Key:historic:civilization

historic:civilization
Description
Describe roughly which civilization (or ancient culture) has built a feature or is somehow else connected to it.
Group: Historic
Used on these elements
Useful combination
heritage=* historic=archaeological_site historic=*
Status: approved
historic:civilization=* More details at taginfo More details at taginfo
Tools for this tag
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Summary

This is a tag to describe roughly which civilization (or ancient culture) has built a feature or is somehow else connected to it. The tag is mainly intended for historical features as a subtag to add further detail.

Extensions

For more detailed classification use historic:period=* to describe a narrower period, see values below for usage. This still leaves room for yet another subtag historic:era=* e.g. named after a regent, a family or similar, if needed. This allows to tag a suitable detail level, while the approximative tag historic:civilization=* can be easily applied without any special knowledge.

Tags

• historic:civilization=one of the values described below
• historic:period=one of the values described below
• historic:era=one of the values described below

Values

This is the current set of values. In some cases the dates might be disputed. Please be also aware that this is (/should be) based on scientific classification (i.e. an interpretation) and might be disputed or due to change along with scientific progress. If you are not sure how to exactly classify a feature, don't add the detailed tags but add only what you are sure about. Consider also to set (additionally) start_date=* if you have this information.

Feel free to amend the list and add other civilizations, periods and eras.

Prehistoric

• historic:civilization=prehistoric -  Prehistoric

If possible try to specify the period (or possibly the era for the longest period of stone age). But note that this classifications may only be appropriate for Europe and immediate borders of the Mediterranean Sea, and it may not be very accurate for Asia, America, and Eastern Africa (from where the whole humanity historically originated):

• historic:period=stone-age -  Stone Age
  • historic:era=paleolithic -  Paleolithic
  • historic:era=mesolithic -  Mesolithic
  • historic:era=neolithic -  Neolithic - most megalithic contructions (at least in Europe) are in this period.
• historic:period=bronze-age -  Bronze Age
• historic:period=iron-age -  Iron Age - same remark.

Note that some civilizations have lasted longer than Bronze Age, such as the Nuragic one (in Sardinia) and Ancient Chinese civilisations (see below). Generally the site should be classified under these civilisations if they were constructed after the arrival of scriptures. If there are only decorations with no obvious textual meaning, these sites remain prehistoric, and could remain in this classification (e.g. the Pre-Nuragic civilization, during Bronze Age could be specified by historic:era=pre-nuragic, under historic:period=bronze-age). Also some Ancient Chinese and Mesopotamian civilizations started to write their history in an era where Europe was still in the (neolithic) Stone Age, even if these old civilizations still did not have discovered iron (scriptures started to be written on stones, then bones and wood, without needing metal for tools, arms and early currencies and jewelry).

Asia

China

More detailed history can be seen at OHM/China

Ancient China

• historic:civilization=ancient_chinese - 2100 BC - 221 BC -  Ancient Chinese
  • historic:period=xia （夏）
  • historic:period=shang （商）
  • historic:period=zhou （周）

Imperial China

• historic:civilization=imperial_chinese - 221 BC - 1911 AD -  Imperial Chinese
  • historic:period=qin （秦）
  • historic:period=han （汉）
  • historic:period=sanguo （三国）
  • historic:period=jin （晋）
  • historic:period=sui （隋）
  • historic:period=tang （唐）
  • historic:period=song （宋）
  • historic:period=yuan （元）
  • historic:period=ming （明）
  • historic:period=qing （清）

Japan

• historic:civilization=ainu
• historic:civilization=japanese
  • historic:period=jomon (縄文時代)
  • historic:period=yayoi (弥生時代)
  • historic:period=heian (平安時代)
  • historic:period=kamakura (鎌倉時代)
  • historic:period=muromachi (室町時代)
  • historic:period=azuchi-momoyama (安土桃山時代)
  • historic:period=edo (江戸時代)

Persia

to be added. If you are familiar with this topic feel free to add a classification

Middle East

• historic:civilization=caliphate -  Caliphate
  • historic:period=rashidun -  Rashidun_Caliphate
  • historic:period=umayyad -  Umayyad_Caliphate
  • historic:period=abbasid -  Abbasid_Caliphate
  • historic:period=fatimid -  Fatimid_Caliphate
  • historic:period=ayyubid -  Ayyubid_dynasty
  • historic:period=ottoman -  Ottoman_Caliphate

Oceania

Australia

• historic:civilization=aboriginal_australian
• historic:civilization=torres_strait_islander

Māori

• historic:civilization=maori -  Māori culture
  • historic:period=archaic - 1280 - 1450 -  Māori Archaic period (moa hunters)
  • historic:period=classic - 1450 - 1800 -  Māori Classic period (pā builders)
  • historic:period=modern - 1800 - present -  Māori Modern period

Mediterranean

Egypt

Ancient Egypt

• historic:civilization=ancient_egyptian - until 332 BC -  Ancient Egyptian
  • historic:period=predynastic_egypt -  Predynastic Egypt
  • historic:period=protodynastic_egypt -  Protodynastic Egypt
  • historic:period=early_dynastic_period -  Early Dynastic Period
  • historic:period=old_kingdom -  Old Kingdom of Egypt
  • historic:period=first_intermediate_period -  First Intermediate Period of Egypt
  • historic:period=middle_kingdom -  Middle Kingdom of Egypt
  • historic:period=second_intermediate_period -  Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
  • historic:period=new_kingdom -  New Kingdom of Egypt
    • historic:era=dynasty_XIX -  for the 19th dynasty
  • historic:period=third_intermediate_period -  Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
  • historic:period=first_persian_period -  First Persian Period
  • historic:period=late_period -  Late Period
  • historic:period=second_persian_period -  Second Persian Period

Greek Egypt

• historic:civilization=greek_egyptian - 332 BC - 30 BC -  Greek Egyptian
  • historic:period=alexander_the_great -  Alexander the Great
  • historic:period=ptolemaic_egypt -  Ptolemaic Egypt

Roman and Byzantine Egypt

• historic:civilization=roman_and_byzantine_egyptian -  Egypt (Roman province)
  • historic:period=christian_egypt -  Egypt (Roman province)#Christian Egypt (33 AD–4th century)
  • historic:period=byzantine_egypt -  Egypt (Roman province)#Later Roman Egypt (4th–6th centuries)
  • historic:period=persian_occupation -  Egypt (Roman province)#Sassanian Persian invasion (619 AD)

Islamic Egypt

• historic:civilization=islamic_egyptian -  Islam in Egypt
  • historic:period=medieval_egypt -  Egypt in the Middle Ages
    • historic:era=rashiduns - 641 – 661 -  Rashidun Caliphate
    • historic:era=umayyads - 661 – 750 -  Umayyad Caliphate
    • historic:era=abbasids - 750 – 935 -  Abbasid Caliphate
    • historic:era=tulunids - 868 – 905 -  Tulunids
    • historic:era=ikhshidids - 935 – 969 -  Ikhshidid dynasty
    • historic:era=fatimids - 969 – 1171 -  Fatimid Caliphate
    • historic:era=ayyubids - 1171 – 1250 -  Ayyubid dynasty
    • historic:era=mamluks - 1250 – 1517 -  Mamluk Sultanate

Greece

Greek Bronze Age

• historic:civilization=helladic -  Helladic period
• historic:civilization=cycladic -  Cycladic culture
• historic:civilization=minoan -  Minoan civilization
• historic:civilization=mycenaean -  Mycenaean Greece

Ancient Greece

• historic:civilization=ancient_greece -  Ancient Greece
  • historic:period=greek_dark_ages -  Greek Dark Ages
  • historic:period=archaic_greece -  Archaic Greece
  • historic:period=classical_greece -  Classical Greece
  • historic:period=hellenistic_greece -  Hellenistic Greece
  • historic:period=roman_greece -  Roman Greece

Nuragic civilization

• historic:civilization=nuragic -  Nuragic civilization

Italy

• historic:civilization=villanovan -  Villanovan culture
• historic:civilization=faliscan - the Falisci have been an Italic people living in what is now northern Lazio -  Falisci
• historic:civilization=etruscan -  Etruscan civilization

Rome

• historic:civilization=ancient_roman - 753 BC – 284 AD -  Ancient Rome
  • historic:period=roman_kingdom - 753 BC – 509 BC -  Roman Kingdom
  • historic:period=roman_republic - 508 BC – 27 BC -  Roman Republic
  • historic:period=principate - 27 BC – 284 AD -  Principate
• historic:civilization=western_roman - 285 AD – 476 AD -  Western Roman Empire
  • historic:period=dominate - 285 AD – 476 AD (western roman) -  Dominate
• historic:civilization=byzantine - 285 AD – 1453 AD (administration split in 285 AD) -  Byzantine Empire

Iberian peninsula

• historic:civilization=castro_culture -  Castro culture
• historic:civilization=iberian
• also see Rome
• historic:civilization=visigothic_kingdom
• historic:civilization=islamic_iberia
• historic:civilization=medieval_christianity

Europe (rest = predominantly not mediterranean)

• historic:civilization=allemanian
• historic:civilization=anglo-saxon (See also Historic Britain)
• historic:civilization=celtic
• historic:civilization=gaelic
• historic:civilization=germanic
• historic:civilization=thracian
• historic:civilization=vikingian
• historic:civilization=serbian - medieval Serbian

From the 5th to the late 15th century,  Medieval

historic:civilization=medieval	historic:civilization=medieval_christianity	historic:civilization=middle-ages

America

Hopewellian

• historic:civilization=hopewell – Hopewell tradition

Ychsma

• historic:civilization=ychsma -  Ychsma

Inca

• historic:civilization=inca -  Inkan

Maya

• historic:civilization=mayan -  Mayan

Tiahuanacota

• historic:civilization=tiahuanacota -  Tiwanaku empire
  • historic:period=villager - (epoch i & ii) 1580 BCE – 133 CE
  • historic:period=urban - (epoch iii) 133 CE – 374 CE
  • historic:period=classical - (epoch iv) 374 CE – 900 CE
  • historic:period=imperial - (epoch v) 900 CE – 1200 CE

Ancestral Puebloans

• historic:civilization=ancestral_puebloan -  Ancestral Puebloans
  • historic:period=archaic_early_basketmaker -  Archaic–Early Basketmaker Era - 7000 BCE - 1500 BCE
  • historic:period=early_basketmaker_ii -  Early Basketmaker II Era - 1500 BCE - 50 CE
  • historic:period=late_basketmaker_ii -  Late Basketmaker II Era - 50 - 500
  • historic:period=basketmaker_iii -  Basketmaker III Era - 500 - 750
  • historic:period=pueblo_i -  Pueblo I Period - 750 - 900
  • historic:period=pueblo_ii -  Pueblo II Period - 900 - 1150
  • historic:period=pueblo_iii -  Pueblo III Period - 1150 - 1300
  • historic:period=pueblo_iv -  Pueblo IV Period - 1350 - 1600
  • historic:period=pueblo_v -  Pueblo V Period - 1600 - present

Other cultures

(feel free to move it up and make a dedicated subsection if you are familiar with a certain culture)

Examples

For example this could be attached to an roman excavation site:

• historic=archaeological_site

historic:civilization=ancient_roman

The proposal:

• Proposed_features/historic:civilization

See also

• Proposed features/heritage - subtags contain references to various international or national public databases. These databases frequently reference the civilizations, eras or periods, when effective dates of constructions cannot be estimated with precision.
• Proposed features/epigraph
• historic=* (many values where tagging the civilization can make sense, for example:
  • historic=archaeological_site
  • historic=tomb
  • historic=aqueduct
• man_made=geoglyph