Power networks/Ukraine

High-voltage Electrical Network

State of the map

TODO : Take a JOSM screenshot of the country current power network. More info in power networks country page template

Ukraine's power network is extensively mapped on OpenStreetMap with significant coverage of transmission infrastructure. As of January 2026, the database contains 1,175 power plants totaling 52,865 MW of generation capacity and 130,735 km of power lines mapped across all voltage levels.

The high-voltage transmission network includes the distinctive 750 kV ring system, one of the highest voltage networks in the world, along with extensive 330 kV, 220 kV, and lower voltage transmission lines operated by Ukrenergo.

Current mapping challenges: The ongoing conflict since 2022 has significantly impacted Ukraine's power infrastructure. Approximately 70% of thermal generation capacity has been damaged or occupied as of 2024-2025, and many transmission facilities have sustained damage from military attacks. This makes ground-truthing and updating OSM data particularly challenging in affected regions.

Network description

Voltages and frequency

Frequency: 50 Hz

Ukraine's power system operates on a standard European frequency of 50 Hz. Since March 16, 2022, Ukraine's grid has been synchronized with the Continental European power system (ENTSO-E) after emergency disconnection from the Russian IPS/UPS grid on February 24, 2022.

According to ГОСТ 721-77 (GOST 721-77), the Soviet standard for nominal voltages above 1000 V that is still applied in Ukraine, the following voltage levels are used:

Network	Voltage (V)	Comments	Typical Usage
Distribution	3,000	3 kV	Industrial distribution networks
Distribution	6,000	6 kV	Medium voltage distribution
Distribution	10,000	10 kV	Standard distribution voltage
Distribution	20,000	20 kV	Regional distribution (rare)
Sub-transmission	35,000	35 kV	Regional distribution and sub-transmission
Transmission	110,000	110 kV	Primary transmission backbone
Transmission	150,000	150 kV	Legacy Soviet voltage level
Transmission	154,000	154 kV	Regional transmission (limited use)
Transmission	220,000	220 kV	Major transmission backbone
Transmission	330,000	330 kV	High-voltage transmission
Transmission	400,000	400 kV	European interconnection standard
Transmission	500,000	500 kV	Soviet-era extra high voltage (limited)
Transmission	750,000	750 kV	Ultra-high voltage backbone ring
Transmission	800,000	800 kV	Experimental/limited use (DC)
Transmission	1,150,000	1150 kV	Experimental (not implemented in Ukraine)

These values are used for quality control in some OSM tools. If you change them, please also report it by creating an issue on GitHub. More information about country voltage QA.

Special Note on 750 kV Network: Ukraine operates a unique 750 kV ultra-high voltage ring system, inherited from the Soviet era. This backbone includes major substations such as Vinnytska, Zakhidnoukrainska, Kyivska, Zaporizhska, Dniprovska, Pivnichnoukrainska, Kakhovska, and Prymorska. The 750 kV network is one of the most distinctive features of Ukraine's power system and is crucial for bulk power transmission across the country. The 750 kV Zakhidnoukrainska substation is noted as the largest power substation in Europe, covering 70 hectares with an installed capacity of 3,000 MVA.

Operators

Operator	Network	Wikidata	Website	Wikipedia	Operating area	Information	Label	Taginfo
NPC Ukrenergo	Transmission 110-750 kV	Q4003456 WhatLinksHere	https://ua.energy	Ukrenergo	Nationwide	State-owned TSO, sole operator of high-voltage transmission	operator=NPC Ukrenergo operator:wikidata=Q4003456	operator=NPC Ukrenergo
NJSC Energoatom	Nuclear generation	Q1318670	https://energoatom.com.ua	Energoatom	Nationwide (4 NPP sites)	State-owned nuclear operator, 15 reactors, 13.8 GW capacity	operator=NJSC Energoatom operator:wikidata=Q1318670	operator=Energoatom
DTEK	Generation & Distribution	Q2065118	https://dtek.com	DTEK	Regional (primarily Eastern Ukraine)	Major private energy company	operator=DTEK operator:wikidata=Q2065118	operator=DTEK
Regional Oblenergos	Distribution	Various	Various	—	Regional	Local distribution companies (various operators)	operator=*oblenergo	—

NPC Ukrenergo (National Power Company Ukrenergo) is Ukraine's transmission system operator (TSO) with exclusive responsibility for:

• Operating and maintaining the Integrated Power System (IPS) of Ukraine
• Managing 21,300+ km of 220-750 kV transmission lines
• Operating 137+ substations of 220-750 kV with total capacity >78,800 MVA
• Real-time balancing of electricity supply and demand
• Cross-border electricity flows and interconnections
• Commercial metering and settlement administration

Ukrenergo became a full member of ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity) on January 1, 2024, following successful completion of the synchronization process.

Organizational structure:

• 4 territorial administrations (Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western)
• 15 regional grid maintenance centers (RGMC)
• 6 regional dispatch centers (RDC)
• Over 7,000 employees (pre-2022 figures: ~9,000)

NJSC Energoatom operates all of Ukraine's nuclear power plants with 15 nuclear power units:

• 13 VVER-1000 reactors (1,000 MW each)
• 2 VVER-440 reactors (440 MW each)
• Total installed capacity: 13,835 MW
• Provides approximately 50-55% of Ukraine's electricity generation

Interconnections

Neighbor Country	Structure Name	Year of commissioning	Technology	Voltage (kV)	Capacity (MW)	Local end	Foreign end	OSM circuit	Notes
Poland	Rzeszów-Khmelnytskyi	2023 (upgraded)	AC	400 (downrated from 750)	~600	Khmelnytskyi region	Rzeszów	[To be mapped]	Part of emergency synchronization, originally 750 kV "Mir" line
Poland	Dobrotvirska TPP - Zamość	Existing	AC	220	~235	Dobrotvirska TPP	Zamość	[To be mapped]	"Directional transmission" line, limited capacity
Slovakia	Veľké Kapušany-Uzhhorod	Operational	AC	400	~600	Uzhhorod	Veľké Kapušany	[To be mapped]	Key EU interconnection point
Hungary	Albertirsa-Zakhidnoukrainska-Vinnytsia	1979 (reactivated 2002)	AC	750	~300-650	Zakhidnoukrainska, Vinnytska	Albertirsa	[To be mapped]	Historic "Mir" 750 kV line, only 750 kV line in Hungary
Romania	Multiple connections	Various	AC	330, 400	~400	Various	Various	[To be mapped]	Includes Burshtyn Island connections
Romania	Isaccea-Pivdennoukrainska NPP	Under construction (target 2026-2028)	AC	400	1,000+	Pivdennoukrainska NPP	Isaccea	[Planned]	High-priority project, EU-funded
Moldova	Multiple 110 kV connections	Various	AC	110	~700	Various	Various	[To be mapped]	Synchronized with Ukraine since 2022

Total Import Capacity (as of January 2026): Approximately 2.1 GW from EU countries

Key Synchronization Events:

• June 28, 2017: Ukrenergo signed agreement with ENTSO-E for future synchronization
• February 24, 2022: Ukraine disconnected from Russian IPS/UPS grid during invasion
• March 16, 2022: Emergency synchronization with Continental Europe completed
• November 28, 2023: Permanent synchronization status achieved
• January 1, 2024: Ukrenergo became full ENTSO-E member

Historical Note - Burshtyn Island: The Burshtyn Power Island in southwestern Ukraine was connected to the European ENTSO-E grid since 2003, operating independently from the rest of Ukraine's grid until the full synchronization in March 2022.

Planned projects

High Priority Interconnections:

• Romania-Ukraine (Isaccea-Pivdennoukrainska NPP) 400 kV line: Expected to add 1+ GW capacity, original target 2028, possibly expedited to 2026-2027
• Slovakia-Ukraine interconnection upgrades: Capacity expansion under discussion (+1,134 MW by 2035)
• Poland-Ukraine capacity enhancements: Further studies ongoing (+434 MW by 2035)
• Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM): Required for full bidirectional electricity trade with EU
• 110 kV interconnections expansion: Multiple 110 kV cross-border lines for decentralized renewables

Grid Modernization Projects:

• Reconstruction of damaged substations (ongoing since 2022)
• Installation of grid batteries for frequency control (200 MW/400 MWh operating as of 2025)
• Decentralization initiatives including distributed solar and battery storage
• Protective infrastructure hardening at key substations

Major 750 kV Substation Upgrades:

• 750 kV Vinnytska: Upgrade to 1,000 MVA capacity, new autotransformers AT-1 and AT-2, PST installation (target 2024)
• 750 kV Zakhidnoukrainska: Ongoing reactor and autotransformer replacement program, Europe's largest substation
• 750 kV Dniprovska: Reconstruction with modern equipment, autotransformer addition
• 750 kV Zaporizhska: Modernization project (status uncertain due to occupation)
• 750 kV Prymorska: Planned 750/330 kV upgrade (2,000 MVA capacity by 2026)
• 750 kV Pivnichnoukrainska: Upgrade completed 2024
• 750 kV Kakhovska-Prymorska OHL: New transmission line under design (southern Ukraine)

Nuclear Capacity Expansion:

• Khmelnytskyi NPP Units 3&4 completion: Using AP1000 technology (Westinghouse), ~$5 billion project
• Khmelnytskyi NPP Units 5&6: New AP1000 units planned
• South Ukraine NPP Units 4&5: Preparatory works initiated May 2024
• Rivne NPP Unit 5: Under consideration to replace older VVER-440 units
• Target: 24 GW of nuclear capacity by 2040

Data Sources

Source	License	Date	Suitable for OSM	Notes
Ukrenergo official publications	© Ukrenergo	2024-2025	Limited - technical reference only	Official TSO data, use for validation and general network topology
ENTSO-E transparency platform	Open data	2024-2025	Yes - for general network topology	European grid operator association data, interconnection information
Satellite imagery (various providers)	Various	Current	Yes	Essential for mapping after 2022, verify licensing for each source
IEA Reports on Ukraine	© IEA	2024-2025	No - reference only	Analysis and statistics, not for direct mapping
Ukrainian government open data	Public domain	Various	Depends on source	Check individual licenses, some data may be classified
OpenInfraMap statistics	ODbL	Updated regularly	Yes	Derived from OSM data, useful for quality control
Energy Community reports	Open access	2024-2025	Limited	Policy and market information, technical references

Important Note: Due to the security situation since 2022, detailed operational data about power infrastructure may be restricted or classified. Mappers should:

1. Only map visible infrastructure from approved imagery sources
2. Avoid mapping military-sensitive details or operational status
3. Consider the security implications of detailed facility mapping
4. Follow OSM community guidelines on mapping in conflict zones
5. Do not map damaged/destroyed infrastructure locations in detail during active conflict

Network statistics

Ukraine has 1,175 power plants totaling 52,865 MW and 130,735 km of power lines mapped on OpenStreetMap (from OpenInfraMap, last update September 2025).

Power line statistics by voltage

Voltage Range	Length (km)	Percentage
< 10 kV	224	0.2%
10 kV - 25 kV	3,467	2.7%
25 kV - 52 kV	63,977	48.9%
52 kV - 132 kV	31,290	23.9%
132 kV - 220 kV	8,152	6.2%
220 kV - 330 kV	3,524	2.7%
330 kV - 550 kV	13,117	10.0%
> 550 kV (750-800 kV)	3,828	2.9%
No voltage tagged	3,151	2.4%
Total	130,735	100%

From OpenInfraMap, last update 2025-09-13

Ukrenergo-operated transmission infrastructure (220-750 kV):

• 21,300+ km of trunk and interstate transmission lines
• 137+ substations (220-750 kV)
• Total substation capacity: >78,800 MVA
• Annual electricity transmission: ~110-115 billion kWh (pre-2022)

Electricity generation

Pre-2022 Generation Mix (56 GW total installed capacity):

• Nuclear: ~50% (13.8 GW installed from 4 operating nuclear power plants with 15 reactors)
• Coal: ~23% (24.6 GW installed capacity in thermal power stations)
• Natural Gas: ~9% (combined cycle and CHP plants)
• Hydropower: 11% (6.2 GW installed, including pumped storage)
• Renewables: Growing sector (wind, solar, biomass: ~1-2 GW in 2021)

2024-2025 Crisis Impact:

• Generation capacity reduced from 56 GW to approximately 9-13 GW available
• ~70% of thermal generation damaged, occupied, or destroyed by mid-2024
• 80% of thermal capacity lost by September 2024
• Zaporizhzhia NPP (6 GW, 6×VVER-1000) under Russian occupation since March 2022
• Nuclear generation continues at 3 operating NPPs (Rivne, Khmelnytskyi, South Ukraine)
• Over 10 GW of capacity lost overall due to occupation or destruction

Grid Resilience Measures (2024-2025):

• Rapid deployment of small distributed generators (gas turbines, ~500-700 MW total)
• Installation of ~1,500 MW of rooftop solar by early 2024
• Grid battery systems: 200 MW/400 MWh operating in 2025
• Emergency backup systems for hospitals and critical infrastructure
• "Points of invincibility" - community warming/charging stations with generators
• Peak import capacity from EU: ~2.1 GW (as of January 2026)

Major Nuclear Power Plants:

Plant	Location	Units	Type	Capacity (MW)	Status	OSM Mapping Priority
Zaporizhzhia NPP	Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast	6	VVER-1000	6,000 (6×1,000)	Occupied since March 2022	Map perimeter only, follow security guidelines
Rivne NPP	Varash, Rivne Oblast	4	2×VVER-440 2×VVER-1000	2,835 (2×440 + 2×1,000)	Operational	High priority
South Ukraine NPP (Pivdennoukrainska)	Yuzhnoukrainsk, Mykolaiv Oblast	3	VVER-1000	3,000 (3×1,000)	Operational	High priority
Khmelnytskyi NPP	Netishyn, Khmelnytskyi Oblast	2 (4 planned)	VVER-1000	2,000 (2×1,000)	Operational, expansion planned	High priority

Major Thermal Power Stations (many damaged/destroyed):

• Burshtyn TES (Thermal Power Station) - Part of Burshtyn Island
• Multiple DTEK-operated thermal plants (significantly damaged)
• Trypilska TPP (destroyed)
• Zmiivska TPP (damaged)
• Various CHP (Combined Heat and Power) plants in cities

Hydroelectric Power:

• Dnieper Cascade: Multiple HPPs along Dnieper River
• Kyiv Hydroelectric Power Plant (361 MW)
• Dnipro HPP (1,569 MW)
• Kakhovka HPP (357 MW) - dam destroyed June 2023
• Kaniv HPP (444 MW)
• Kremenchuk HPP (625 MW)
• Tashlyk HPSPP (Pumped storage, 453 MW) - near South Ukraine NPP
• Dnister HPP and HPSPP

Wind and Solar Farms:

• Rapidly expanding distributed solar sector (rooftop installations)
• Multiple utility-scale wind farms (primarily southern regions)
• Pre-2022: ~2-3 GW of renewable capacity
• 2024-2025: Additional 1.5+ GW of emergency distributed solar

Mapping process and community

Mapping success stories

• 2022-2024 Emergency Response Mapping: OSM community maintained mapping updates despite conflict conditions, providing valuable infrastructure data for humanitarian and reconstruction efforts.
• 750 kV Ring System: The ultra-high voltage backbone has been comprehensively mapped, including major substations and transmission corridors connecting all major power centers.
• Cross-border interconnections: Updated mapping of new EU interconnections established since 2022, including the Rzeszów-Khmelnytskyi 400 kV line.
• Nuclear facilities perimeter mapping: All four NPP sites have accurate perimeter and major facility mapping while respecting security considerations.
• OpenInfraMap integration: Ukraine's power network data quality is sufficient for visualization on OpenInfraMap, enabling quality control and gap analysis.

Encountered problems and places to improve

Security and Ethical Concerns:

• Mapping military-sensitive infrastructure during active conflict
• Balance between humanitarian data needs and operational security
• Need for community guidelines on conflict-zone infrastructure mapping
• Classification of operational status (damaged, destroyed, occupied, operational)

Data Accuracy Issues:

• Rapid infrastructure changes due to conflict damage and repairs
• Difficulty verifying ground truth in occupied or contested areas
• Outdated imagery in some conflict-affected regions
• Limited access to official technical documentation due to security classification

Coverage Gaps:

• Distribution networks (6-35 kV) in eastern and southern regions
• Detailed substation equipment and transformer configurations
• Current operational status of facilities in conflict zones
• Renewable energy installations (rapid growth, frequent additions)
• 110 kV regional transmission networks
• Rural distribution networks in western regions

Technical Mapping Challenges:

• Distinguishing between 750 kV and 330 kV lines in satellite imagery
• Mapping underground cables in urban areas
• Accurate representation of complex substation configurations
• Proper tagging of multi-voltage substations (e.g., 750/330/110 kV)
• Voltage level verification for older Soviet-era infrastructure
• Mapping of damaged/non-operational infrastructure appropriately

Use of mapping strategies

Mapping strategies refer to Power networks/Guidelines#Mapping strategies. Once fully applied in Ukraine, contributors should document their work here.

• Search for "Unfinished major power lines" - Needs systematic review given conflict-related changes - Priority task
• Voltage validation on transmission lines - Ongoing process, priority for 750 kV network - In progress 2024-2026
• Substation completeness check - In progress for accessible regions - Ongoing
• Cross-border connection verification - Updated for new EU interconnections (2023-2024) - Completed for major links
• Generator tagging completeness - Requires extensive update given generation capacity losses - Needs systematic review
• Power plant output verification - Complex due to conflict damage - Deferred until stabilization
• Distribution network mapping - Limited progress in conflict zones - Western regions priority

Mapping recommendations and priorities

Priority Areas for Mapping:

1. High-voltage transmission backbone (220-750 kV): Continue updating main transmission corridors and major substations, especially 750 kV ring
2. International interconnections: Map all cross-border connections with accurate voltage and capacity data
3. Nuclear power plants: Ensure accurate perimeter and major facility mapping (follow security guidelines)
4. Major substations 330-750 kV: Complete mapping of all major nodal substations
5. Renewable energy facilities: Map new solar and wind installations as they come online
6. Distribution networks (35-110 kV): Improve coverage in western and central regions with stable conditions

Tagging Recommendations:

• Use operator=NPC Ukrenergo for transmission lines 220 kV and above
• Tag voltage with voltage=750000 (in volts), voltage=330000, etc.
• Use cables=* and circuits=* tags appropriately for multi-circuit lines
• Consider using operator:wikidata=Q4003456 for Ukrenergo facilities
• For nuclear plants, use operator=NJSC Energoatom and operator:wikidata=Q1318670
• Use frequency=50 for all AC lines
• For damaged infrastructure, consider using appropriate lifecycle tags only after conflict stabilization
• Use ref=* tags for official line designations when known

Data Sources for Mapping:

• Latest approved satellite imagery (Maxar, Sentinel, others)
• Official Ukrenergo network maps (where publicly available)
• ENTSO-E grid diagrams and interconnection data
• OpenInfraMap visualizations for quality control
• Historical mapping data (pre-2022) for reference
• Energy Community technical reports

Quality Assurance:

• Cross-reference with OpenInfraMap statistics
• Verify voltage levels against known substation configurations
• Check connectivity of transmission corridors (all lines should connect substations or generation)
• Validate against ENTSO-E published interconnection data
• Use JOSM validator with power network validation rules
• Check for orphaned nodes and disconnected segments

Special considerations for mapping Ukraine's power network

Conflict-Related Considerations:

1. Infrastructure status is fluid: Facilities may be damaged, repaired, damaged again, or change operational status frequently
2. Occupied territories: Exercise extreme caution when mapping or updating infrastructure in Russian-occupied areas
3. Security classification: Some operational details may be classified for security reasons - respect this
4. Humanitarian vs. military use: Consider how mapped data might be used by different actors
5. Verification challenges: Ground truth verification is difficult or impossible in many regions

Recommended Ethical Approach:

• Focus on mapping physical infrastructure that is verifiable from satellite imagery
• Avoid speculating on operational status without reliable, recent sources
• Do not map exact locations of critical control centers or security infrastructure
• Update major changes (new interconnections, major facilities) as they are publicly confirmed by official sources
• Prioritize mapping efforts in areas with stable security situations
• Coordinate with humanitarian organizations that may benefit from accurate infrastructure mapping
• When in doubt about security implications, err on the side of caution

Coordination and Resources:

• OSM Ukraine community:
  • Telegram: https://t.me/osmUA
  • Forum: https://community.openstreetmap.org/
• OpenInfraMap: https://openinframap.org/ - visualization and statistics
• Ukrenergo official website: https://ua.energy (limited English content)
• ENTSO-E transparency platform: https://transparency.entsoe.eu/
• Energy Community: https://www.energy-community.org/ - Ukraine reports and data
• Power networks guidelines: Power_networks/Guidelines

Legal and Policy Context:

• Ukraine scrapped GOST (DSTU) standards in December 2015 as part of EU integration
• Current technical standards align with European (EN/IEC) standards
• ENTSO-E membership since January 2024 means adherence to European grid codes
• OpenStreetMap data can be used for humanitarian purposes under ODbL license

References

1. NPC Ukrenergo official website: https://ua.energy
2. ENTSO-E - European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity: https://www.entsoe.eu/
3. International Energy Agency (IEA) - Ukraine Energy Reports: https://www.iea.org/countries/ukraine
4. OpenInfraMap statistics: https://openinframap.org/stats/country/UA
5. Energy Community - Ukraine country profile: https://www.energy-community.org/
6. ГОСТ 721-77 (GOST 721-77) - Nominal voltages above 1000 V
7. NJSC Energoatom official website: https://energoatom.com.ua/en/
8. Wikipedia articles on Ukraine's electricity sector and nuclear power
9. Energy Market Observatory reports (Energy Community): https://www.energy-community.org/
10. IAEA reports on Ukraine nuclear facilities: https://www.iaea.org/

Current status note (January 2026)

Ukraine's power system continues to operate under extraordinary circumstances following nearly three years of full-scale conflict. While the country has achieved remarkable resilience through:

• Emergency synchronization with the Continental European grid (March 2022)
• Deployment of distributed generation and energy storage
• Rapid repairs of damaged infrastructure
• Establishment of 2.1 GW import capacity from EU neighbors
• Installation of protective infrastructure at critical facilities

The power infrastructure remains under ongoing stress from:

• Military attacks targeting energy facilities
• Loss of Zaporizhzhia NPP (6 GW) due to occupation
• Destruction of ~70% of thermal generation capacity
• Damage to transmission and distribution networks
• Reduced total available capacity to 9-13 GW (from 56 GW pre-2022)

The OSM community should approach mapping with sensitivity to security concerns while maintaining the valuable resource that accurate infrastructure data provides for:

• Reconstruction planning
• Humanitarian relief operations
• Energy sector analysis
• European grid integration support

For the most current operational information, consult official sources from Ukrenergo, Energoatom, and ENTSO-E. The situation remains dynamic, and this article should be updated as significant changes occur or as security conditions permit more detailed documentation.

Last major update: January 2026