Tag:boundary=protected_area
+/- boundary=protected_area
Used to mark the boundaries of protected areas including national parks, marine protection areas, heritage sites and indigenous areas
Used combinations in
Undefined |
boundary=protected_area is used to mark the boundaries of protected areas including national parks, marine protection areas, heritage sites and indigenous areas.
boundary=protected_area
+ protect_class=1 to 99
+ protection_title=...
Contents |
Classification
The nature of the protected area is identified using protect_class=1 to 99 which are divided into three categories:
- nature conservation for complex ecosystems (1-9, 97-99),
- resources conservation for important single resources(11-19) and
- social conservation for community and architecture (21-29).
The tables "Protect classes for various countries" below, provide guidance on the use of protect_class.
Nature-protected-area
Protected nature and landscape in ecosystem context.
| class | description* | examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ia Strict Nature Reserve: ... strictly protected areas ... are strictly controlled and limited ... can serve as indispensable reference areas for scientific research and monitoring. Ib Wilderness Area: ... usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence within permanent or significant human habitation, ... You can keep them apart by an additional zone-Tag. |
Ia: naturereserve Florarna in Sweden. Ib: Bolshoi Arkticheskiy naturereserve on nothsibirien peninsula Taimyr. |
| 2 | National Park: ... large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect large-scale ecological processes, ... | Yellowstone (USA), Watten Sea (Europe), ... |
| 3 | Natural Monument or Feature: ... protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea mount, submarine cavern, geological feature such as a cave or even a living feature such as an ancient grove. They are generally quite small protected areas and often have high visitor value. Cultural and archaeological important. | Victoria Falls (Arica), ... |
| 4 | Habitat/Species Management Area: ... aim to protect particular species or habitats and management reflects this priority. Many Category IV protected areas will need regular, active interventions ... | Naturereserves, Naturschutzgebiet, ... |
| 5 | Protected Landscape/ Seascape: ... area where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant, ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: ... | landscape protection, Naturparks like "Lüneburger Heide", Harz, ... |
| 6 | Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources: ... conserve ecosystems and habitats together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. They are generally large, with most of the area in a natural condition, where a proportion is under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level non-industrial use of natural resources compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims of the area. For small areas and single-value-protection see also resources-protected-area: protect_class=11 to 19. | Tonda Wildlife Mangament Area (Papua Neu-Guinea), ... |
| 7 | nature-feature area: similar to 4. but without IUCN-level. | Some habitats are protected by local- or district-law: areas to protect one specie, special cover of vegetation, geological site, ... |
| 97 | protected by continental agreements. They often cover sites already protected by national law. | Asia: ASEAN Heritage, Europe: Smaragd-Network of the European Council, "Natura 2000" (FFH, Birdareas), European greenbelt, ... |
| 98 | protected by interstate- or international conventions. They often cover sites already protected by national law. A cross-border Nationalpark with IUCN-level should belong to 2. | World Heritage Convention, UNESCO-MAB Reserve, Wetlands of International Importance ("Ramsar"), ... or the "Barcelona Convention" by states bordering the Mediterranean Sea. African - Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA), ... |
| 99 | other continental or international. |
Resources-protected-area
Protected areas with a focus on single natural resources, including human living space itself, because of an important natural material or characteristic. Mostly appointed on community level.
| class | description |
|---|---|
| 11 | soil: crop yield, erosion protection, ... |
| 12 | water: water protection area, fresh water, drinking water, springs, ... |
| 13 | climate and -air: gasper supply/cold air, ... for emission-, immission control in OSM existent, see "Low Emission Zone" (LEZ) |
| 14 | species: no fishing, protected for fishery, protected for hunting, ... |
| 15 | location: floodwater retention area, protection forest, ... |
| 16 | longtime hazard area: contamination, earth-moving area, "problem sites" ... |
| 19 | other national, not yet classified for ID 1 to 18, IUCN-level -999, ... . The indigenous areas with IUCN -999 should belong to ID 24. |
Social-protected-area
Important social interests.
| class | description |
|---|---|
| 21 | community-live: religious, sacred areas, associative locations, recreation |
| 22 | cultural values (cultural assets and - efforts, districts historical heritage, monument conservation): protection of sites with special architecture or historic interest, designed and created intentionally by man: urban layout, buildings, landscape, gardens, art-goods, ... |
| 23 | economic-control: for the benefit of economic systems, mining refuges, ... |
| 24 | political protection: reservation / indigenous area / aborigine: self-governing communities with land + indigenous state-boundaries: in OSM existent, see "boundary=administrative". ... |
| 25 | military areas: military refuges, test area, with regard to contents its right, but in OSM its already used with the key military=* ... |
| 26 | historic: for colonial-stuff and protectorates. Otherwise like erstwhile-, former- or ancient-protected areas please better sign in "cultural values" ID 22. |
| 27 | public land: Public ground owned by Government entity (BLM, State Land Trusts, some Freedom to Roam land.... Not US Forest Service). |
| 29 | other social, not yet classified for ID 21 to 28. |
Additional keys
Use the ref=* to hold an external ID for the area.
| key | value | description |
|---|---|---|
| protection_title= | wildlife sanctuary, Zapovedniki, Nationalpark, Special Protected Area, World Heritage Convention, Aesthetic Forest, Heritage River, Indian Reserve, ... | Title or type of protection, not the proper name. The national destination, the formal title or type of protection (see level-table).
Important! You should give this. To make differences within one class. At the end it gives a sample of terms. The individual labeling, f.e. like the phillipine "Nipas Category". |
| protection_object= | aborigine, nature, habitat, art, econonic, politic, military, historic, water, soil, air, climat, noise, floodwater, rockslide, retention, ... | The point, subject matter, worth-feature. Preferably don´t list species or elements - therefor you should give a website-url. |
| protection_aim= | intention of the site | |
| protection_ban= | "no cats", ...*!! | banned actions. special permits ... Its not used, so *upcoming it will be taken out from here. |
| protection_instruction= | "only cats", ...*!! | imperative. site development enforcement orders. Its not used, so *upcoming it will be taken out from here. |
| related_law= | Law 4/1994, BNatSchG: § 23, ... | for the area. The title of the edict, title of the legal text, etc. |
| site_zone= | 1 to *, 1a to *, I to *, Ia to * | if there are buffer- or grading zones respectively levels of protection. For example national parks or waterprotection areas have such a system. Fit the ways with a relation to keep area and zones together. This tag should be more concretized like: catchment_zone=*, water_catchment_zone=*, protection_zone=*, water_protection_zone=*, habitat_buffer_zone=*, hazard_zone=*, ... |
| valid_from= | yyyy-mm-dd | if a directive is coming into effect. May be too for values like "1910 - 1920; 1960-12-09" if a protection is no continuum. |
| start_date= end_date= |
yyyy-mm-dd | see above and see the wiki-side |
| opening_hours= | Dec 20-Jan 06 00:00-24:00 may be too "sunrise to sunset", ... |
for routes- and entering-concepts (associated with a zone-concept): if there are breeding seasons or something like that ... for example: opens only Dec 20 to Jan 06 but nonstop, 24h. In this context, the key-name doesn´t harmonize really but ... it should work. |
|
ref:NLWKN= |
NSG WE 237, ... Nds. Landesbetrieb ...(NLWKN) |
A tag, that gives space for any official order-system of a protected element. In the first recommend version, the key is named ref+abbreviation with the ID as value. ref+abbreviation+source are infos about the publisher the older version 'protection_code' shows the prefix/ID/code/indicator and 'protection_code_sources' - as abbreviation - its publisher. |
| operator= | institutions, persons etc. | |
| governance_type= | government_managed (ministry or agency in charge, government-delegated management), social_protagonist, private_landowner, social_group (local Communities) | Who primarily maintains the site. The governance describes the decision-making structure of a site and is closely linked to ownership. About responsibly, social integration. (see wdpa-def.) |
| site_ownership= | public (federal, province, municipal), community conserved areas (community, indigenous), joint or co-ownership, private. | on wdpa´s protectedplanet.net it is the key 'designation_type'. |
| site_status= | designated, retired, intended, obtained, ... | on wdpa´s protectedplanet.net it is the key 'status'. |
| protection_award= | EUROPARC Transboundary Parks, Europadiplom, ... | Sometimes there are awards for a protected site |
| protected= | perpetuity, limited, temporary | for an alternate determinated protection. Access. Its simular to the northamerican "protected" (see tagwatch) |
|
ref:EUR27:name= |
Mediterranean temporary ponds, ... 3170 Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats - EUR27 (July 2007) |
different habitats-/biotops-keys, for landcover or conservation, for area-wide and priority mapping. habitat = biotop (in german-speaking areas the item "habitat" is mostly used to picture the "structural needed environment of one specie" (or population) and one biotop includes several habitats). Any code and its origin (systems see Links). The first is the recommend version. Other related proposals: habitat, Plant_Community |
|
ref:ABBR:name= |
wood pasture farming WP345 + HistList1 (HL1) |
proper name of a "historical element of cultural landscape" (HECL), a concept in germany since the late 1980th. There are keys by some districs. The first is the recommend version. element-names: small shrine, dry stone wall, old fountain, historic form of housing estate, orchard, ... function-categories: settlement, natural economics, community live, transport, trade, leisure, livestock farming, facilities, agriculture, forestry, ... code: if there are any official keys for ... |
| yes* (!!) | primarily to picture any former stuff, for topical maps, but its not used very much (1) and it is no good value - so *upcoming it will be taken out from here. | |
| period= + scale= |
1200-1800 christian |
to giva a time when the element was being used. period with appropriate scale (persian, christian, pre-christian, chinese, mayan, ...). During tagging, nobody wants to figure out, what his period is in an different scale. That might done by querys. You need both tags. |
| website= | http : // www.nameoftheasite . dom | appropriate site, for further information about the protected area, species, contact persons, laws, etc.. |
| name= | proper name | the site name, the proper name of the site. Use name-typical keys. Because its commen on OSM, you can set at the end, in clips the "site_title". But it should not substitute the site_title-tag. It depends from length, layout - and technic. |
| ref:IUCN=, ------- iucn_level=, |
1-6, -999 | the IUCN Category, in addition to the protect_class, see http://www.protectedplanet.net/. |
| contamination= | nuclear_mess, mercury, ... | or hazard_zone. Doesn´t realy belong to protected-areas. To mark a boundary of a polluted area. Constrained access due to the fact of longtime contamination facts. |
| allocation= allocation:image= |
north, south, west, east, central, upper, lower, sub, northeast, ... | for any partition of an area or orientation of an object. |
Protect classes for various countries
The tables below provide guidance on the use of protect_class in different countries. If your country is undocumented then refer to protectedplanet.net of the WDPA where you can search for it by its proper name. If there are no results, ask the appropriate (government) administration, use the talk page or your local mailing list for discussion and than add it below or add it to the "other"-levels. The following labeling is based upon the "IUCN Category" ... try to add ("harmonise") your country's protection-system to the table.
Nature-protected-areas
| protect_class=*= | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ||
 Australia
|
Nature Reserve, Conservation Covenant, Nature Reserve, Remote and Natural Area, Reference Area, Wilderness Park | Heritage River, Aquatic Reserve, State Reserve, Other Park | Conservation Park, Natural Features Reserve, Management Agreement Area | Resource Reserve, Nature Refuge, Forest Reserve, Game Reserve, Natural Features Reserve, Fish Habitat Area, Botanic Gardens (Com.), Native Forest | Other Conservation Area, Historical Reserve, Heritage River | Resource Reserve | - | - | UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, Ramsar-Wetlands,World Heritage Convention | other international, not yet classified | ||
 Brazil
|
Biological Reserve, State Ecological Station | National Park, State Park, State Marine Park | Wildlife Refuge | State Area of Outstanding Ecological Interest | State Environmental Protection Area | Extractive Reserve, National Forest, State Sustainable Development Reserve, Extractive Reserve, National Forest | - | - | UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, Ramsar-Wetlands,World Heritage Convention | other international, not yet classified | ||
 Bulgaria
|
Резерват (Reserve) | Национален парк (National Park) | Природна забележителност (Natural Monument) | Поддържан резерват (Managed Nature Reserve) | Природен парк (Natural Park) | Защитена местност (Protected site) | - | Натура 2000 (EU Naturа 2000) | Биосферен резерват по програмата на ЮНЕСКО "Човекът и биосферата"(UNESCO-MAB) | Други неквалифицирани международни зони (other international, not yet classified) | ||
 Canada
|
Wilderness Area, Nature Conservancy of Canada Lands (Ia), Nature Reserve (Ia), Ecological Reserve (Ia), Special Place (Ia), Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Migratory Bird Refuge (Ia), | Provincial Park, Territorial Park, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, | National Historic Site, National Historic Park, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, -Refuge, | Wildlife Management Area, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Eastern Habitat Joint Venture Lands, | Conservation Authority Area,Conservation Area, Recreation Site, | Faunal Habitat, Salmon River, Wildlife Habitat - Waterfowl Gathering Area, Community Pasture, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, | Agreement Forest, Protective Forest, Operational Parks and Reserves, National Capital Commission Area, Recreation Site, Natural Area, Migratory Bird Sanctuary | - | UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, Ramsar-Wetlands,World Heritage Convention | other international, not yet classified | ||
 Czech Republic
|
National Nature Reserve, Nature Reserve | National Park | National Nature Monument, Natural Monument | Protected Site | Protected Landscape Area | - | - | Natura 2000 | - | other international, not yet classified | ||
 Germany
|
- | Nationalpark | - | Naturschutzgebiet | Naturpark, Landschaftsschutzgebiet | - | Geschützer Biotop, -Landschaftsbestandteil, Naturdenkmal, Horstschutzgebiet, Waldschutzgebiete (Schon- und Bannwald), Gewässerschutz, ... | Natura 2000: Site of Community Interest (SCI), FFH-Gebiet (SAC), Vogelschutzgebiet (SPA), Emerald-Gebiete. European greenbelt, ... | UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, Ramsar-Feuchtgebiete, Welterbe, ... | weitere internationale, noch nicht klassifiziert. | ||
 Italy
|
SIC - ZSC | parco nazionale, parco regionale | Monument, Archeological site | Biotopo, Natural reserve | Zone umide, Marine area reserve, Natural monument, Urban park, Oasi | - | Natura 2000, Convenzione delle Alpi | Convenzione di Ramsar, UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, | ||||
 Russia
|
Zapovednik | National Park | Nature Monument | Zakasnik | - | Ramsar-Wetlands, World Heritage Convention, UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, ... | other international, not yet classified | |||||
 United Kingdom due to publishing restrictions, data not on the WDPA |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | other international, not yet classified | ||
 the United States
|
National Wilderness | National Park | National Monument | - | National Preserve | National Forest, National Grassland | - | - | - | other international, not yet classified
| ||
 Slovakia
|
National Nature Reserve, Nature Reserve | National Park | National Nature Monument, Natural Monument | Protected Site | Protected Landscape Area | - | - | - | - | other international, not yet classified | ||
Resources-protected-areas
| protect_class=*= | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 19 | |
| Australia
|
other national, ... | |||||||
| Canada
|
Game Preserve, ... | other national, ... | ||||||
| Germany
|
Bodenschutz | Trinkwasserschutz, Trinkwassergewinnung, Heilquellenschutz, ... | Kaltluftentstehung/Frischluftversorgung, Immissionsschutz-, ... | Angelverbot, Fischereischutzzone, Jagdschutzgebiet, ... | Retentionsraum, Schutzwald, Standort, | Kontaminationsfläche, Bodenbewegungsgebiet, ... | weitere, nicht klassifiziert | |
Social-protected-area
| protect_class=*= | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 29 |
| Australia
|
monument conservation | Indigenous Protected Areas | other social | |||||
| Brazil
|
Indigenous Protected Areas | other social, ... | ||||||
| Germany
|
Denkmalschutz | - | weitere sozial bestimmte | |||||
| USA
|
monument conservation | Indigenous Protected Areas | BLM, State Land Trust, Federal Public lands. Not Forest service. | other social | ||||
Background
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) designed categories of nature conservation management, which communicate "intensities of engagement". On a technical view, the fact of protection doesn´t fit with the surface or the objects of an area. It just looks for some structures for bordering (e.g. on initial areas, inhabitants may go on with their usual activities for a longer period of transition). 'Protection is no landuse', its a political agreement. So the already existing key "boundary" is a suitable key. As associated value, "protected_area" was established new, because its clearly and emphasizes "the precaution" respectively "the limitation". Limitations don´t emerge only by nature-conservation. Further reasons are socio-political - and economic requests, for taking care of resources. Areas also might receive awards, which require a consideration. Those matters are also taken up here.
In order to allow the use of familiar country-specific order system for an easy handling (mapping & render) the multiplicity of "nomenclatures" was assigned to a few numbers of IDs ("protect_class"). Similar managed or aimed protected areas are running with the same value. IDs are short and its more friendly, to join an abstract code with "my" local name, than a foreign name ("Природна ..." = 3). The protectedplanet website by the IUCN allows us to determine lots of national nature-conservation areas.
So, the first 'class 1-9' mostly leans against these IUCN-categories and cover the section nature-conservation (and that in a holistic view, inclusive culture aspects like special kinds of farming) - but for the sake of independence, don´t think the class' coupled with the IUCN categories. The '10th-block' with decorations for areas to conserve resources ("economic view") - the basic ones are soil and minerals, water, air, species and some locations, based on some of their features or facilities. The '20th block' for socio-political interests. Finally the '90th-block' we hold awards and supra-regional, and global categories.
Parts from 1 to 6 out of IUCN Protected Areas Categories System (2009). To catch the right class, have a look to the IUCN-database by the website protectedplanet.net, see "IUCN Category". protect_class=* 1 to 6 fit with the IUCN-level I to VI, class 19 to IUCN -999. protect_class 7 catches more sites. There are no protected areas for the United Kingdom in the WDPA (see WDPA-FAQ). Sites by international convention belong into protect_class 97 to 99.
Discussions
Until 2010 was a lack of fitting tags for the plurality of types of nature-reserves (e.g. in europe there are about 90). Only two types are used in OSM: nature reserve (leisure=nature_reserve) and nationalpark (boundary=nationalpark) and those are moreover technical not equal. So lots of protected areas becomes decorated wrong.
Pay attention to the discussion-content, see:
You can keep buffer-areas or zones apart with additional 'site_zone-tag plus relation' (see polygon example graphic).
External links
- IUCN Protected Areas Categories System
- protectedplanet.net WDPA's list of protected sites.
- World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) offers a foundation dataset for conservation decision making.
- Wetlands of International Importance ("Ramsar")
- UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve
- UNESCO-liste of MAB-sites
- World Heritage Convention.
- ASEAN Heritage > Biodiversity Information ...
- Barcelona Convention Mediterranean Action Plan
- GIS Viewer Natura 2000 european Natura 2000-network areas
- Water Conservation Districts
- Planning Notes for Soil Protection
- Wikipedia, Soil_conservation
There are governments, keeping a habitat system:
- Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats priority habitat types of the "Annex I".
- Lower saxonys key (DE), for area-wide and selective mapping.
- Prior protected habitats, a mapping-example (pdf, 2 MB)
- Cultural landscape element infos by a planing-bureau.
