Map internationalization (India)
India has hundreds of native languages, scheduled in 22 primary languages by the Indian Constitution[1]; 99 primary languages are still not scheduled, and may be pending addition, but may have limited recognition only in some States or Union territories (sometimes only in some districts).[2] Additonally a few other foreign languages are still significantly used with no sign of extinction, or have limited recognition for the preservation of culture or for mutual communication across national and foreign communities (including English throughout the country).
Map in Indic Language
A tool for adding names – OSM Localization Tool: https://osmnames.netlify.app/
Manual Task
- To add ml tags (example)
- Run the overpass query :- http://overpass-turbo.eu/s/eNn (change the name:ml to your language)
- Click on export and select Level0 editor .
- Add name:ml tag for each of entity.
- Add the change comment and click of upload to OSM
- Query for place names (in Tamil Nadu) with not Latin characters : http://overpass-turbo.eu/s/Zul
Internationalized OSM map renderings of India
| Language | Usual script (today in India) |
Code | Localized maps |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assamese | Bengali (Eastern Nagari) | as | Wikimedia Maps |
| Bengali (also Bangla) | Bengali (Eastern Nagari) | bn | Wikimedia Maps |
| Bodo (also Mech) | Devanagari | brx | Wikimedia Maps |
| Dogri | Devanagari | doi | Wikimedia Maps |
| Gujarati | Gujarati | gu | Wikimedia Maps |
| Hindi | Devanagari | hi | Wikimedia Maps |
| Kannada | Kannada | kn | Wikimedia Maps, MapTiler Mapbox |
| Kashmiri | Arabic (Nastaliq variant) | ks-arab | Wikimedia Maps |
| Devanagari | ks-deva | Wikimedia Maps | |
| Konkani (Goa) | Devanagari | gom | Wikimedia Maps |
| Maithili | Devanagari | mai | Wikimedia Maps |
| Malayalam | Malayalam | ml | Wikimedia Maps |
| Manipuri (also Meitei or Meithei) | Bengali (Eastern Nagari) | mni | Wikimedia Maps |
| Marathi | Marathi | mr | Wikimedia Maps |
| Nepali | Devanagari | ne | Wikimedia Maps |
| Odia (also Oriya) | Odia | or | Wikimedia Maps |
| Punjabi | Gurmukhi | pa | Wikimedia Maps |
| Shahmukhi | pnb | Wikimedia Maps | |
| Sanskrit | Devanagari | sa | Wikimedia Maps |
| Santali | Ol Chiki | sat-olck | Wikimedia Maps |
| Devanagari | sat-deva | Wikimedia Maps | |
| Sindhi | Arabic (Nastaliq variant) | sd | Wikimedia Maps |
| Tamil | Tamil | ta | Wikimedia Maps |
| Telugu | Telugu | te | Wikimedia Maps |
| Urdu | Arabic (Nastaliq variant) | ur | Wikimedia Maps |
| Language | Usual script (today in India) |
Code | Localized maps |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | Latin | en | Wikimedia Maps |
| French | Latin | fr | Wikimedia Maps |
| Kodava | Kannada | kfa | Wikimedia Maps |
| Kokborok | Bengali (Eastern Nagari) | trp-beng | Wikimedia Maps |
| Latin | trp-latn | Wikimedia Maps | |
| Maldivian (also Dhivehi) | Thaana | dv | Wikimedia Maps |
| Mizo (also Lushai) | Latin | lus | Wikimedia Maps |
| Portuguese | Latin | pt | Wikimedia Maps |
| Tulu | Kannada | tcy | Wikimedia Maps |
Languages of India by state or Union territory
The following table list the following languages that have a national or local official recognition or are significant minority language kept for preservation of culture; in order to keep the table as compact as possible, the following ISO 639-1 (or ISO 639-3 otherwise) language codes are used to represent them (underlined numbers in cells indicate their relative order of importance in each state or territory, by estimated speakers count, with 1 indicating the most important language used in that area); when a language is not officially recognized locally and there's no estimated count of speakers, no rank is given, but a note is added for the limited usage (this currently applies only to English in some states where the language is not official at state level, and where Hindi is also not used for inter-state communication at national level):
- (as) Assamese (অসমীয়া)
- (bn) Bangla (বাংলা)
- (doi) Dogri (Dogri)
- (en) English (English)
- (fr) French (français)
- (gom) Goan Konkani (गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni)
- (gu) Gujarati (ગુજરાતી)
- (hi) Hindi (हिन्दी)
- (kfa) Kodava (ಕೊಡವ)
- (kn) Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ)
- (lus) Mizo (Mizo ţawng)
- (ml) Malayalam (മലയാളം)
- (mai) Maithili (मैथिली)
- (mni) Manipuri (ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ)
- (mr) Marathi (मराठी)
- (ne) Nepali (नेपाली)
- (or) Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ)
- (pa) Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ)
- (sa) Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्)
- (sat) Santali (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ)
- (ta) Tamil (தமிழ்)
- (tcy) Tulu (ತುಳು)
- (te) Telugu (తెలుగు)
- (trp) Kokborok (Kókborok ককবরক)
- (ur) Urdu (اردو)
If additional languages are used in only one state or territory and their recognition is limited to only a part of it for a minority of people, they is indicated with a "+" in the "other" column with a note to list them (these minorities may still be quite large with often more than 1 million people, when compared to official languages of other countries).
India has many more (hundreds) languages: not all of them are recognized, or they are often used along with another locally recognized language for vernacular usage between communities (and sometimes considered minor variants or dialects of another language because they don't benefit of some minimal level of standardization or educational support by local authorities), so their number may increase over time if they get protected by local academic efforts for preservation of their culture, and these local efforts get some constitutional support at national or state level.
| State or Union territory | Code | Official languages (green) and additional languages with limited or local recognition (yellow)[3] Numbers in cells indicate the rank of importance (by estimated native speakers) of the language for each state or Union territory. |
Nº on map | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| as | bn | doi | en | fr | gom | gu | hi | kfa | kn | lus | ml | mai | mni | mr | ne | or | pa | sa | sat | ta | tcy | te | trp | ur | other | |||
| Andhra Pradesh | AP | − | − | − | −[3] | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | 1 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | AR | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 |
| Assam | AS | 1 | 2 | − | −[3] | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | − | +[4] | 3 |
| Bihar | BH | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | − | − | 4 | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | 4 |
| Chhattisgarh | CH | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 5 |
| Goa | GA | − | − | − | −[3] | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 6 |
| Gujarat | GU | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 7 |
| Haryana | HR | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 8 |
| Himachal Pradesh | HP | − | − | 3 | 2 | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 9 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | JK | − | − | 2 | −[3] | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | 10 |
| Jharkhand | JH | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | 11 |
| Karnataka | KA | − | − | − | −[3] | − | 4 | − | − | 3 | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 5 | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | +[5] | 12 |
| Kerala | KL | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 13 |
| Madhya Pradesh | MP | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 14 |
| Maharashtra | MH | − | − | − | −[3] | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 15 |
| Manipur | MN | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 16 |
| Meghalaya | ML | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | +[6] | 17 |
| Mizoram | MZ | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 4 | − | − | − | − | − | − | 18 |
| Nagaland | NL | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 19 |
| Odisha | OR | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | − | − | 20 |
| Punjab | PB | − | − | − | −[3] | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 21 |
| Rajasthan | RJ | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 22 |
| Sikkim | SK | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | +[7] | 23 |
| Tamil Nadu | TN | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | 24 |
| Tripura | TR | − | 1 | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 4 | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | 25 |
| Uttar Pradesh | UP | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | 26 |
| Uttarakhand | UK | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 27 |
| West Bengal | WB | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | 5 | − | − | − | − | 4 | +[8] | 28 |
| Telangana | TG | − | − | − | −[3] | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | 2 | − | 29 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | AN | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | A |
| Chandigarh | CH | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | B |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | DN | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | C |
| Daman and Diu | DD | − | − | − | −[3] | − | 1 | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | D |
| Lakshadweep | LD | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | +[9] | E |
| Delhi | DL | − | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 4 | − | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | F |
| Puducherry | PY | − | − | − | −[3] | 5 | − | − | − | − | − | − | 3 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | 2 | − | − | − | G |
Mapping of name-tags for place nodes
As of 09.08.2021 (% mapped: According to 2011 Census)
As of 13.12.2022 (official: According to 2011 Census)
Translation tools and websites
- Translation tool for the main OpenStreetMap website (on Translatewiki.net)
- Translation tool for the OpenStreetMap ID editor (on Transifex.com)
- Translation tool for the JOSM editor (on Launchpad.net)
Notes and references
- ↑ Census India, Distribution of the 22 scheduled languages, 2001.
- ↑ Census India, Paper 1 - Languages of India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16) (PDF), 2018
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 In every state or Union territory that does not recognize Hindi as one of their official languages, English is also used as a vernacular interchange language by the population, or English is used for the purpose of official communication of the state or territory with the Union of India.
- ↑ In Assam, the Bodo (or Mech) language is recognized in the Bodoland Territorial Council areas.
- ↑ In Karnataka, the Beary (or Byari) language is recognized as a minority language and a symbol of the state.
- ↑ In Meghalaya, the Khasi and Garo languages are recognized as minority languages.
- ↑ In Sikkim, ten additional official languages (Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limboo, Mangar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang) are recognized for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition.
- ↑ In West Bengal, the Rangpuri (or Kamtapuri) and Kurukh languages are recognized in specific areas.
- ↑ In Lakshadweep, the Mahl language, a local variety of Maldivian (or Divehi) is also recognized as an official language in Minicoy Island.