Key:defensive_works

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defensive_works
Error creating thumbnail:
Description
Military constructions or buildings designed for the defence of territories in warfare. Show/edit corresponding data item.
Group: military
Used on these elements
may be used on nodesmay be used on waysmay be used on areas (and multipolygon relations)should not be used on relations (except multipolygon relations)
Documented values: 3
Useful combination
See also
Status: approvedError creating thumbnail:
More details at taginfo
Tools for this tag

This key is used to tag individual defensive structures mainly at historic/pre-modern Error creating thumbnail: fortifications. It is intended for all structures that were built for the defence of territories in warfare. This includes fortified settlements as well as forts that are/were uninhabited during peacetime.

Values for defensive_works=* contain terms used in fortification engineering.[1][2][3][4][5]

How to map

Individual defensive works should be mapped as node Nodes at their centre, as way Ways along a centre line or as area Areas along the outlines. The best fitting method depends on the size and shape of the structure. They should be tagged with defensive_works=* and may receive additional tags.

Mappers are encouraged to combine this tag with other tags where they are relevant. If a structure is actively used by the military, it is recommended to add a military=* tag to it.

Tagging

Key Value Description Sample photo
defensive_works barbican A Error creating thumbnail: barbican Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works bastion A Error creating thumbnail: bastion. The tag defensive_works=demi-bastion also has minor usage. Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works battery A Error creating thumbnail: fixed artillery battery.

Individual guns or cannons can be tagged with historic=cannon.

File:Battery Ledyard Angel Island.JPG
defensive_works batardeau A [W]batardeau[6] Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works caponier A Error creating thumbnail: caponier Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works cavalier A Error creating thumbnail: cavalier File:Malta - Birgu - Ix-Xatt tal-Birgu - Fort Saint Angelo (MSTHC) 02 ies.jpg
defensive_works counterguard A Error creating thumbnail: counterguard Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works counterscarp A Error creating thumbnail: counterscarp File:Antwerpen Schansstraat fort VIII, reduit met droge gracht en contrescarp (links) - 391094 - onroerenderfgoed.jpg
defensive_works couvreface A Error creating thumbnail: couvreface File:Maastricht, Linie van Du Moulin, droge gracht tussen couvreface Du Moulin & bastion Stadhouder 1.JPG
defensive_works crownwork A Error creating thumbnail: crownwork File:Luchtfoto bourtange.jpg
defensive_works curtain_wall A Error creating thumbnail: curtain wall. See also Error creating thumbnail: defensive wall. File:Courtine dame blanche.JPG
defensive_works faussebraye A Error creating thumbnail: faussebraye is a lower wall in front of the main defensive wall of a fortification. File:Heusden onderwal.jpg
defensive_works glacis A Error creating thumbnail: glacis is an artificial slope that is part of a fortification. File:Glacis field jersey.JPG
defensive_works hornwork A Error creating thumbnail: hornwork File:Nicpmi-01514-1-birgu fortifications hornwork of the post of castile.jpg
defensive_works inundation_sluice A Error creating thumbnail: sluice made for Error creating thumbnail: military inundation Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works lunette A Error creating thumbnail: lunette or demi-lune is an Error creating thumbnail: outwork in the shape of a half-moon. File:LünetteII 1.jpg
defensive_works moat A Error creating thumbnail: moat that historically provided a fortification with a preliminary line of defence.

For moats filled with water, add the tags natural=water and water=moat.

File:Dourdan castle dry moat.jpg
defensive_works motte A Error creating thumbnail: motte File:Launceston Castle - geograph.org.uk - 22242.jpg
defensive_works ravelin A Error creating thumbnail: ravelin Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works redan A Error creating thumbnail: redan File:Redan Naxxar 3.jpeg
defensive_works redoubt A Error creating thumbnail: redoubt File:Ximenes Redoubt in Salina, Naxxar, Malta.jpg
defensive_works reduit A Error creating thumbnail: reduit Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works roundel A Error creating thumbnail: roundel File:Rondella della Bacola.jpg
defensive_works tenaille A Error creating thumbnail: tenaille File:Tenaille, Fort Manoel.jpg
defensive_works water_gate A Error creating thumbnail: water gate Error creating thumbnail:
defensive_works User-defined Use technical terms in fortification engineering. Error creating thumbnail:

Tags to use in combination

  • name=* - if a defensive structure is named. Do not use the name of the fortification to tag individual structures.
  • heritage=* - if the structure has a heritage status. If only the entire fortification has a heritage status, do not use heritage tags for individual structures.
  • building=bunker - if the structure is a Error creating thumbnail: bunker
  • start_date=* - year of completion
  • abandoned=yes - if the structure has been abandoned and shows signs of decay
  • ruins=yes - if the structure is in ruins

Similar and related tags

Diagrams

References

  1. ↑ https://www.angelfire.com/wy/svenskildbiter/madict.html
  2. ↑ https://books.google.nl/books?id=6gc0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR41-IA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
  3. ↑ https://books.google.nl/books?id=AUFYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP3#v=onepage&q&f=false
  4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms#Engineering
  5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fortification_(architectural_elements)
  6. ↑ https://books.google.nl/books?id=6gc0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA122
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