Osm2pgsql/benchmarks

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Background

Benchmarks of osm2pgsql are important metrics for users to reference because importing OSM data is highly dependent on machine hardware and software configurations. Importing a complete planet file can take days even on a typical higher end desktop machine. Importing an extract(subset) of the planet file can take considerably less time to import and should be used if possible for your import instead of the planet file.

What affects import time?

Partial list of variables that affect the time it takes to import.

  • Hardware
    • Hard disk throughput ( HDD, SSD )
    • RAM size
    • CPU
  • Operating system
    • OS used and 32 bit or 64 bit version
    • linux disk scheduler ( CFG, noop, deadline, ... )
    • linux file system ( ext4/LVM , xfs/raid, ...)
  • Database
    • Version
      • PostgreSQL 8.2 and PostGIS 1.5
      • PostgreSQL 9.1 and PostGIS 2.0
      • PostgreSQL 9.2 and PostGIS 2.1
      • ...
    • PostgreSQL config settings ( postgresql.conf )
      • shared_buffers
      • work_mem
      • maintanance_work_mem
      • synchronous_commits
      • fsync
      • autovacuum
      • checkpoint_segments
      • ...
  • Osm2pgsql application
    • osm2pgsql version ( 32bit, 64bit )
    • parameters
      • "Slim Mode" or not
      • Size of the node cache (-C command line argument)
      • Flat node storage
      • Hstore / style
      • Parallelisation ( --number-processes )
  • Use case
    • size of the import file : Full planet or Extracts
    • input reader and input file format
      • the experimental 'primitive' XML parser reads OSM XML input about 30% faster than the default 'libxml2' reader (but seams it currently as a bug in supporting some xml entities such as ' )
      • the 'pbf' input reader reads OSM PBF files about twice as fast as the 'libxml2' parser parses an equivalent OSM XML file
    • other customisation ( special index )

more info - see Frederik Ramm: Optimising the Mapnik/osm2pgsql Rendering Toolchain 2.0 @ SOTM 2012

Example Output

The following is sample output generated while importing a planet file using osm2pgsql for reference. The linux time command was used in this example to output the amount of time it took for osm2pgsql to finish. Note the NOTICE lines are normal when importing into an empty database. 

~/osm2pgsql$ time osm2pgsql -s -v -U mapper -S ./default.style -d gis -C 3000 ../planet/planet-100324.osm.bz2
osm2pgsql SVN version 0.69-20672

Using projection SRS 900913 (Spherical Mercator)
Setting up table: planet_osm_point
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_point" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_point_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Setting up table: planet_osm_line
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_line" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_line_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Setting up table: planet_osm_polygon
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_polygon" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_polygon_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Setting up table: planet_osm_roads
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_roads" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_roads_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Mid: pgsql, scale=100, cache=3000MB, maxblocks=384001*8192
Setting up table: planet_osm_nodes
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_nodes" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "planet_osm_nodes_pkey" for table "planet_osm_nodes"
Setting up table: planet_osm_ways
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_ways" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "planet_osm_ways_pkey" for table "planet_osm_ways"
Setting up table: planet_osm_rels
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_rels" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "planet_osm_rels_pkey" for table "planet_osm_rels"

Reading in file: ../planet/planet-100324.osm.bz2
Processing: Node(574797k) Way(43465k) Relation(87k)
excepton caught processing way id=110802

excepton caught processing way id=110803
Processing: Node(574797k) Way(43465k) Relation(465k)
Node stats: total(574797076), max(673005476)
Way stats: total(43465572), max(53189409)
Relation stats: total(465800), max(533629)

Going over pending ways
processing way (12179k)

Going over pending relations

node cache: stored: 386841238(67.30%), storage efficiency: 98.38%, hit rate: 65.63%
Committing transaction for planet_osm_roads
Committing transaction for planet_osm_polygon
Committing transaction for planet_osm_line
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_polygon
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_roads
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_line
Committing transaction for planet_osm_point
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_point
Completed planet_osm_point
Completed planet_osm_roads
Completed planet_osm_polygon
Stopping table: planet_osm_nodes
Stopping table: planet_osm_rels
Stopping table: planet_osm_ways
Building index on table: planet_osm_rels
Stopped table: planet_osm_nodes
Building index on table: planet_osm_ways
Stopped table: planet_osm_rels
Completed planet_osm_line
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways


real	2985m27.269s
user	327m47.240s
sys	35m32.480s

Explanation and progressbar

If you want to know how far the import has gone, see the statistics and compare it with "Processing: Node" section of the output. Note that processing relation takes approximately 10 times as processing a way (which takes approximately 10 times processing a node). In my case, nodes were processed at 40.8k/s, ways at 0.13k/s and relations at ..k/s. Also, closing a table take approximately as long as importing the data. So if you finished importing the nodes, you are roughly 1/6 into total import.

Benchmarks

List of benchmarks contributed by users. Currently simply using time command to return length of time' it takes osm2pgsql task to complete. If you do not have time available please provide some other meaningful metric. Better organization and formatting standard for this section is needed.

Update performance osm2pgsql classic vs. persistent node cache

While import performance was of great importance when it took weeks, today it is really more interesting to improve the time it takes to catch up and update the database. For example in the above example it takes 24 hours to import and much longer to catch up with the current diffs. Even assuming a planet dump can be downloaded in a couple of hours, an installation will have to catch up at least the 3 days it takes to actually produce the dump. Further experience shows that rendering and updating tend to impact eachother leading to installations falling substantially behind over time.

Kai Krüger has added an experimental "persistent" node cache mode to osm2pgsql that promises some improvements. To see if this is actually the case I ran a further import on above HW with the persitent node cache enabled and updated the DB for a while.

Results for 15x6h updates starting 1st August 2012:

osm2pgsql classic: 36 hours

osm2pgsql experimental: 27.7 hours

Notes:

  • in both cases osm2pgsql was ran with -number-processes 1, both numbers would be substantially lower if ran with more parallel processes however there is currently an issue with this with the persistent node cache. Note this issue has been fixed in the mean time.
  • not all 6h updates showed the same performance gains, this probably warrants further investigation.
  • no significant difference in import time.

As a further comparision numbers from the fastet installation I currently have ( Intel E5-1650): 4.8h

Planet import on custom E5-1650 (32GB RAM - 6 cores)

  • Intel E5-1650
  • 32GB ECC RAM
  • Supermicro X9SRA motherboard
  • Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
  • PostgreSQL 9.1 (note: these settings are for import only)
    • shared_buffers = 4GB
    • work_mem = 100MB
    • effective_io_concurrency = 2
    • fsync = off (import only!)
    • synchronous_commit = off
    • full_page_writes = off
    • checkpoint_segments = 100
    • checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9
    • autovacuum = off (import only!)
  • Kai Krüger tile server packages
  • osm2pgsql SVN version 0.80.0 (64bit id space)
  • Planet from 2012-07-04
  • 1 x Intel 520 120GB SSD - / (OS etc)
  • 1 x OCZ Agility 3 240GB SSD - rendering database without slim tables
  • 2 x WD VelociRaptor WD1000DHTZ, 10'000rpm, 64MB, 1TB, SATA-3 in software RAID 1 - pg_xlog, slim tables and indices
  • 2 x Seagate Barracuda 3TB, 7200rpm, 64MB, 3TB, SATA-3 in software RAID 1
  • Notes:
    • using the deadline I/O scheduler on the SSD has no apparent effect in Ubuntu 12.04
    • if you don't want or need ECC support, a core i7 39xx processor will give the same performance with substantially cheaper memory. For example a Hetzner EX10 with a 240GB SSD should give even better performance (due to more memory).
    • increasing maintenance_work_mem over 4GB had no significant effect, except that with 16GB the import process became very slow.

No hstore

  • DB config
    • effective_cache_size = 16GB
    • maintenance_work_mem = 1GB
  • time /usr/local/bin/osm2pgsql -r pbf --tablespace-main-index gisidx --tablespace-slim-data gisslim --tablespace-slim-index gisslimidx --slim -C 16000 --number-processes 6 planet-120704.osm.pbf
Processing: Node(1507455k 311.7k/s) Way(141480k 38.61k/s) Relation(1469760 74.91/s)  parse time: 28120s
Node stats: total(1507455627), max(1812375450) in 4836s
Way stats: total(141480878), max(170086664) in 3664s
Relation stats: total(1469765), max(2263585) in 19620s

Pending ways took 6071s at a rate of 13397.84/s
Pending relations took 1s at a rate of 0.00/s

All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 682s
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 1340s
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 3723s
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 4274s
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 23804s

Osm2pgsql took 57999s overall (16.1 hours)

real    966m38.279s
user    324m38.769s
sys     45m51.064s
  • DB config
    • effective_cache_size = 28GB
    • maintenance_work_mem = 4GB (setting this to 16GB led to extremely long indexing run times, probably would require more memory in the machine)
  • time /usr/local/bin/osm2pgsql -r pbf --tablespace-main-index gisidx --tablespace-slim-data gisslim --tablespace-slim-index gisslimidx --slim -C 16000 --number-processes 6 planet-120704.osm.pbf
Processing: Node(1507455k 299.8k/s) Way(141480k 38.37k/s) Relation(1469760 75.33/s)  parse time: 28227s

Node stats: total(1507455627), max(1812375450) in 5028s
Way stats: total(141480878), max(170086664) in 3687s
Relation stats: total(1469765), max(2263585) in 19512s

81338263 Pending ways took 5986s at a rate of 13588.08/s
0 Pending relations took 1s at a rate of 0.00/s

All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 766s
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 1366s
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 4028s
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 17558s

Osm2pgsql took 51778s overall (14.4 hours)

real    862m58.007s
user    325m26.384s
sys     42m20.939s


  • DB config
    • effective_cache_size = 28GB
    • maintenance_work_mem = 4GB (setting this to 16GB led to extremely long indexing run times, probably would require more memory in the machine)
  • Indices of the slim tables moved to SSD
    • time /usr/local/bin/osm2pgsql -r pbf --tablespace-main-index gisidx --tablespace-slim-data gisslim --tablespace-slim-index gisidx --slim -C 16000 --number-processes 6 planet-120704.osm.pbf
    • SSD usage after import: /dev/sdb1 234152908 181270760 41160648 82% /db


Processing: Node(1507455k 301.6k/s) Way(141480k 37.49k/s) Relation(1469760 81.71/s)  parse time: 26760s

Node stats: total(1507455627), max(1812375450) in 4998s
Way stats: total(141480878), max(170086664) in 3774s
Relation stats: total(1469765), max(2263585) in 17988s

81338263 Pending ways took 6158s at a rate of 13208.55/s
0 Pending relations took 1s at a rate of 0.00/s

All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 760s
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 1395s
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 3950s
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 4449s
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 7086s

Osm2pgsql took 40016s overall (11.1 hours)

real    666m56.457s
user    335m7.557s
sys     40m0.366s

Pro memoria: base tablespace 49GB, gisidx 14GB, gisslim 112GB, gisslimidx 114GB

With hstore

  • DB config
    • effective_cache_size = 28GB
    • maintenance_work_mem = 8GB (note no difference to using 4GB)
  • Slim indices on SSD
    • time /usr/local/bin/osm2pgsql -r pbf --tablespace-main-index gisidx --tablespace-slim-data gisslim --tablespace-slim-index gisidx --slim -C 16000 --number-processes 6 --hstore planet-120704.osm.pbf
    • SSD usage /dev/sdb1 234152908 197481692 24949716 89% /db
    • slim tables ~128GB
Processing: Node(1507455k 297.3k/s) Way(141480k 34.32k/s) Relation(1469760 74.25/s)  parse time: 28990s

Node stats: total(1507455627), max(1812375450) in 5071s
Way stats: total(141480878), max(170086664) in 4123s
Relation stats: total(1469765), max(2263585) in 19796s

81560808 Pending ways took 6559s at a rate of 12434.95/s
0 Pending relations took 2s at a rate of 0.00/s

All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 822s
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 2106s
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 4402s
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 4794s
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 7116s

Osm2pgsql took 42685s overall (11.9 hours)

real    711m24.621s
user    351m38.131s
sys     41m8.714s

No hstore, persistent node cache

Persistent node cache located on Intel SSD. Slim DB indices down from ~120GB to 81GB and slim DB tables down from ~120GB to 46GB

  • DB config
    • effective_cache_size = 16GB
    • maintenance_work_mem = 1GB
  • time /usr/local/bin/osm2pgsql -r pbf --tablespace-main-index gisidx --tablespace-slim-data gisslim --tablespace-slim-index gisslimidx --slim -C 16000 --number-processes 6 --flat-nodes node.cache planet-120704.osm.pbf
Processing: Node(1507455k 1779.8k/s) Way(141480k 37.74k/s) Relation(1469760 74.66/s)  parse time: 24282s
Node stats: total(1507455627), max(1812375450) in 847s
Way stats: total(141480878), max(170086664) in 3749s
Relation stats: total(1469765), max(2263585) in 19686s

Pending ways took 7113s at a rate of 11435.16/s
Pending relations took 2s at a rate of 0.00/s

All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 738s
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 1354s
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 3895s
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 4375s
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 26922s

Osm2pgsql took 58330s overall (16.2 hours)

real    972m10.578s
user    317m51.896s
sys     97m48.319s

Flat file node cache located on Intel SSD. Complete DB located on 240GB DB.

  • DB config
    • effective_cache_size = 28GB
    • maintenance_work_mem = 4GB
  • time /usr/local/bin/osm2pgsql -r pbf --tablespace-main-index gisidx --tablespace-slim-data gisidx --tablespace-slim-index gisidx --slim -C 16000 --number-processes 6 --flat-nodes node.cache planet-120704.osm.pbf
  • SSD usage after import: /dev/sdb1 234152908 193942684 28488724 88% /db
Processing: Node(1507455k 1765.2k/s) Way(141480k 39.04k/s) Relation(1469760 129.80/s)  parse time: 15802s

Node stats: total(1507455627), max(1812375450) in 854s
Way stats: total(141480878), max(170086664) in 3624s
Relation stats: total(1469765), max(2263585) in 11324s

81338263 Pending ways took 5196s at a rate of 15654.02/s
0 Pending relations took 1s at a rate of 0.00/s

All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 773s
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 1480s
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 4232s
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 4798s
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 7163s

Osm2pgsql took 28165s overall (7.8 hours)

real    469m24.696s
user    312m14.919s
sys     38m22.284s

Planet import on custom server VM (10 cores, 24 GB, RAID5)

Same configuration as Osm2pgsql/benchmarks#Planet_import_on_custom_server_VM_.2810_cores.2C_16_GB.2C_RAID5.29, except for 8 GB more RAM and i used -C 23500.

Osm2pgsql took 393,444s overall (4.5 days)

See full osm2pgsql session

IBM LS21 blade (4 opteron cores @ 2.4GHz / 8GB RAM) with SSD

Less than 3 hours to import France extract Diff updates: 1 hour in 5-20s

12h30 for Europe extract import

See full hard/soft/parameters and osm2pgsql sessions

Dell PowerEdge R520 2 x Xeon E5-2420@1.9Ghz (12 cores) 128GB RAM

  • Slackware Linux 14 64-bit, XFS filesystems, 24 logical CPUs
  • PostgreSQL 9.1.8
  • Postgres on 6x600GB 15kRPM SAS drives in RAID6 (PERC H710p)
  • Planet pbf file on 2x2TB 7.2kRPM SAS in RAID1 (PERC H710p)
/usr/local/bin/osm2pgsql -U mapnik -P 5432 -r pbf --slim --create -C 16000  --number-processes 12 --hstore --flat-nodes /home/node.cache /storage/planet/planet-130313.osm.pbf 
All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 1716s
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 3727s
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 11446s
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 11841s
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 21888s
Osm2pgsql took 71613s overall (~20h, 20GB planet pbf)
  • It was 2nd run on this machine, and it's sure results could be better. Seems CPU was bottleneck here.
  • shared_buffers=20GB
  • temp_buffers=100MB
  • work_mem=1GB
  • maintenance_work_mem=4GB
  • checkpoint_segments = 400
  • checkpoint_timeout = 1h
  • fsync=off
  • autovacuum=off
  • effective_io_concurrency = 6
I'll greatly appreciate an expert advice on postgres configuration.
tomasz (@t) salwach.pl


AWS RDS db.m2.2xlarge, 600GB storage, 6000 provisioned IOPS

  • load was performed from another EC2 instance
  • total import time: 116004s
osm2pgsql -U gisuser --slim -C 20000 -d gis --host myhost --flat-nodes=flat.file --number-processes 12 --hstore ./planet-latest.osm.pbf

osm2pgsql SVN version 0.85.0 (64bit id space)

Using projection SRS 900913 (Spherical Mercator)
Setting up table: planet_osm_point
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_point_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Setting up table: planet_osm_line
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_line_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Setting up table: planet_osm_polygon
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_polygon_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Setting up table: planet_osm_roads
NOTICE:  table "planet_osm_roads_tmp" does not exist, skipping
Allocating memory for dense node cache
Allocating dense node cache in one big chunk
Allocating memory for sparse node cache
Sharing dense sparse
Node-cache: cache=20000MB, maxblocks=2560000*8192, allocation method=11
Mid: loading persistent node cache from flat.file
Allocated space for persistent node cache file
Maximum node in persistent node cache: 0
Mid: pgsql, scale=100 cache=20000
Setting up table: planet_osm_nodes
Setting up table: planet_osm_ways
Setting up table: planet_osm_rels

Reading in file: ./planet-latest.osm.pbf

Node stats: total(2084251660), max(2530028096) in 1974s
Way stats: total(204149024), max(245905425) in 10574s
Relation stats: total(2234511), max(3322905) in 25338s
Committing transaction for planet_osm_point
Committing transaction for planet_osm_line
Committing transaction for planet_osm_polygon
Committing transaction for planet_osm_roads

Going over pending ways...
Maximum node in persistent node cache: 2530213887
	125034024 ways are pending

Using 12 helper-processes
...

All child processes exited

125034024 Pending ways took 23071s at a rate of 5419.53/s
Committing transaction for planet_osm_point
Committing transaction for planet_osm_line
Committing transaction for planet_osm_polygon
Committing transaction for planet_osm_roads

Going over pending relations...
Maximum node in persistent node cache: 2530213887
	0 relations are pending

Using 12 helper-processes
...

All child processes exited
0 Pending relations took 69s at a rate of 0.00/s

Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_point
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_line
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_polygon
node cache: stored: 2084251660(100.00%), storage efficiency: 86.72% (dense blocks: 2199604, sparse nodes: 75448717), hit rate: 100.00%
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_roads
Maximum node in persistent node cache: 2530213887
Stopping table: planet_osm_nodes
Stopping table: planet_osm_ways
Stopping table: planet_osm_rels
Building index on table: planet_osm_ways (fastupdate=off)
Building index on table: planet_osm_rels (fastupdate=off)
Stopped table: planet_osm_nodes in 0s
Stopped table: planet_osm_rels in 407s
Analyzing planet_osm_roads finished
Analyzing planet_osm_line finished
Analyzing planet_osm_polygon finished
Analyzing planet_osm_point finished
Copying planet_osm_roads to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on  planet_osm_roads
Creating osm_id index on  planet_osm_roads
Creating indexes on  planet_osm_roads finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 6883s
Completed planet_osm_roads
Copying planet_osm_point to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on  planet_osm_point
Creating osm_id index on  planet_osm_point
Creating indexes on  planet_osm_point finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 9503s
Completed planet_osm_point
Copying planet_osm_line to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on  planet_osm_line
Creating osm_id index on  planet_osm_line
Creating indexes on  planet_osm_line finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 28117s
Completed planet_osm_line
Copying planet_osm_polygon to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on  planet_osm_polygon
Creating osm_id index on  planet_osm_polygon
Creating indexes on  planet_osm_polygon finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 37781s
Completed planet_osm_polygon
Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 54957s

Osm2pgsql took 116004s overall

Parallels Virtual Machine on 15 inch Retina MacBook Pro (Early 2013)

  • 2.7GHz Core i7 (3rd Gen)
  • 16GB RAM
  • 512GB SSD
  • OSX 10.9.3

VM Configuration

  • Parallels 9
  • Ubuntu 12.04
  • 6 of 8 available cores
  • 12GB RAM
  • 410GB 'expanding' drive
-s : store temp data in the database. saves RAM. enables future updating.
-d gis : Use the 'gis' database.
-C 10240 : use 10GB of RAM to cache nodes for processing.
--number-processes 5 : use up to 5 processes
--flat-nodes /usr/local/share/flat_nodes/nodes.flat : Store nodes in a file rather than in the database

osm2pgsql -s -d gis -C 10240 --number-processes 5 --flat-nodes /usr/local/share/flat_nodes/nodes.flat ~/planet/planet-latest.osm.pbf

Processing: Node(2407993k 1722.5k/s) Way(240538k 15.03k/s) Relation(2651850 139.00/s)  parse time: 36485s

Committing transaction for planet_osm_point
Committing transaction for planet_osm_line
Committing transaction for planet_osm_polygon
Committing transaction for planet_osm_roads

Going over pending ways...
WARNING: Failed to fork helper processes. Falling back to only using 1 
153417313 Pending ways took 55154s at a rate of 2781.62/s

Committing transaction for planet_osm_point
Committing transaction for planet_osm_line
Committing transaction for planet_osm_polygon
Committing transaction for planet_osm_roads

Going over pending relations...
0 Pending relations took 2s at a rate of 0.00/s

Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_line
node cache: stored: 1270253309(52.75%), storage efficiency: 94.64% (dense blocks: 1200297, sparse nodes: 56537016), hit rate: -151.30%
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_polygon
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_point
Sorting data and creating indexes for planet_osm_roads
Maximum node in persistent node cache: 2932867071

Stopping table: planet_osm_nodes
Stopping table: planet_osm_ways
Stopped table: planet_osm_nodes in 0s
Stopping table: planet_osm_rels

Building index on table: planet_osm_rels (fastupdate=off)
Building index on table: planet_osm_ways (fastupdate=off)

Analyzing planet_osm_point finished
Analyzing planet_osm_line finished
Analyzing planet_osm_polygon finished
Analyzing planet_osm_roads finished

Stopped table: planet_osm_rels in 389s

Copying planet_osm_roads to cluster by geometry finished
Copying planet_osm_point to cluster by geometry finished

Creating indexes on  planet_osm_roads finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_roads created  in 4041s
Completed planet_osm_roads

Creating indexes on  planet_osm_point finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_point created  in 7745s
Completed planet_osm_point

Copying planet_osm_line to cluster by geometry finished
Creating indexes on  planet_osm_line finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_line created  in 22119s
Completed planet_osm_line

Copying planet_osm_polygon to cluster by geometry finished
Creating indexes on  planet_osm_polygon finished
All indexes on  planet_osm_polygon created  in 33888s
Completed planet_osm_polygon

Stopped table: planet_osm_ways in 61265s

Osm2pgsql took 152995s overall (45.5 hours)

NOTES:

  • I had to use osm2pgsql 0.81 as the current git version (0.85) crashed while processing relations (twice)
  • I also upgraded libgoes from 3.2.2 to 3.3.9 while attempting to fix the above crash. It didn't fix it, but I stuck with the new version.
  • The parallels image file grew to 414GB. My '410GB' expanding drive was 98% full at the end. I would recommend making your drive as big as possible.
  • My mac actually ran out of space about 30 hours in (though the VM drive thought it had more space because parallels allows you to make expanding drives as big as you like). Thankfully the VM paused while I freed up more space and didn't crash the import process

Desktop Core i7 3770 + 16GB RAM + SSD

See : Osm2pgsql/benchmarks/i7-3770-SSD

Europe import on Windows Server 2012 HDD

Whole process took only ~ 15 days :-) 

PS C:\OSM\rendering> osm2pgsql -U postgres -m -d osm -p osm -E 3857 -s -S C:\OSM\osm2pgsql\default.style C:\OSM\Data\eur
ope-latest.osm.pbf
osm2pgsql version 0.92.0 (64 bit id space)

Using built-in tag processing pipeline
Using projection SRS 3857 (Spherical Mercator)
Setting up table: osm_point
Setting up table: osm_line
Setting up table: osm_polygon
Setting up table: osm_roads
Allocating memory for sparse node cache
Node-cache: cache=800MB, maxblocks=12800*65536, allocation method=9
Mid: pgsql, scale=100 cache=800
Setting up table: osm_nodes
Setting up table: osm_ways
Setting up table: osm_rels

Reading in file: C:\OSM\Data\europe-latest.osm.pbf
Using PBF parser.
Processing: Node(1827652k 131.7k/s) Way(223763k 0.78k/s) Relation(3148140 15.84/s)
Standard exception processing relation id=6540291: TopologyException: side location conflict at -85245.029999999999 6666
499.7699999996
Processing: Node(1827652k 131.7k/s) Way(223763k 0.78k/s) Relation(3254340 15.98/s)
Standard exception processing relation id=6752256: TopologyException: side location conflict at 538047.93000000005 56717
07.1900000004
Processing: Node(1827652k 131.7k/s) Way(223763k 0.78k/s) Relation(3316870 16.07/s)  parse time: 507324s [5d20h55m]
Node stats: total(1827652739), max(4604487172) in 13878s      [3h51m]
Way stats: total(223763746), max(465494091) in 287105s     [3d07h45m]
Relation stats: total(3316871), max(6875737) in 206341s    [2d09h19m]
Committing transaction for osm_point
Committing transaction for osm_line
Committing transaction for osm_polygon
Committing transaction for osm_roads
Setting up table: osm_nodes
Setting up table: osm_ways
Setting up table: osm_rels
Using built-in tag processing pipeline

Going over pending ways...
        165944299 ways are pending

Using 8 helper-processes
Finished processing 165944299 ways in 200997 s             [2d07h49m]

165944299 Pending ways took 200997s at a rate of 825.61/s
Committing transaction for osm_point
Committing transaction for osm_line
Committing transaction for osm_polygon
Committing transaction for osm_roads

Going over pending relations...
        0 relations are pending

Using 8 helper-processes
Finished processing 0 relations in 0 s

Committing transaction for osm_point
WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
Committing transaction for osm_line
WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
Committing transaction for osm_polygon
WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
Committing transaction for osm_roads
WARNING:  there is no transaction in progress
Sorting data and creating indexes for osm_point
Sorting data and creating indexes for osm_roads
Sorting data and creating indexes for osm_polygon
Sorting data and creating indexes for osm_line
Stopping table: osm_nodes
Stopped table: osm_nodes in 0s
Stopping table: osm_ways
Building index on table: osm_ways
Stopping table: osm_rels
Building index on table: osm_rels
Copying osm_roads to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on osm_roads
Creating osm_id index on osm_roads
Creating indexes on osm_roads finished
All indexes on osm_roads created in 13205s        [3h40m]
Completed osm_roads
Copying osm_point to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on osm_point
Creating osm_id index on osm_point
Creating indexes on osm_point finished
All indexes on osm_point created in 30703s        [8h31m]
Completed osm_point
Stopped table: osm_rels in 51844s
Copying osm_line to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on osm_line
Creating osm_id index on osm_line
Creating indexes on osm_line finished
All indexes on osm_line created in 103561s     [1d04h46m]
Completed osm_line
Copying osm_polygon to cluster by geometry finished
Creating geometry index on osm_polygon
Creating osm_id index on osm_polygon
Creating indexes on osm_polygon finished
All indexes on osm_polygon created in 324884s  [3d18h14m]
Completed osm_polygon
Stopped table: osm_ways in 562079s             [6d12h57m]
node cache: stored: 52428801(2.87%), storage efficiency: 50.00% (dense blocks: 0, sparse nodes: 52428801), hit rate: -6. 78%

Osm2pgsql took 1270744s overall               [14d18h59m]

Planet import on Ubuntu 17.10 NVMe

  • all work done in November 2017
  • Hardware
    • Hetzner PX61-NVMe
    • Intel® Xeon® E3-1275 v5 Quad-Core
    • 2 x 512 GB NVMe Gen3 x4 SSD
    • 1x 960 GB 6 Gb/s SSD Datacenter Edition
    • 64 GB ECC DDR4
  • Software
    • Ubuntu 17.10
    • PostgreSQL 10.1 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 6.3.0-12ubuntu2) 6.3.0 20170406, 64-bit
    • POSTGIS="2.4.1 r16012" PGSQL="100" GEOS="3.5.1-CAPI-1.9.1 r4246" PROJ="Rel. 4.9.3, 15 August 2016" GDAL="GDAL 2.2.1, released 2017/06/23" LIBXML="2.9.4" LIBJSON="0.12.1" LIBPROTOBUF="1.2.1" RASTER
    • osm2pgsql version 0.92.1 (64 bit id space)
    • German OSM-Carto-Style with hstore-only schema
  • PostgreSQL configuration
    • /etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf
shared_buffers = 14GB
work_mem = 1GB                          
maintenance_work_mem = 8GB

effective_io_concurrency = 500          
max_worker_processes = 8                
max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2     
max_parallel_workers = 8                

checkpoint_timeout = 1h         
max_wal_size = 5GB
min_wal_size = 1GB
checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9      

random_page_cost = 1.1                  
min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB
min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB
effective_cache_size = 22GB
  • OSM2PGSQL
 osm2pgsql -c -E 3857 -p planet_osm_hstore -d gisdb -H /var/run/postgresql/ -C 28000 -G --hstore  --style /projects/openstreetmap-carto-de/hstore-only.style --tag-transform-script /projects/openstreetmap-carto-de/openstreetmap-carto.lua --number-processes 8  --tablespace-main-data ssd2 --tablespace-main-index ssd1 --tablespace-slim-data ssd2 --tablespace-slim-index ssd1 --flat-nodes /projects/nodecache/node.cache  --slim  /projects/downloads/planet-latest.osm.pbf

Using projection SRS 3857 (Spherical Mercator)
Setting up table: planet_osm_hstore_point
Setting up table: planet_osm_hstore_line
Setting up table: planet_osm_hstore_polygon
Setting up table: planet_osm_hstore_roads
Allocating memory for dense node cache
Allocating dense node cache in one big chunk
Allocating memory for sparse node cache
Sharing dense sparse
Node-cache: cache=28000MB, maxblocks=448000*65536, allocation method=11
Mid: pgsql, scale=100 cache=28000
Setting up table: planet_osm_hstore_nodes
Setting up table: planet_osm_hstore_ways
Setting up table: planet_osm_hstore_rels

Reading in file: planet-latest.osm.pbf
Using PBF parser.

Processing: Node(4181183k 1034.2k/s) Way(451967k 26.84k/s) Relation(5368700 584.13/s)  parse time: 30073s
Node stats: total(4181183058), max(5225692843) in 4043s
Way stats: total(451967894), max(540101215) in 16839s
Relation stats: total(5368704), max(7729119) in 9191s

Finished processing 304423213 ways in 8016 s

304423213 Pending ways took 8016s at a rate of 37976.95/s

Stopped table: planet_osm_hstore_nodes in 0s
Stopped table: planet_osm_hstore_rels in 649s
All indexes on planet_osm_hstore_roads created in 1810s
All indexes on planet_osm_hstore_point created in 7406s
All indexes on planet_osm_hstore_line created in 10446s
All indexes on planet_osm_hstore_polygon created in 16379s
Stopped table: planet_osm_hstore_ways in 31478s
node cache: stored: 3255953602(77.87%), storage efficiency: 88.72% (dense blocks: 416059, sparse nodes: 130831138), hit rate: 76.37%

Osm2pgsql took 69595s overall
  • resulting tables
 \d+

 Schema |           Name            | Type  |  Owner   |    Size    | Description 
--------+---------------------------+-------+----------+------------+-------------
 public | geography_columns         | view  | postgres | 0 bytes    | 
 public | geometry_columns          | view  | postgres | 0 bytes    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_line    | table | gisuser  | 61 GB      | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_nodes   | table | gisuser  | 8192 bytes | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_point   | table | gisuser  | 14 GB      | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_polygon | table | gisuser  | 91 GB      | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_rels    | table | gisuser  | 2655 MB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_roads   | table | gisuser  | 10196 MB   | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_ways    | table | gisuser  | 106 GB     | 
 public | spatial_ref_sys           | table | postgres | 4440 kB    | 

 \di+ 

 Schema |              Name               | Type  |  Owner   |           Table           |    Size    | Description 
--------+---------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------------+------------+-------------
 public | idx_country_osm_grid_geometry   | index | postgres | country_osm_grid          | 1200 kB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_line_index    | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_line    | 15 GB      | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_line_pkey     | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_line    | 3224 MB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_nodes_pkey    | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_nodes   | 8192 bytes | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_point_index   | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_point   | 5353 MB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_point_pkey    | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_point   | 2139 MB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_polygon_index | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_polygon | 31 GB      | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_polygon_pkey  | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_polygon | 6596 MB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_rels_parts    | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_rels    | 2024 MB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_rels_pkey     | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_rels    | 116 MB     | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_roads_index   | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_roads   | 1252 MB    | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_roads_pkey    | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_roads   | 333 MB     | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_ways_nodes    | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_ways    | 207 GB     | 
 public | planet_osm_hstore_ways_pkey     | index | gisuser  | planet_osm_hstore_ways    | 9722 MB    | 
 public | spatial_ref_sys_pkey            | index | postgres | spatial_ref_sys           | 200 kB     |
  • Conclusions
    • 2 x 512GB was enough for full planet import using -slim and unlogged tables, import time about 12 hours with full planet
    • for updatable database it was too much tablespace shuffling
    • additional 1TB SSD was finally working with continuous updates
    • for updates osmosis + osm2pgsql is used
    • catching up 6 days took about 6 hours, minutly updates 2-20 seconds (depending on count and size on changesets)
    • PostgreSQL settings are working well, but it is bound to the hardware in use (DONT copy & paste blindly!)
    • unsure if the parallel settings had positive effect
    • flat nodes files best kept on fastest disk
    • if import is interrupted, not all is lost. If it happens during index generation, you can manually create indexes.
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