Power lines
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(Redirected from Power lines in OSM)
Contents |
RFC - draft
Influented by: discussion on Talk:key:power, User:Adjuva/PowerTagging, Matthew Newton, Bahnpirat
Personal statement: confusions between power=station and power=sub_station are my (Bahnpirat) fault. The following draft use the correct english meaning and "station" is no langer a tag here.
Introduction
There are more power infrastructure in the real world than just a power plug and socket. The socket on the wall is just the end of a big grid which is supplied with electric energy through a transportation and distribution network. This is a scheme of some infrastructure.
See also values for inside a power sub station!
| OSM-key (color) | english | german | ? |
|---|---|---|---|
 power=line |
high voltage overhead power line | Hochspannungsfreileitung (400 kV - 50 kV) | |
| power=underground_cable |
high voltage earth cables | Hochspannungserdkabel (400 kV - 50 kV) | |
 power=pole (may be also: pole=air_to_ground) |
smaller tower, made of wood or stone | Mittelspannungsmast (z.B. aus Holz oder Beton) | |
| power=minor_line |
smaller overhead line | Mittelspannungfreileitung (55 kV - 1 kV) | |
| power=minor_underground_cable |
smaller line under earth | Mittelspannungkabel (50 kV - 1 kV) | |
| power=tower and in this case tower=air_to_ground |
power tower where over head line change into ground | Erdkabelübergang - Freileitung wechselt zu Erdkabel | |
| power=minor_station |
unterground_cable go overground inside a sub station | Erdkabelübergang im Umspannwerk | |
| power=transformer |
high voltage transformer | Hochspannungstransformator ( > 100 kV) | |
| suggest a value! |
distribution for local area | Trafohäuschen | |
| power=cable_distribution_cabinet |
distribution for a street | Verteilerkasten |
keys and values
| key | value | element | description en | Beschreibung de |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| power | busbar |  |
a high voltage power "line" inside a sub station, looks like a metall pipe open at the endings | Sammelschiene im Umspannwerk, sieht oft wie ein Metallrohr aus, welches an den Enden offen ist. |
| power | cable | |
a high voltage "line" under the earth | Hochspannungsleitung unter der Erde. |
| power | generator |  |
produce electric energy, use power_source=* to describe "fuel" | produziert elektrische Energie, power_source=* benutzen um den "Treibstoff" zu beschreiben. |
| power | line | |
a overground high voltage power line | oberirdische Hochspannungsleitung |
| power | station | |
switching point for high voltage power lines. Can have one or more power=transformer in. | Schalt- und Verteilstelle für Mittelspannungsleitungen. Kann einen oder mehr Transformatoren beinhalten. |
| power | sub_station | |
switching point for middle voltage power lines. Distribute power to consumer. | Schalt- und Verteilstelle für Mittelspannungsleitungen. Verteilt die Energie zum Verbraucher |
| power | tower | |
a pylon to hold the power line | Ein Strommast, welcher die Leitung trägt. |
| power | transformer | |
transform between different voltages | Transformator wandelt zwischen verschiedenen Spannungen um. |
| cables | 2;3;4;6 | |
number of cables per power line/system. | Anzahl der Kabel pro "Leitung"/System. |
| frequency | * | |
European standard is 50 Hertz and 60 Hertz for North America to the north of South America also Japan and Taiwan, DC would be 0 Hertz, own power grid for railways in Austria, Germany, Switzerland use 16.7 Hertz | Standart ist 50 Hertz für Europa und 60 Hertz für Nordamerika und den nördlichen Teil von Südamerika sowie Japan und Taiwan; Gleichstrom (DC) wäre hier 0, eigenes Hochspannungsnetz der Bahnen in Österreich, Deutschland, Schweiz benutzt 16.7 Hertz. |
| name (or ref) | (..) | |
name or ref of power line. This value is consistent along the line. | Name oder Nummer der Hochspannungsleitung. Diese ist über die ganze Strecke gleich. |
| operator | (..) | |
name of line operator | Name des Betreibers. |
| source | GPS survey Yahoo ... |
|
source of position and/or other information | Quelle der Position und/oder anderer Informationen. |
example
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Nodes and ways in OSM reflect the physic infrastructure. But is this near enough on reality? Like many lanes of a road are only represented by one way, many wires on a power tower are only represented by one way in database. But logic infrastructure is more complex. The picture on the left show the difference. A standard relation include all ways (lines or cables, may be planned) and areas (sub stations), which are directly connected to it.
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Life cycle management
Like all infrastructure power lines and generators are projected, constructed, used and may be deconstructed if it's disused.
- planned wind energy: power=planned, planned=generator, power_source=wind
- power line under construction (may be not visible yet): power=construction, construction=line, operator=
To be done
- Difference between power=station and power=sub_station clear enough?
-
better tag for power=cable?power=underground_cable
inside power stations
|
green: power=station or power=sub_station yellow: power=line from outside purple: power=switch blue: power=busbar orange: power=transformer |
Comment on each tag seperatly!
Busbar
| picture? | power=busbar name=* of station ref=* of busbar operator=* voltage=* frequency=* |
Solid metal pipe or cables in (sub-)stations to connect all lines and transformers. The switch and distribution area. |
Generator
| picture? | power=generator power_source=* operator=* voltage=* frequency=* |
Place where electric energy is generated. |
Switch
(as suggested by Matthew Newton)
| picture? | power=switch ref=* |
Switch to connect and disconnect from the grid. |
Transformer
(as suggested by Matthew Newton)
|
power=transformer voltage-high=* voltage-low=* operator= |
Infrastructur to transform electric energy between voltage levels. voltage-high=* and voltage-low=* represent the upper and lower voltage level. This could be a huge block of metall in sub stations or a building near the street in your neighbourhood. |
other values
wires
"wires" means the type of cable which hang on isolators. Possible values : single, double, triple, quad .. (table from User:Nahainec/PowerLine)
| count | Picture | tag |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
wires=single |
| 2 |  |
wires=double |
| 3 | wires=triple | |
| 4 |  |
wires=quad |
| 6 | wires=hex? | |
| 8 | wires=octal? |
- voltage=
- gives the voltage as a pure number, like 380000. Not "380 kV", "380.000" or so. Beside: 380 kV is equal to 400 kV. Use both as 380000 and 400000.
- power=cables count the number of used cables shield by isolation elements on the tower. Usualy some thing devided by three, like 3, 6 .. 18 ? Don't count unisolated cables. These are shield the infrastructure against lightnings and will not used for electric energy transport.
- operator=
- : If more than one operator is responsible (hybrid power line), list them devided by a semicolon like operator=EON;Vattenfall in alphabetic order.
- layer=* There are people connecting ways with power lines. Unless there is a broken line where wires lay at ground this is wrong. Layer=4 or 5 prevent lines going under a layer=2 building=*.
- frequency=
- Some countries have also power lines with an non 50 Hertz frequency, like direct current is frequency=0 or Deutsche Bahn operats at 16.7 Hertz (frequency=16.7).
Transportation routes
Thus power lines span across the country and electricity always take the shortes way it's transportation behavior is similar to a passenger in a bus. He/She can only travel at the offered routes (physical cable) and it's only possible to change the bus line at bus stops (distribution faccilities). One difference is there are three passengers (phases) which only can travel together (3 cables = 1 electric system) but hate eachother so much, nothing work when they connect (short circuit). ;-) So if 2 systems share the same power tower (6 cables are 2 systems) they have to reach the next power station to meet physicaly. Relations are a good way to show this in OSM. Put every way and power station connected with this system in one relation and tag as following example shows:
- type=route
- route=power
- wires= (see wires=*)
- voltage=220000 (no point or colon)
- operator=XY Corp.
- cables= (see cables=*, mostly 3 or 6)
- frequency=50 (for 50 Hertz)
Trashbag
The whole thing
| Picture and key:value | Name in language | describtion en | Beschreibung de |
|---|---|---|---|
 power=station (recommended) or power=sub_station and also power=cable_distribution_cabinet |
DE:Umspannwerk en:Electrical substation es:Subestación_eléctrica fa:پست الکتریکی fr:Poste électrique it:Sottostazione elettrica ja:変電所 nl:Onderstation ru:Электрическая подстанция |
The whole thing is a power (sub_)station. Mostly with a barrier=fence around so you have access=no to it. High voltage lines (also via underground) coming in and there could also be power=transformer seperated by a power=switch from a power=busbar, which connects all electric infrastructure. Every station has an operator=*. power=station is used where high voltage (> 100 kV) is transformed or switched (use voltage=* to note all voltages used there). power=sub_station for all non-high-voltage faccilities, often represented by only a node. Sometimes you can find a power=cable_distribution_cabinet near the street.
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Das ganze ist ein Umspannwerk. Meistens mit einem Zaun (barrier=fence) drum herum, sodass man kleinen Zugang hat access=no. Hochspannungsleitungen (auch unterirdisch) enden hier und es kann auch Transformatoren (power=transformer) geben, welche durch Hochspannungsschalter (power=switch) getrennt sind von einer Sammelschiene (power=busbar), welche alle Strominfrastruktur verbindet. Jedes Umspannwerk hat einen Betreiber (operator=*). power=station wird verwendet wo Hochspannung (> 100 kV) transformiert oder verteilt werden Mit (voltage=* alle verwendeten Spannungen eintragen). power=sub_station wird für alles unterhalb dieser Grenze verwendet, welche oft nur durch einen Node repräsentiert werden. Ein Verteilerschrank am Straßenradn ist ein power=cable_distribution_cabinet
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 power=line,power=cable and power=minor_line |
DE:Hochspannungsleitung en:High tension line es:Líneas de alta tensión fa:خطوط انتقال هوایی fr:Ligne à haute tension it:linea ad alta tensione nl:Hoogspanningsleiding pl:Linia elektroenergetyczna napowietrzna |
The power line is carried on power=towers. Three cables are one system (exapt power for train and HVDC). Every system has one voltage=* level on which it operate. Draw one way for all systems connected to one power tower. All lines for 100 kV or more are power=line. For less volts than this use power=minor_line on power=pole. Use power=cable or power=minor_cable for undergound power supply. name=* should be used for name/number of the line (can be found on power towers). | Hochspannungsleitungen werden von Hochspannungsmasten (power=tower) getragen. Drei Leiterseile bilden ein System (ausgenommen Bahnstromleitungen und de:HVDC). Jedes System hat eine eigene Spannung (voltage=*) mit der es betreiben wird. Zeichne einen way für alle Systeme welche mit einem Mast verbunden sind. Alle Leitungen mit 100 kV oder mehr sind power=line. Für Leitungen mit weniger Spannung wird power=minor_line auf power=pole benutzt. für Untergrund/Erdkabel wird power=cable oder power=minor_cable benutzt. Mit name=* kann der/die Name/Nummer der Leitung eingetragen werden (zu finden an den Masten). |
 power=tower or power=pole |
DE:Hochspannungsmast en:Electricity pylon es: fr:Pylône électrique it: ja:鉄塔 nl:Hoogspanningsmast pl:Konstrukcje wsporcze ru:Опора линии электропередачи |
Power towers have numbers and names on it. Tower numbers increase from start to end point. Names or Numbers for each systems can be found on power towers and are the same at each tower. These belong to the power=line and should be taged on the way itself. Use source=survey if you track them! Poles only carry power=minor_lines. Power towers can also carry minor_lines. | Hochspannungsmaste sind mit Nummern und Namen beschriftet. Die Mastnummer ist vom Start zum Ziel durchgehend aufsteigend. Namen/Nummern der Systeme (=3 Leiterseile) findet man auch an den Masten und sind durchgehend gleich. Da die Systemnamen zu den Leitungen gehören sollten sie auch nicht auf den Masten eingetragen werden sondern auf den ways. Mit source=survey kann man vor Ort abgelesene Nummern kennzeichnen. power=pole tragen nur Mittelspannungsleitungen (power=minor_line). power=tower können auch minor_lines tragen. |
| type=route route=power |
The route of a system from start to end can be shown with a relation. Like a bus route use streets (highway=*) power systems (=3 cables) using ways (power=line). But changing the line is only possible at stops (power=station)! So it is not possible to change your direction during traveling along the line. To represent these physical fact on a logical map you can use relations. Include all power lines and stations (incl. generator) in the relation and tag it with voltage=*, operator=* etc. These informations are also on the way itself, so relations are only needed in case systems seperate during their journey. | Der Verlauf eines Systems vom Start zum Ende kann mit relationen gezeigt werden. Genauso wir Busse die Straßen benutzen, benutzen Systeme die Hochspannungsleitungen. Jedoch kann man nur an Umspannwerken (power=station) umsteigen. Es ist nicht möglich während der Fahrt die Linie zu wechseln. Um diese physikalische tatsache auf einer logischen Karte zu repräsentieren kann man mit Relationen arbeiten. Füge alle Hochspannungsleitungen (ways) und Umspannwerke der Relation hinzu und tagge diese mit voltage=*, operator=* usw. Diese Informationen sind bereits auf der power=line vorhanden, sodass Relationen nur notwendig werden falls sich Systeme in ihrem Verlauf trennen. |
