Key:access
 access
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For describing the legal accessibility of an element. 
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| Group: Restrictions |
| Used on these elements |
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| Documented values: 7 |
| Useful combination |
| Wikidata |
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| Status: de facto |
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Access values are used to describe the legal access for highways and other transportation networks (railways, waterways) as well as other facilities including building entrances, buildings themselves, amenities and leisure entities.
The values can be used with the access tag or with tags associated with particular forms of transport. For example access=delivery on a service road tagged with highway=service would imply that all transport modes can use the entrance for delivery only. A building entrance available for pedestrian customers only would be tagged entrance=yes and foot=customers. In addition to transport mode restriction, there may be restrictions relating to height, weight, restrictions may vary by time and day and restrictions may be directional.
Contents
Access tag values
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| yes | The public has an official, legally-enshrined right of access; i.e., it's a right of way. |
| no | No access for the general public. Consider using additional access (like foot=yes or bicycle=permissive, etc.) to indicate who can use the element. If only specific transport modes are forbidden, prefer more specific restrictions like vehicle=no or motor_vehicle=no over the general key access. |
| private | Only with individual permission |
| permissive | Open to general traffic until such time as the owner revokes the permission which they are legally allowed to do at any time in the future. |
| destination | Only when travelling to this element/area; i.e., local traffic only. NOTE: This restriction often only applies to certain modes of transportation (e.g., only to vehicles). Take care to use the right transport mode restriction; e.g., vehicle=destination when only vehicle traffic is restricted.
English: "except for access" (UK) / "no thru traffic" / "local traffic only" (USA), Dutch: "bestemmingsverkeer/uitgezonderd plaatselijk verkeer (Flanders/Belgium)", German: "Anlieger frei"/"ausgenommen Anrainerverkehr" (Austria), French "Interdit sauf riverains/excepté circulation locale (Wallonie/Belgium)". Note that "access only for residents" is private (for example vehicle=private when applied only to vehicles). |
| delivery | Only when delivering to the element. |
| customers | Only for customers of the element. If access is not open to any person willing to pay, consider using private instead. Membership clubs are generally tagged as private. |
| designated | A preferred or designated route for the class of traffic specified by the tag key, such as foot=designated, in general this means that there is a (explicit) sign saying something like "pedestrians allowed", or a pedestrian icon.
Using this value with the plain access key, access=designated, has no meaning, and should not be used. (see #Transport mode restrictions) For compulsory cycleways mapped as separate ways see bicycle=use_sidepath. |
| use_sidepath | Can only be used in countries with compulsory cycleways and gives access information on parallel roads. See bicycle=use_sidepath. |
| dismount | Permitted for some vehicle (or animal) only if you dismount. Mostly used for bicycle: Use bicycle=dismount when people are not permitted to cycle (e.g., through a graveyard) but are allowed to dismount and bring the bike. See Bicycle#Bicycle Restrictions. |
| agricultural | Only for agricultural traffic. |
| forestry | Only for forestry traffic. |
| discouraged | A legal right of way exists (see yes) but usage is officially discouraged (e.g., HGVs on narrow but passable lanes). Only if marked by a traffic sign (subjective otherwise).
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| unknown | The access conditions are unknown or unclear. For the access key, where users might assume access rights by definition or some default, this makes it explicit that the actual situation is not known (since an absent access tag might also be mistaken by some users as being compliant to an assumed default). These tags should therefore not be removed without replacing them with a better alternative |
Access time and other conditional restrictions
Restrictions may be limited to a particular time or day. Or they may limit the access for vehicles over a certain weight. Such conditions can be tagged as shown in these tagging examples:
- Only destination access is permitted during 8am and 5pm on Mondays to Fridays:
access:conditional=destination @ (Mo-Fr 08:00-17:00) - Motor vehicles heavier than 5 tonnes may only access this street for the purpose of delivering goods:
motor_vehicle:conditional=delivery @ (weight>5)
Please note that the above tagging style can be used to replace the following time dependent restrictions. It has been suggested that they be deprecated and should therefore no longer be used. date_on=*, date_off=*, day_on=*, day_off=*, hour_on=*, hour_off=*. Also note, that using of conditional tag assumes overt indication of value, which mostly suites as a default value. For example, if access is open on one part of day (on this part of day access=permissive) and is closed on other part of day (on this part of day access=private), we have a situation, when we should mark the object with a tag access=permissive or access=private. There is no concrete, precise and universal algorithm to define, if we should use permissive or private in concrete situation, but we can definitely say, that in such case we can't use access=yes (or not use tag access at all), because access=yes (or absence of tag access) means round-the-clock open access for general public.
- For a full description and more examples, please see the conditional restrictions page.
Size and statutory restrictions
A number of statutory restrictions based on height, width, weight, etc. can also be defined. A assumed units are the appropriate SI unit and should be specified without any suffix. For lengths use metres, for weights use metric tonnes and for times use hours. Decimal numbers should include a decimal point. Exceptions include speeds which should be in mph in places where speed limits are defined in these units and times which can include a suffix of 'days' if appropriate.
- maxweight=*
- maxaxleload=*
- maxheight=* height restriction.
- maxheight:physical=* physical height restriction.
- maxwidth=* (also note width=* for the physical width of the entire road.)
- maxlength=*
- maxdraught=*
- maxspeed=* (km/h by default, mph where specified)
- minspeed=*
- mindistance=* minimum trailing distance, often as mindistance:hgv=* on old bridges or in tunnels
- maxstay=* (maximum parking time)
Routing restrictions
One-way restrictions
Ways may have different access restrictions for each direction. The most simple case is a way designated as a oneway road:
- oneway=yes
- Driving is only allowed in the direction of the way.
- oneway=-1
- Driving is only allowed against the direction of the way.
- oneway=no
- Default. Access is allowed in both directions (this key/value combination does not normally need to be added to ways, unless another tag such as highway=motorway implies oneway=yes).
For more complex direction dependent restrictions, the postfixes :backward and :forward can be used on the keys, for example:
- bicycle:backward=no
- When a road has a oneway cycleway next to it that must be used, and a cyclelane in the other direction.
- bicycle:backward=yes
- When cyclists are allowed to travel in both directions on a oneway street (but no lane is present).
Also in use when cyclists are allowed to travel in the opposite direction:
- cycleway=opposite
- cycleway=opposite_lane
- Only if a separate lane exists.
- cycleway=opposite_track
- Only if a separate track exists.
- oneway:bicycle=no
- Consistent with tags based on conditions. Note: This was previously tagged as "bicycle:oneway=no", but this is deprecated.
The oneway tag can be translated (for routing purposes) to this generic system as follows (oneway restrictions presumably do not apply to pedestrians):
Lane dependent restrictions
- Main article: Lanes
Access restrictions may differ between lanes.
- hgv:lanes=no|yes|yes
- Heavy good vehicles are not allowed on the leftmost lane of a road with three lanes.
- bus:lanes:forward=no|yes|designated
- Buses are not allowed on the leftmost lane of a road with three lanes in forward direction. The rightmost lane is a designated bus lane.
Transport mode restrictions
Use the access=* key to describe a general access restriction that applies to all transport modes.
In theory, adding access=yes to highway=footway could be read as changing default restrictions (which usually are foot=yes and vehicle=no for highway=footway) to yes, highway=footway + access=yes means "road, which is open for all pedestrians and vehicles".
In practice, this combination is often used by mappers to modify (rather than enlarge) default values: for example, access=permissive with highway=steps is very unlikely to be traversable by a truck, whatever the tags may say.
To avoid ambiguity, you may therefore want to avoid general tags access=yes and access=permissive, and use more specific transport modes where appropriate. For example, to distinguish a footway with open access from one with private access, use tags like foot=yes and foot=private instead of access=yes and access=private.
Where different restrictions apply to different modes of transport then mode specific tags can be used. These modal tags each have a place in a hierarchy in which keys become narrower in scope as they branch out from the root.
For example:
- access=no, bus=yes means that only buses are allowed to enter (for example a road only for buses)
- access=yes, motor_vehicle=no means that all transport modes except motor vehicles can use the element
- access=forestry, foot=permissive implies that forestry vehicles can use the route legally and that pedestrians can use it by currently but that permission may later be withdrawn.
- See examples section for more examples.
Land-based transportation
This hierarchy is different in each country. So it's possible that your country has vehicle classes which aren't in this list, doesn't have some which are, and some vehicle classes may even have a different definition from the one listed below:
- access=* (category: any land-based transportation mode)
- Moving without a vehicle
foot=* (pedestrians)- ski=*
- ski:nordic=* (
![[W]](/w/images/2/24/Wikipedia-16px.png "Wikipedia")
cross-country skiing) - ski:alpine=* (downhill skiing)
- ski:telemark=* ( telemark skiing, free-heel)
- ski:nordic=* (
- inline_skates=*
- ice_skates=*
horse=* (horse riders)- vehicle=* (category: any vehicle)
- Non-motorized vehicle
- Single-tracked
bicycle=* (cyclists)
- Double-tracked
carriage=* (horse(s) and carriage)
trailer=* (needs to be towed by another vehicle which has its own restrictions)
caravan=* (a travel trailer, also known as caravan)
- Single-tracked
- motor_vehicle=* (category: any motorized vehicle)
- Single-tracked
motorcycle=* (a 2-wheeled motor vehicle, allowed to drive on motorways)- moped=* (motorized bicycles with a speed restriction; e.g., at most a 50 cc engine or max. speed of about 45 km/h)
mofa=* ("low performance moped", usually with a maximum design speed of 25 km/h)
Double-tracked (category: motor vehicles with more than 2 wheels/more than 1 track)
motorcar=* automobiles/cars (in restrictions it can imply the generic class of double-tracked motorized vehicles)
motorhome=* (a motorhome)
tourist_bus=* describes a bus that is not acting as a public transport bus service, usually for long-distance travel but not always- coach=* a bus for long-distance travel, not part of a public transport bus service
- goods=* (light commercial vehicles; e.g., goods vehicles with a maximum allowed mass of up to 3.5 tonnes)
hgv=* (heavy goods vehicle; e.g., goods vehicles with a maximum allowed mass over 3.5 tonnes)
hgv_articulated=* articulated heavy goods vehicle
agricultural=* (agricultural motor vehicles; e.g., tractors) that have additional restrictions; e.g., a 25 km/h speed limit)- atv=* a.k.a. Quad (bike) (Restricted to or permissive for vehicles 50 in, 1.27 m, or less in width) still in proposal stage. You may want to use maxwidth=1.27 instead.
- snowmobile=*
- By use
- psv=* (public service vehicle)
bus=* (a heavy bus acting as a public service vehicle)- minibus=* (a light bus acting as a public service vehicle)
- share_taxi=* (a light bus acting as demand responsive transit)
- taxi=* (taxi)
- hov=* (high-occupancy vehicle/carpool, varies by location; e.g., at least one passenger)
- car_sharing=* (car sharing vehicles)
- emergency=* (category: emergency motor vehicles; e.g., ambulance, fire truck, police car)
- hazmat=* (motor vehicles carrying hazardous materials)
- disabled=* (holders of blue badge, UK, or other such disabled persons' permit. Used on traffic signs to exempt said group from access restrictions; not just regarding parking)
- psv=* (public service vehicle)
- Single-tracked
- Non-motorized vehicle
- Moving without a vehicle
Not in the list
- Hybrid cars, electric vehicles, other no-emission vehicles (e.g., hydrogen powered).
- Car hire with driver.
- 4wd_only=*
road_train (should that be "hgv_caravan" ?).- Other configurations of hgvs - B-double, double-B doubles and 2AB quads.
- Hand cart: a cart that is pulled or pushed by one or more people.
- Auto rickshaw: a motorized version of the traditional pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw.
Water-based transportation
- access=* (category: any water-based transportation mode)
- boat=* (covers small boats and pleasure crafts, including yachts)
- motorboat=* (boats and yachts using motor, on
also for sailing boats using the motor) - sailboat=* (boats and yachts using sails, on doing way with sail, not using the motor (according to the definition of the Colreg))
- canoe=* (boats without sail or motor, such as small dinghies, canoes, kayaks, etc.)
- motorboat=* (boats and yachts using motor, on
- fishing_vessel=* (covers fishing vessels of any size)
- ship=* (covers commercial vessels of any size and any trade)
- passenger=* (ships carrying passengers, either as a scheduled service (ferries, etc.) or as cruise)
- cargo=* (any type of cargo ship)
- bulk=* (covers all dry bulk cargo)
- tanker=* (covers all wet bulk cargo, including compressed gas)
- tanker:gas=* (compressed or liquefied gas)
- tanker:oil=* (crude oil and oil products)
- tanker:chemical=* (all other products in tanks)
- tanker:singlehull=* (special coverage for single hull as most of Europe and US have more restrictive rules for single hull tankers than for double hull. The general tag is for double hull if this tag is in use.)
- container=* (collective tag for general cargo)
- imdg=* (dangerous cargo covered by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, IMDG)
- isps=* (International Ship and Port Facility Security Regulation.)
- boat=* (covers small boats and pleasure crafts, including yachts)
As suggested, see discussion.
Rail-based transportation
Facility restrictions
Access can be tagged on facilities, typically including
- building entrances, which can be used to model that different entrances are for different groups of users,
- buildings themselves,
- amenities, often used on amenity=parking with restrictions to private (e.g. company employees only) or customers (people visiting a shop),
- leisure entities, such as leisure=sports_centre or leisure=playground where private describes a closed user group, e.g. members only or children of a particular school.
Nodes, ways and areas
Tags of "access" group can be used for nodes, ways and areas. There are different priorities in OSM-community, where to put access tag: to area (usually it is a square, which have some specific conditions of access), to line (usually it is roads inside square) or to node (usually it is gate in barrier, which surrounds square, where there is a possibility to enter the area). Note that access tags mark legal status of territory and barriers and warning signs are only physical reflections of restrictions in area. In such manner, area with private status should have appropriate values, even there is no surrounding barrier or it is broken. Note, that different entrances can have different access values and different roads inside area can have different access values too. For example, we have area with permissive access - so we mark it with access=permissive. But there are several entrances, one of which is designated for all people, and other - only for persons, which have key. So we mark one entrance with access=permissive and other - with access=private. Another example - we have botanical garden with permissive access, which have roads, which are designated for public, and roads, which are designated only for staff of garden. In such case we have access=permissive at one roads and access=private (or access=no) at another.
When you are tagging some area, it is your decision, where to put "access" tags: to area, to entrances or to roads inside area (because nobody can bring you to add some tags somewhere), but removal of correct tags, which were put but someone else, is a mistake (and is close to vandalism). If you like to put tags to areas, do it, if you like to put tags to roads inside areas, do it, if you like to put tags to entrances, do it. But don't delete tags from type of elements, which you don't like.
Examples
- bicycle=yes The public has a right of way when travelling on a bicycle.
- horse=designated The route is designated for use by equestrians.
- motorcycle=unknown It is unclear whether motorcycles can use this section.
- motorcar=private The owner must give access to cars on an individual basis. Access by car is private; e.g., on a private road.
- goods=no General goods vehicle traffic is not allowed.
- hgv=no Heavy goods vehicle traffic is not allowed.
- boat=no Waterway is not available for boat traffic.
- oneway=yes + psv=opposite_lane The street is one way for cars but there is one opposite lane for buses and taxis.
- maxweight=7 The weight limit is 7 tonnes.
- maxaxleload=3.5 The restricted weight limit per axle in tonnes; e.g., 3.5 t.
- maxheight=2.5 The maximum vehicle height is 2.5 meters.
- maxdraught=1 The maximum boat draught is 1 meter.
- maxspeed=110 The maximum speed limit is 110 km/h.
- maxspeed=55 mph The maximum speed limit is 55 mph.
- maxstay=14 days The maximum stay permitted; units in the tag as either hour/hours or day/days.
A one-way street with a cycle lane in the opposite direction:
See also
- Implicit default values
- Conditional restrictions
- access=designated - different explicit administrative designations (like footway, cycleway, bridleway)
- highway=cycleway
- highway=footway
- highway=bridleway
- Approved features/More access keys and values
- male=*, female=*, unisex=*
- min_age=*, max_age=*
