Proposal:Charging connectors

Charging connectors
Proposal status:	Proposed (under way)
Proposed by:	Kevinq
Draft started:	2024-03-20
RFC start:	2024-03-21

Proposal

Clean-up and Standardization of Electric Vehicle Charging Tagging

The tagging system for electric vehicle charging connectors within OpenStreetMap exhibits considerable inconsistency and confusion.

This proposal aims to clarify and standardize the tagging system to reflect current standards and practices. It addresses the misuse of tags related to Tesla charging standards and proposes the introduction of new tags to accurately differentiate between plugs/sockets and AC/DC.

While this proposal focuses on EV charging, the changes can also be applied to other chargers.

Rationale

Difference between socket and plug. Left on the car the socket, right on the cable the plug.

Most plugs are currently tagged as socket:*, which is misleading as a plug isn't the same as a socket.
Many Tesla Superchargers in Europe are tagged with socket:tesla_supercharger_ccs witch is basically the existing socket:type2_combo with a brand addition.
DC Chargers for Cars are as of now always fixed cables with a plug, while AC can be also a socket without cable. there exist currently the workaround socket:type2_cable.
Outside of the Car world DC chargers can also be sockets, like USB-C.
There exist currently the socket:tesla_supercharger tagging, which again implies a specific type of charging station in the socket, more over it has a different meaning in the US than in EU.
Some Plugs can be used for both, AC and DC. For Example the NACS Plug. It can also happen that a Plug that is usually used for AC is used for DC, like the Type2 Plug on older Tesla Superchargers in Europe, where the AC Pins are used to deliver DC. (currently tagged as socket:tesla_supercharger)
The NACS Plug is currently tagged as socket:tesla_supercharger, socket:tesla_standard and socket:tesla_destination. Which tells more about the type of charger than about the plug, and again can have different meanings in different countries.

AC / DC

Possible use cases of the type2 connector, as advertised by the manufacturer. Only the first and last option are standardized within CCS.

AC and DC Charging makes a huge difference in car charging. With AC the actual charger sits inside the car. AC Charging Stations are not much different than a simple plug with a switch to the Electrical grid. AC Stations don't transform any energy, and don't control the power output besides a simple on/off switch. The Output in Europe is usually 22 or 11 kW.

DC stations need transformers to change the AC from the grid to DC. They have a direct connection to the battery and are constantly communicating with the car, negotiating voltage and power. The accepted voltage and Power is depended on many factors like Battery size, Temperature, SOC, Balance, Health etc. This makes DC chargers much more complex and expensive. Charging stations can have multiple Cables for DC but might only support one car at a time, because they would otherwise need a multiple of all the expensive stuff, while an AC stations just needs an additional switch.

So a charging Station with two AC and Two DC Plugs might support a Total of 3 cars, but only one on the DC end.

Tagging Suggestion

I suggest this as the new tagging.

• Create a new namespace plug:* in addition to socket to differentiate between plugs and sockets.
• Add the suffixes ac and dc to plug:* socket:* and capacity to define if it supports AC or DC. Can be omitted on plugs/sockets which are only standardized for one of it, and are used according to the standard. No or 0 means no support, Yes means support, a positive integer defines the number of plugs that support this.
• Eliminate socket:tesla_supercharger, socket:tesla_supercharger_ccs, and socket:tesla_destination tags due to their misleading and inconsistent use.
• Replace socket:tesla_standard with plug/socket:nacs to reflect the current naming standard.
• Omit socket:type2_cable as this can be now described as plug:type2
• add socket/plug:chaoJi for CHAdeMO 3.0

Tagging examples

New Tagging	Old Tagging	Description
plug:type2_combo=1	socket:tesla_supercharger_ccs=1	A Tesla Superchargers with CCS2 Plug
plug:type2=1	socket:type2_cable=1	A charging Station with Type2 Plug (AC)
socket:type2=1	socket:type2=1	A charging Station with Type2 Socket (AC)
plug:nacs=1 plug:nacs:dc=yes	socket:tesla_standard=1	A NACS plug which delivers only DC
plug:nacs=1 plug:nacs:ac=yes	socket:tesla_standard=1 / socket:tesla_destination=1	A NACS plug which delivers only AC
plug:type2=1 plug:type2:ac=no plug:type2:dc=yes	socket:tesla_supercharger = 1	Old Tesla Supercharger in Europe with DC over Type2 plug
plug:chaoJi=1	-	A CHAdeMO 3.0 Plug
plug:type2=1	socket:type2=1 / socket:tesla_destination=1	A european Tesla destination charger

Common Plugs/Sockets and assumed defaults

Many Plugs / Sockets are designed for either AC or DC, so the data consumer can assume some defaults if no ac oder dc prefix is given

shape	Plug/Socket	Defaults	Other names
	type1	:ac=yes :dc=no	SAE J1772/2009
	type2	:ac=yes :dc=no	EN 62196 Typ 2 IEC 62196-1 Mennekes
	type3a	:ac=yes :dc=no
	type3c	:ac=yes :dc=no
	type1_combo	:ac=no :dc=yes	CCS1
	type2_combo	:ac=no :dc=yes	CCS2
	chademo	:ac=no :dc=yes
	chaoJi	:ac=no :dc=yes	CHAdeMO-3.0
	nacs	no defaults	North American Charging Standard Tesla
	gbt2	:ac=yes :dc=no	GB/T 20234.2—2015
	gbt3	:ac=no :dc=yes	GB/T 20234.3—2015

Examples

	Current Tagging	Proposed Tagging	Notes
	amenity=charging_station capacity=3 fee=yes operator=Eneco socket:chademo:output=50 kW socket:chademo=1 socket:type2:output=11 kW socket:type2=1 socket:type2_cable:output=11 kW socket:type2_cable=1 socket:type2_combo:output=50 kW socket:type2_combo=1	amenity=charging_station capacity=3 capacity:dc=1 capacity:ac=2 fee=yes operator=Eneco plug:chademo:output=50 kW plug:chademo=1 socket:type2:output=11 kW socket:type2=1 plug:type2:output=11 kW plug:type2=1 plug:type2_combo:output=50 kW plug:type2_combo=1	This charger has two AC and two DC connectors. But only one Car at a time can charge at DC. The AC connectors are one socket and one plug.
	amenity=charging_station brand=Tesla capacity=8 socket:tesla_supercharger=8 socket:tesla_supercharger:output=150 kW opening_hours=24/7 fee=yes parking:fee=no	amenity=charging_station brand=Tesla capacity=8 plug:nacs=8 plug:nacs:output=150 kW plug:nacs:dc=yes plug:nacs:ac=no opening_hours=24/7 fee=yes parking:fee=no	A Tesla Supercharger in the US
	amenity=charging_station brand=Tesla capacity=5 socket:tesla_supercharger_ccs=5 socket:tesla_supercharger_ccs:output=250 kW	amenity=charging_station brand=Tesla capacity=5 plug:type2_combo=5 plug:type2_combo:output=250 kW	A Tesla Supercharger in the EU
	amenity=charging_station brand=Tesla capacity=10 socket:tesla_supercharger_ccs=10 socket:tesla_supercharger_ccs:output=150 kW socket:tesla_supercharger=10 socket:tesla_supercharger:output=150 kW	amenity=charging_station brand=Tesla capacity=10 plug:type2_combo=10 plug:type2_combo:output=150 kW plug:type2=10 plug:type2:output=150 kW plug:type2:dc=yes plug:type2:ac=no	A Tesla Supercharger in the EU with additional Type2 DC connectors for old Model S & X
	Not possible to tag	plug:nacs=2 plug:nacs:dc=1 plug:nacs:ac=1	A non Tesla charger with 1x NACS DC and 1x NACS AC

Applies to

• amenity=charging_station
• man_made=charge_point

Might be also used anywhere else where socket:* is currently used.

Rendering

Doesn't affect any rendering on the map.

Features/Pages affected

Key:socket:*

Tag:amenity=charging station

Tag:man made=charge point

External discussions

https://community.openstreetmap.org/t/wildwuchs-bei-socket-anderungsvorschlage/110643

Comments

Please comment on the discussion page.