Restrictions

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Restrictions are tags and relations that can be applied to many elements to indicate prohibitions of usage by mode of transport, time of day, physical dimensions, direction of travel, and other properties.

access=* specifies restrictions on the use of highways and other transportation routes (railways, waterways), as well as facilities such as buildings, building entrances, amenities and leisure entities.

Relation:restriction specifies legally permitted ways to turn from one highway to another in a specified junction.

Implied restrictions

In many cases, access restrictions are determined by the very type of the map feature. For example, highway=motorway implies that the way may only be used by motor vehicles, and not by pedestrians and cyclists. Likewise, highway=footway implies that the way is designated for pedestrians, and motor vehicles are not allowed except in emergency cases; however, it does not imply anything about bicycle or horse access in the absence of specific access tags for those modes of transport, or country-specific rules.

Implied restrictions for a particular map feature should be documented in the implied= field of template:ValueDescription, as encoded in its corresponding data item.

Tools such as routers and renderers need to have some fallback values (defaults) for cases where access data is not explicitly tagged. Some possible global and country-specific values are mentioned on OSM tags for routing/Access restrictions, but it is unknown whatever any data consumer is using data specified there. Data users can have valid reasons to use other fallback values than those, and are known to do so.

Note that explicit tagging of access may be still useful, despite any implied defaults. For example, bare highway=path may mean either "surveyed and all defaults apply" or "mapped from LIDAR, not surveyed, may be private". In contrast, highway=path + foot=yes + bicycle=yes affirms that the path has been surveyed and found to be useful by pedestrians and cyclists. The (volatile) default values are not a reason to omit explicit tagging, and are also not a reason to remove existing tagging.

Highway type restrictions

Various mandatory signs[1] also invoke (often country-specific) access (and possibly other) traffic rules and restrictions.

For example, the following traffic signs are correlated to values for road types[2] also tagged in highway=* and commonly imply :

Properties for highways

Other types of traffic signs may not directly invoke access-restrictions but my invoke other traffic rules:

One-way restrictions

Main article: Key:oneway

Ways may have different access restrictions for each direction. The most simple case is a way designated as a oneway road:

  • oneway=yes - Driving is only allowed in the direction of the way.
  • oneway=-1 - Driving is only allowed against the direction of the way. If possible reverse the direction of the way and tag with oneway=yes.
  • oneway=no - Not normally used, as two-way traffic is the default. Use only where another tag (such as highway=motorway) implies oneway=yes.

Exceptions and related special cases

When cyclists are allowed to travel in the opposite direction: oneway:bicycle=no

In addition one may specify also what allows cyclists to travel in both directions:

The oneway tag can be translated (for routing purposes) to this generic system as follows (oneway=* restrictions presumably do not apply to pedestrians; see oneway:foot=* for them):

Lane-dependent restrictions

Main article: Lanes

Access restrictions may differ between lanes.

  • hgv:lanes=no|yes|yes - Heavy good vehicles are not allowed on the leftmost lane of a road with three lanes.
  • bus:lanes:forward=no|yes|designated - Buses are not allowed on the leftmost lane of a road with three lanes in forward direction. The rightmost lane is a designated bus lane.

Turn restrictions

Main article: Turn restriction

Size and statutory restrictions

A number of statutory restrictions based on height, width, weight, etc. can also be defined. They are assumed to be expressed appropriate SI unit and should be specified without any suffix: metres for length, metric tonnes for weights and hours for time. Decimal numbers should include a decimal point. As exceptions, speeds can be expressed in mph where it is the legally used unit, and times which can include a suffix of 'days' if appropriate.

  • maxaxleload=* – legal maximum axle load in metric tonnes.
  • maxheight=* – legal maximum height in metres
  • maxheight:physical=* – maximum height in metres
  • maxlength=* – legal maximum length in metres
  • maxspeed=* – maximum legal speed limit on a road, railway or waterway (km/h by default, mph where specified)
  • maxstay=* – maximum time allowed to stay at a location (e.g., maximum parking time)
  • maxweight=* – permissible maximum actual weight
  • maxweightrating=* – legal access restriction for vehicles with a max allowed weight above the specified weight in metric tonnes.
  • maxwidth=* – maximum width of a vehicle (also note width=* for the physical width of the entire road.)
  • mindistance=* – minimum trailing distance, often as mindistance:hgv=* on old bridges or in tunnels
  • minspeed=* – minimum speed limit on a road, railway or waterway.
  • maxdraught=* – maximum boat draught

Protected areas

In protected areas, such as national parks, wilderness areas or nature reserves, special rules usually apply. Often motor vehicles are banned, sometimes even access on foot is restricted. Details vary depending on the type of area and local jurisdiction and access restrictions can also vary within the area (some ways are allowed for a specific transport mode and some are not). Protected areas are tagged with boundary=protected_area or boundary=national_park, and additionally with protect_class=* to more precisely indicate the type or area. To make access information usable for routing it should be added to the highways in the area. The resulting restrictions can also be added separately on the area, but this is done less often.

Similar considerations apply to low emission zones (boundary=low_emission_zone), military areas (landuse=military), and border zones (boundary=border_zone).

Values

See below for commonly used types of restriction:



Key Value Element Comment Rendering Photo
Vehicle types
access agricultural / delivery / designated / destination / forestry / no / official / permissive / private / yes way General access permission.
  • agricultural – Only for agricultural traffic
  • delivery – Only when delivering to the element.
  • designated – A preferred or designated route for a specific vehicle type or types. Not compulsory but often marked by a traffic sign
  • destination – Used for ways in designated local traffic areas, where traffic should only enter if its destination is within the area
  • forestry – Only for forestry traffic
  • no – No access for the general public. Consider using another tag indicating who can use the element
  • official – The way is dedicated to a specific mode of travel by law. Usually marked by traffic signs and exclusive. In Germany use is also compulsory. clarification needed
  • permissive – Open to general traffic until such time as the owner revokes the permission which they are legally allowed to do at any time in the future.
  • private – Only with permission of the owner on an individual basis
  • yes – The public has an official, legal right of access, i.e. it's a right of way (default value)
WhichAccess.png
agricultural yes / no way Access permission for agricultural vehicles, e.g. tractors.
Sinnbild Traktor.svg
atv For values see access above way Access restricted to wheeled vehicles 1.27m (50 inches) or less in width, for example  ATV
Pictograms ATV All terrain Quad.svg
bdouble For values see access above way area Access permission for  Road Train B-double. A B-double (B-Train) consists of a prime mover towing a specialised trailer (known as a "lead" or "A"-trailer) that has a fifth-wheel mounted on the rear towing another semi-trailer, resulting in two articulation points.
B-double.png
bicycle For values see access above + dismount way Access permission for bicycles. Usage of bicycle=dismount and bicycle=no will vary in different countries. If according to local traffic rules a bicycle is no longer seen as a bicycle when there's no one driving it, then there's no need for using bicycle=dismount. If the local legislation still sees an undriven bicycle as a bicycle then you may need to use both bicycle=dismount and bicycle=no.
Sinnbild Radfahrer, StVO 1992.svg
boat For values see access above way area Access permission for small boats and pleasure crafts, including yachts
Sailboat symbol.svg
electric_bicycle For values see access above way node area Access permission for electric bicycles (mostly defined as having a maximum speed of 25 km/h)
Electric Bicycle Japan.jpg
emergency yes way Access permission for emergency motor vehicles; e.g., ambulance, fire truck, police car
MB-emergency edited.svg
foot For values see access above way Access permission for pedestrians.
Sinnbild Fußgänger.svg
forestry yes / no way Access permission for forestry vehicles, e.g. tractors.
HarvesterKieferwld.jpg
golf_cart For values see access above way Access permission for golf carts and similar small, low-speed electric vehicles
Oak Valley Snow Park Korea 15.JPG
goods For values see access above way Access permission for  light commercial vehicles (LCV) or goods vehicles of category N1 with a maximum allowed mass of up to 3.5 tonnes. In the USA, combined weight 26,000 lbs or less.
Sinnbild LKW.svg
hazmat For values see access above way Access permission for vehicles carrying hazardous materials.
Zeichen 261 stripped.svg
hgv For values see access above way Access permission for  Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) (UK), e.g. for goods vehicles of category N2 and N3 (trucks, lorries) with a maximum allowed mass over 3.5 tonnes. In the USA, combined weight 26,001 lbs or greater.
Sinnbild LKW.svg
horse For values see access above way Access permission for horse riders.
Sinnbild Reiter, StVO 1992.svg
inline_skates yes / no way node area Access permission for  Inline Skates
Pictograms-nps-land-in-line skating stripped.svg
lhv For values see access above way Access permission for  Longer Heavier Vehicle (LHV), e.g. for vehicles with 6 axles and can carry up to 44 metric tons
Sinnbild LKW mit Anhänger.svg
mofa For values see access above way Access permission for  mofas
Sinnbild Mofa.svg
moped For values see access above way Access permission for  mopeds
Icon moped.png
motorboat For values see access above way area Access permission boats and yachts using motor
Speedboat symbol.svg
motorcar For values see access above way Access permission for (motor) cars
Sinnbild PKW.svg
motorcycle For values see access above way Access permission for motorcycles
Sinnbild Kraftrad.svg
motor_vehicle For values see access above way Access permission for any motorized vehicle
Zeichen 260 stripped.svg
psv For values see access above way Access permission for Public Service Vehicles (UK), e.g. buses and coaches
Sinnbild Kraftomnibus.svg
roadtrain For values see access above way area Access permission for  Road train, A road train consists of a relatively conventional tractor unit, but instead of pulling one trailer or semi-trailer, the road train pulls two or more of them.
Aust config.png
ski For values see access above way area Access permission for  skiers
Norwegian-road-sign-790.32.svg
speed_pedelec For values see access above way node area Access permission for electric bicycles (mostly defined as having a maximum speed of 45 km/h)
Riese und Müller New Charger S-Pedelec links.jpg
tank For values see access above way area Access permission for (military) tanks
Panzer aus Zusatzzeichen 1049-12.svg
vehicle For values see access above way Access permission for all vehicles
Zeichen 250 - Verbot für Fahrzeuge aller Art, StVO 1992.svg
4wd_only yes way A road signed as only suitable for 4WD (offroad) vehicles
Canning Stock Route.jpg
Other
alcohol yes / no node area Whether alcohol is allowed, or what type of alcohol may be served, at a location.
No alcohol-1.svg
dog yes / no node way area relation Describes if dogs are allowed.
Noun 364.svg
drinking_water:legal yes / no node area Indication whether a feature is officially considered as a drinking water.
Cape Town - Drough.jpg
female yes node area Female-only or gender segregated (with male=yes) feature
Female-Symbol-Silhouette.png
male yes node area Male-only or gender segregated (with female=yes) feature
Male-Symbol-Silhouette.png
max_age age node area The legal maximum age
maxaxleload Weight way The legal maximum axleload – units other than tonnes should be explicit
Zeichen 263.svg
maxheight Height way Height limit – units other than metres should be explicit
Zeichen 265-3,8 - Verbot für Fahrzeuge über angegebene tatsächliche Höhe, StVO 2017.svg
maxlength Length way Length limit – units other than metres should be explicit
Zeichen 266-10 - Verbot für Fahrzeuge über angegebene tatsächliche Länge, StVO 2017.svg
maxspeed Speed way Maximum speed – units other than km/h should be explicit
Zeichen 274-60 - Zulässige Höchstgeschwindigkeit, StVO 2017.svg
maxstay Number way Maximum stay, in units given (hour/hours/day/days)
Max stay cropped.png
maxweight Weight way Weight limit – units other than tonnes should be explicit
Zeichen 262-5,5 - Verbot für Fahrzeuge über angegebene tatsächliche Masse, StVO 2017.svg
maxwidth Width way Width limit – units other than metres should be explicit
Zeichen 264-2 - Verbot für Fahrzeuge über angegebene tatsächliche Breite, StVO 2017.svg
min_age age node area The legal minimum age
minspeed Speed way Minimum speed – units other than km/h should be explicit
Zeichen 275-30 - Vorgeschriebene Mindestgeschwindigkeit, StVO 2017.svg
noexit yes node way A dead end road/cul de sac with only one access road
Zeichen 357 - Sackgasse, StVO 1992.svg
oneway yes / no / -1 way
oneway=yes for traffic direction same as the sequence of nodes of the way.
oneway=no for bidirectional traffic.
oneway=-1 for traffic direction opposite to the sequence of nodes of the way (if the way cannot be reversed).
Some road types are assumed to be one-way (e.g. highway=motorway), others are assumed to be two-way (most others).
OneWaySign.png
openfire yes / no node area relation This property specifies whether open fires are allowed at a feature.
Campsite Fireplace.svg
Relation:restriction relation Used for a set of tags and members to represent a turn restriction.
France road sign B2b.svg
smoking yes / no node area relation For marking applicable smoking rules. However, if a law mandates a given smoking rule, that need not be mapped.
No Smoking.svg
toll yes node Toll or fee must be paid to access way. See also barrier=toll_booth
1 4 18 (Swedish road sign).svg
traffic_sign city_limit node Start/end sign of city limits, in most countries implies a specific "city maxspeed".
Denmark City limit sign begin.svg
unisex yes node area Unisex feature
Gender Neutral (13777) - The Noun Project.svg

This table is a wiki template with a default description in English. Editable here.


References

  1. See the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals: https://unece.org/DAM/trans/conventn/Conv_road_signs_2006v_EN.pdf
  2. These road types and example traffic signs are from the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. Residential areas are defined in the European Annex.

See also