JA:タイル

タイル (Tiles) は、風呂場の壁に格子状に貼り付けてある、四角い陶器の板のことです！　しかし、ここではそれよりも地図タイルについて説明します。

• 地図を表示するために格子状に並べて表示されている、四角いビットマップのグラフィック
• タイル状にした地図のデータについて触れることもあります。

このページは多くの情報や技術的な詳細を含んでいます。ウェブページやアプリケーションで地図タイルを利用したい場合は、 how to use OpenStreetMap tiles についてのチュートリアルを見ることもできます。

グラフィカルな地図タイル

地図タイルは通常256×256ピクセルの画像です。例えば、以下のようなものです。

タイルの例

タイルは常にこの大きさとは限りません。例えば、モバイル用には64×64ピクセルの画像になることもありますが、256×256ピクセルの画像が事実上の標準です。高解像度タイルでは、標準のサイズは512×512ピクセルのようです。

「タイルセット」（tileset）は通常、一度に表示されると巨大な画像を形成するのに十分なタイルを含んでおり、様々なズームレベルにもなります。一般的に、この考えはウェブサイト上にすべてを同時に表示するものではなく、地図上の特定のエリアを表示するものです。移動やズームの機能、地図の新しい領域をユーザーが表示させる必要があるときに新しいタイルのダウンロードを要求する機能は、 Javascript の地図ライブラリによって実現されます（スリッピーマップ）。

タイルの利用

• JA:閲覧#レイヤーでは、 openstreetmap.org ホームページに表示できるタイルの選択を説明しています
• Mapnik - 有名なタイルのレンダラー
• Kosmos Tile Map Server - Windows のタイルレンダラー
• Tile usage policy
• Exporting calibrated maps 特定の組込みソフトウェアと互換性を持つタイルを得るためのツールの一覧
• Tiletool は地図タイル処理のユーティリティです。低倍率のタイルと高倍率のタイルを組み合わせて作成することができ、それらと他の便利な機能を重ねて表示できます。

技術的なデータ

• Slippy map tilenames - 座標からタイル名を計算
• ディスク使用量の見積。
• Tile water land status ([3],OSM slippy map において、どのタイルが地表か海面かであることのインデックスで、これはSVN中のfile available中のpng2tileinfo中のファイルである。
• List of changed tiles,最近の1時間から24時間中で変更のあった、すべてのタイルをすべてのズームレベルで得る。

開発

• mod_tile Mapnik のタイルをレンダリングするためにプロセスを分岐させる Apache モジュールです。 OSM-Dev メーリングリストの "mod_tile / renderd issue" （2008年5月）を参照してください
• Tile cache, mapnik/mapserver/WMS で地図を描画し、それをタイルとしてキャッシュ。
• OSM Mobile Binary Protocol、タイリングした OSM データ（WhereAmI/OSM Binary Format およびメーリングリストの2008年からの "mobile binary data" スレッドの議論も参照してください）

サーバー

This is a list of online raster tile servers based on OpenStreetMap data.

See Servers/tile for the names of the physical servers that serve openstreetmap.org's map tiles.

See Servers/Tile CDN for description of tile servers maintained by OSM and how one may donate new server to it.

{x} and {y} should be replaced with the x and y tile numbers.

{z} should be replaced with the zoom level.

{s} should be replaced by a subdomain. The exact values are in the tile server's documentation, but typically it is a single letter a, b, c and usually corresponds to Leaflet's {s} parameter. Subdomains are used to help with browser parallel requests per domain limitation (not needed if the webserver uses http/2), so consider switching letters at runtime (similar to JOSM's url template construct {switch:a,b,c}).

Base maps

Name	free/commercial	latency	IPv6	comment	tiles url	Tile example	source code
OpenStreetMap's Standard tile layer openstreetmap.org front page Tile usage policy compare	free, funded by donations	1 minutes - 1 day	はい		https://tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/
CyclOSM cyclosm.org Tile usage policy compare	free, funded by donations	~72 hours - 1 week			https://{s}.tile-cyclosm.openstreetmap.fr/[cyclosm|cyclosm-lite]/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/cyclosm/cyclosm-cartocss-style/
German fork of the Standard tile layer openstreetmap.de map usage policy compare	free, funded by donations	1 month+	はい	label in German and local language (transliterated where no name in Latin script is available), commercial and high-traffic use restricted	https://tile.openstreetmap.de/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/giggls/openstreetmap-carto-de/
Geofabrik Standard OpenStreetMap Carto style (similar to www.openstretmap.org) compare	commercial, registration required, trial available	OSM data updated minutely	いいえ	labels in local language
Geofabrik German openstreetmap.de map (German OpenStreetMap Carto fork) compare	commercial, registration required, trial available	OSM data updated minutely	いいえ	labels in German and local language, non-Latin characters are transliterated
Geofabrik English OpenStreetMap Carto style (similar to www.openstretmap.org) but English labels	commercial, registration required, trial available	OSM data updated minutely	いいえ	labels in English and local language, non-Latin characters are transliterated
Geofabrik Topo base map suitable for outdoor activities, with hillshade and contours compare	commercial, registration required, trial available	OSM data updated minutely	いいえ	labels in English and local language, non-Latin characters are transliterated
API.Wikiocity Wikiocity map	commercial, registration required	~1 day	いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available.	https://api.wikiocity.com/r/raster/{language}/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/wikiocity/wikiocity-styles
OpenCycleMap OpenCycleMap compare	commercial, registration required		いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available.	https://tile.thunderforest.com/cycle/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		unavailable, this is a closed source project
Humanitarian map style Humanitarian focused OSM base layer Usage policy: https://www.openstreetmap.fr/fonds-de-carte/ compare	free, funded by donations	5 minutes - 1 day	はい	map style info. https and http/2 supported.	https://a.tile.openstreetmap.fr/hot/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://b.tile.openstreetmap.fr/hot/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/hotosm/HDM-CartoCSS
OSM France Priority given to French names and symbols (baguette instead of pretzel for bakery!). Special display for sport fields. Usage policy: https://www.openstreetmap.fr/fonds-de-carte/ compare	free, funded by donations	1 hour	はい	Fork of OSM Carto. Some newer features are sometimes experimented and are discussed on the French OpenStreetmap mailing list. Guided tour of improved features. https and http/2 supported.	https://a.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://b.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://c.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/cquest/osmfr-cartocss map
Stamen Toner Black & White map compare	commercial, with a free tier for non-commercial use under 200.000 tiles / month	Monthly	はい	Hosted by Stadia Maps. No registration necessary for local development; retina (HiDPI) tiles available. Layer groups available: stamen_toner_labels, stamen_toner_lines, stamen_toner_background, stamen_toner_lite (docs).	https://tiles.stadiamaps.com/tiles/stamen_toner/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/stamen/toner-carto (new repo for refreshed styles coming soon)
Stamen Watercolor Artistic map compare	commercial, with a free tier for non-commercial use under 200.000 tiles / month	Monthly	はい	Hosted by Stadia Maps. No registration necessary for local development; retina (HiDPI) tiles available.	https://tiles.stadiamaps.com/tiles/stamen_watercolor/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpg		Not public, but they give the generated tiles and code to Cooper-Hewitt for real-time rendering.
Clockwork Micro Streets Streets map	commercial, registration required		いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available.	https://maps.clockworkmicro.com/streets/v1/raster/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Transport Map Transport map compare	commercial, registration required		いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available.	https://tile.thunderforest.com/transport/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Thunderforest Landscape Landscape map compare	commercial, registration required		いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available	https://tile.thunderforest.com/landscape/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Thunderforest Outdoors Outdoors map compare	commercial, registration required		いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available	https://tile.thunderforest.com/outdoors/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Öpnvkarte Transport map compare			はい		https://tile.memomaps.de/tilegen/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapTiler Streets Streets map compare	commercial, registration required		はい	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://api.maptiler.com/maps/streets/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapTiler Outdooor Outdoor map	commercial, registration required		はい	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://api.maptiler.com/maps/outdoor/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapTiler Pastel Pale map for overlaying own data	commercial, registration required		はい	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://api.maptiler.com/maps/pastel/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapTiler Basic Basic map compare	commercial, registration required		はい	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://api.maptiler.com/maps/basic/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapTiles English MapTiles with English labels	commercial, registration required	~ 2 weeks	いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://maptiles.p.rapidapi.com/en/map/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapTiles French MapTiles with French labels	commercial, registration required	~ 2 weeks	いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://maptiles.p.rapidapi.com/fr/map/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapTiles Spanish MapTiles with Spanish labels	commercial, registration required	~ 2 weeks	いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://maptiles.p.rapidapi.com/es/map/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Carto Light ("Positron") general map Required attribution: "Map tiles by Carto, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL."	commercial, registration required, uses Natural Earth at low zooms		いいえ	variants available: all, nolabels, only_labels	https://cartodb-basemaps-{s}.global.ssl.fastly.net/light_all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Carto Dark ("Dark Matter") general map Required attribution: "Map tiles by Carto, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL."	commercial, registration required, uses Natural Earth at low zooms		いいえ	variants available: all, nolabels, only_labels	https://cartodb-basemaps-{s}.global.ssl.fastly.net/dark_all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
OpenTopoMap Topographical Map	free, see https://opentopomap.org/about#faq		いいえ	Topographical Map	https://{a|b|c}.tile.opentopomap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Omniscale base map	commercial, registration required		いいえ	coloured base map, greyscale version and coloured version with hillshading available
Retina Tiles OpenStreetMap-Carto styled retina tiles	commercial, registration required	~ 2 weeks	いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://retina-tiles.p.rapidapi.com/local/osm{r}/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?rapidapi-key=XXX
Standard Tiles OpenStreetMap-Carto styled standard tiles	commercial, registration required	~ 2 weeks	いいえ	you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available.	https://retina-tiles.p.rapidapi.com/local/osm/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?rapidapi-key=XXX
Lima Labs Open carto Based map with Anglicized labels	Commercial with a free tier up to 20,000,000 tiles yearly. Commercial traffic encourage on the free tier. Register for a free API key.	Quarterly	はい	High res 512x512 tiles labeled in English and local languages where possible distributed from a global CDN.	https://cdn.lima-labs.com/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?api=demo
Tracestrack Carto OSM-Carto based retina maps compare	commercial, a free tier for non-commercial or low volume use is available.	< 10 days	はい	18+ language labels; localised road shields for several countries; elevation in feet in US; several colour variants;	https://tile.tracestrack.com/_/{z}/{x}/{y}.png, https://tile.tracestrack.com/en/{z}/{x}/{y}.png, https://tile.tracestrack.com/[ar|de|es|fi|fr|he|hu|it|ja|ko|nl|pl|pt|ru|uk|sv|th|tr|zh-hans|zh-hant]/{z}/{x}/{y}.png, etc
Tracestrack Topo Combined OSM-Carto with OpenTopoMap compare	commercial, a free tier for non-commercial or low volume use is available.	< 10 days	はい	18+ language labels; localised road shields for several countries; elevation in feet in US; several colour variants;	https://tile.tracestrack.com/topo__/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?key=XXX, https://tile.tracestrack.com/topo_en/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?key=XXX, https://tile.tracestrack.com/topo_[ar|de|es|fi|fr|he|hu|it|ja|ko|nl|pl|pt|ru|uk|sv|th|tr|zh-hans|zh-hant]/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?key=XXX, etc
Geoapify Map Tiles OSM-based map tiles	commercial, a free tier for low volume use is available. Registration required	Monthly updates after data checks	はい	OSM Carto, OSM Bright and variants, Klokantech Basic, Toner and variants, Positron and variants, Dark Matter and variants	https://maps.geoapify.com/v1/tile/osm-bright-smooth/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Stadia Alidade Smooth View map	commercial, with a free tier available for non-commercial use	Monthly	はい	No registration necessary for local development; retina (HiDPI) tiles available	https://tiles.stadiamaps.com/tiles/alidade_smooth/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Stadia Alidade Smooth Dark View map	commercial, with a free tier available for non-commercial use	Monthly	はい	No registration necessary for local development; retina (HiDPI) tiles available	https://tiles.stadiamaps.com/tiles/alidade_smooth_dark/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Stadia Outdoors View map	commercial, with a free tier available for non-commercial use	Monthly	はい	No registration necessary for local development; retina (HiDPI) tiles available	https://tiles.stadiamaps.com/tiles/outdoors/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Stadia OSM Bright View map	commercial, with a free tier available for non-commercial use	Monthly	はい	No registration necessary for local development; retina (HiDPI) tiles available	https://tiles.stadiamaps.com/tiles/osm_bright/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
MapBox [4]	commercial		はい	Uses various data sources including OSM. Formerly open data and open source with a free tier available; nowadays also proprietary software and closed data.			https://github.com/mapbox (partial)

Overlay tiles

Name	free/commercial	latency	IPv6	comment	tiles url	Tile example	source code
waymarkedtrails Hiking routes		1 day		Using osmc:symbol=*	https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/hiking/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site
waymarkedtrails Cycling routes		1 day			https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/cycling/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site
waymarkedtrails Riding routes		1 day		Horse riding, using osmc:symbol=*	https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/riding/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site
OpenRailwayMap Railway infrastructure Usage policy compare	free, funded by donations, see policy			Railway infrastructure	https://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap
OpenRailwayMap Railway maxspeeds Usage policy compare	free, funded by donations, see policy			Railway maxspeeds	https://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap
OpenRailwayMap Railway signalling Usage policy	free, funded by donations, see policy			Railway signalling and train protection signals	https://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/{z}/{x}/{y}.png https://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/{z}/{x}/{y}.png		https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap
OpenSeaMap Sea marks				Sea marks only, background transparent	http://tiles.openseamap.org/seamark/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Tracestrack Bus routes	commercial, a free tier for non-commercial or low volume use is available. Source code released in GitHub under GPL-3.0 license.	2 weeks		Bus routes only, background transparent	https://tile.tracestrack.com/bus-route/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Tracestrack Subway routes	commercial, a free tier for non-commercial or low volume use is available.	2 weeks		Subway routes only, background transparent	https://tile.tracestrack.com/subway-route/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Tracestrack Train routes	commercial, a free tier for non-commercial or low volume use is available.	2 weeks		Train routes only, background transparent	https://tile.tracestrack.com/train-route/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Tracestrack Bicycle routes	commercial, a free tier for non-commercial or low volume use is available.	2 weeks		Bicycle lanes and routes, background transparent	https://tile.tracestrack.com/bicycle-route/{z}/{x}/{y}.png

Regional tile servers

Name	free or commercial	latency	IPv6	Region	tiles url	Tile example	source code
openstreetmap-carto rendering from SOSM standard usage policy	free, donated resources	1 hour	no	Switzerland	https://tile.osm.ch/switzerland/{z}/{x}/{y}.png	https://tile.osm.ch/switzerland/14/8544/5827.png	https://github.com/sosm/openstreetmap-carto
OSM-Swiss-Style link to the map usage policy	free, donated resources	1 hour	no	Switzerland	https://tile.osm.ch/osm-swiss-style/{z}/{x}/{y}.png	https://tile.osm.ch/osm-swiss-style/15/17062/11532.png	https://github.com/sosm/OSM-Swiss-Style

map compare service at bbbike.org の例も参照してください。大量に利用する場合は、それぞれのタイルサーバーの利用制限に従ってください。

別な OSM ベースのタイルを表示する他のウェブサービスとして mapstyle.petschge.de や Leaflet Provider Demo があります。

注釈:

タイルされた地図データ

• QuadTiles, タイルによってインデックスされた、OSMデータベースを作成するための枠組み
• OJW's tile data server, キャッシュ可能なデータサーバの最初の実装で、タイルサーバと同じ方法でデータを提供する。
• Tile data server, タイルとして保存されたデータがどのように動くべきかの一般的な定義。(written by ojw as well...)

リンク

• Switch2OSM, The Basics このページではタイルの一部の解説や、ライセンス、タイルを表示する JavaScript ライブラリを紹介しています。