Hawaii
 Hawaii, United States
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| Latitude : 20.7605, Longitude : -157.538 |
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Hawaii is a state in United States at latitude 20.7605, longitude -157.538.
Contents |
Status
TIGER 2007 data was imported for all the main populated islands. This data only uses NAD83 for Oʻahu and uses a different datum for all the other islands. Lanaʻi, Molokaʻi, Maui and Big Island have been reimported from TIGER 2009 data which uses the NAD83 datum. Kauaʻi should be reimported from TIGER 2009 very soon.
Mappers should refrain from mapping the islands that have not yet been reimported with NAD83-based data for the time being. These areas are easily recognized, because the roadways will be offset several hundred meters from the Yahoo satellite imagery and the PGS coastline data.
Islands
- Main Islands
- Minor Islands
- Northwest Hawaiian Islands
- Nihoa
- Necker
- French Frigate Shoals
- Gardner Pinnacles
- Maro Reef
- Laysan
- Lisianski
- Pearl and Hermes Reef
- Midway - Note: Midway is geologically part of the Hawaiian archipelago, but is not officially part of the State of Hawaiʻi.
- Kure
Issues
Many of the aboriginal Hawaiian names for geographic features and communities were repeated on several islands, because they were historically independent entities until the late 18th century. Since the US Postal Service requires city names to be unique, many cities were required to modify their names to disambiguate them. For instance, Kailua on the island of Hawaiʻi became Kailua-Kona, and Waimea on the island of Hawaiʻi became Kamuela. Although these disambiguated names are the official names required in mailing addresses, in practice the original name may continue to be used for most other day to day purposes. This is certainly the case for Waimea (Kamuela).
How should these cases be handled when labeling such places in OSM? I have seen instances of just the new name, just the old name, and dual labelling on various published maps.
Place Name Orthography
The Hawaiʻi Board on Geographic Names is an agency of the State of Hawaiʻi which is responsible for the official names and spelling for all geographic features within the state. It is the Board's current policy to include the ʻokina (glottal stop) and kahakō (macron) diacritic marks in official names, when there is solid evidence they should be part of the name. The Board primarily uses Place Names of Hawaiʻi (Pukui, Elbert & Mookini) and the recommendations of ʻAhahui ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, as well as the recollections of local Hawaiian speaking elders to make its determinations.
The WikiProject Hawaii Manual of Style on Wikipedia recommends using the diacritic marks in the body of articles when referring to Hawaiian place names.
The OpenStreetMap project should follow these precedents when adding name tags in Hawaiʻi.
Best practices
Put the name with ʻokina and kahakō in name=* and name:haw=*, and put the name without these in name:en=*. This will give renderers something to fall back on, and also guarantee search will work without specifying the diacritics.
If there is both a Hawaiian name and an English name (e.g., Coconut Island, also called Moku o Loʻe), you should either:
- use both name=* and alt_name=*, with appropriate language variants; or
- set name=Coconut Island (Moku o Loʻe), name:en=Coconut Island, and name:haw=Moku o Loʻe.
In either case, name:haw=* should only contain Hawaiian words and names.
Island coastlines
Islands should have their coastline tagged with place=island or place=islet. They should not have a node placed at their center for this purpose.
Since many of the large islands have the coastline broken into multiple segments, these segments should be placed in a multipolygon with outer role, and the multipolygon should then be tagged with place=island. The name of the island belongs on the multipolygon.
Any small islands, islets, rocks, etc., should be tagged by themselves if they have names. If no name is known, then consider them part of the bigger island they are near, and add them to that island's multipolygon.
Data Sources
The Hawaiʻi State GIS Program has an extensive list of GIS data that is in the public domain that could be utilized by the OSM project.
To Do
This is a suggested list of outstanding items for the state of Hawaii. There may be many additional items to be done at a more detailed level that should be documented on the wiki page for each individual island.
- Complete the import of NAD83-based TIGER data for the neighbor islands. Big Island and Kauaʻi still remain to be completed
- Import bulk data from the Hawaii GIS department
- Streams
- Waterfalls
- Coral Reefs
- Dams
- Ditches (for irrigation)
- Islets - The PGS coastline data doesn't include all the tiny islets surround the main islands.
- Mile Markers - Mile markers are commonly use for route descriptions.
- Ne Ala Nele Trails - This may possibly overlap with some of the trail information already in OSM
- Parks for Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Maui
- Schools
- Other layers may be of interest as well, including small boat ramps, pipelines and transmission lines, hotels (as of 2006), various administrative boundaries, landuse/landcover, etc.
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