Pt:API de Overpass

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Introdução

A API de Overpass (Overpass API, em inglês), anteriormente conhecida como OSM Server Side Scripting ou OSM3S, antes de 2011, é uma API somente leitura que serve partes selecionadas personalizadas dos dados do mapa OSM. Ele atua como um banco de dados na Web: o cliente envia uma consulta à API e recupera o conjunto de dados que corresponde à consulta.

Ao contrário da API principal, que é otimizada para edição, a API de Overpass é otimizada para consumidores de dados que precisam de alguns elementos em um vislumbre ou até aproximadamente 10 milhões de elementos em alguns minutos, ambos selecionados por critérios de pesquisa como por exemplo localização, tipo de objetos, propriedades de etiquetas, proximidade ou combinações deles. Ele atua como um back-end de banco de dados para vários serviços.

A API do Overpass possui uma linguagem de consulta poderosa com muito mais recursos do que as ferramentas anteriores baseadas em XAPI. Para obter detalhes, consulte o guia de idioma de nível introdutório ou a referência abrangente do guia/idioma de Overpass QL. É altamente recomendável que você se familiarize com vários recursos via overpass turbo, um front-end interativo baseado na Web. Para aplicativos herdados, há também uma camada de compatibilidade para permitir uma transição suave do XAPI.

Public Overpass API instances

To support small and well scaling OSM main services, Overpass API is run as a third party service. You can use the public visible instances:

Name Data coverage Endpoint Version Attic data Hardware Munin Usage policy
Main Overpass API instance Global https://lz4.overpass-api.de/api/interpreter 0.7.55.5 2ca3f387 sim 4 physical cores, 64 GB RAM, SSD Link Any of the three servers has a total capacity of about 1,000,000 requests per day. You can safely assume that you don't disturb other users when you do less than 10,000 queries per day and download less than 5 GB data per day. The address overpass-api.de and endpoint https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter will continue to work and redirects per round robin to z and lz4.
Main Overpass API instance Global https://z.overpass-api.de/api/interpreter 0.7.55.5 2ca3f387 sim 4 physical cores, 32 GB RAM, SSD Link
Swiss Overpass API instance Switzerland only http://overpass.osm.ch/api/interpreter 0.7.55 579b1eec não 12 cores, 64 GB RAM, hard disks ? Ask User:Datendelphin
Irish Overpass API instance Island of Ireland only http://overpass.openstreetmap.ie/api/interpreter (http://overpass-turbo.openstreetmap.ie/) 0.7.54 não 4 x 2.6GHz cores, 8GB RAM, hard disks ? Server also runs several other services so only for light usage.
Internal Overpass API instance of Walk Commander app Global Please contact project maintainer to get access (info@appsthatmatter.de) 0.7.52 não 4 cores, 32GB RAM, hard disks ? Please contact project maintainer to get access (info@appsthatmatter.de)
kumi.systems Overpass API Global https://overpass.kumi.systems/api/interpreter 0.7.55.3 9da5e7ae sim 3 servers with 20 cores, 256GB RAM, SSD each - Feel free to use this server in any project. The individual servers can be found at 1.overpass.kumi.systems, 2.overpass.kumi.systems and 3.overpass.kumi.systems, respectively. The main URL will forward to one of those through round-robin and should be used whenever possible. Operational issues/questions/feedback? Please post a support ticket.

A very simple quality assessment tool monitoring Overpass servers can be found here: [1].

Queries to the Overpass API are in XML or Overpass QL form. See the semantics explained below.

You can use the Overpass turbo frontend to create and display queries for the above-mentioned Overpass API instances.

Overpass API also provides permanent links.

Community: where can I get help?

There are several community sites providing help for Overpass API and overpass turbo related questions. It is the recommended channel for introductory to expert level questions or more generally, if your question is interesting to a wider audience.

Site Language Frequently used 'tags' for questions
OSM Help English overpass, overpass-turbo
GIS StackExchange English overpass-api
Stack Overflow English overpass-api

Developers / System Administrators

You can install your own instance from the latest stable release or the git source code repository (latest version). It is licensed under the Affero GPL v3.

The project is maintained by Roland Olbricht (mail: roland.olbricht@gmx.de). Contributions like bug reports or pull requests to the source code are welcome.

There is a mailing list for developers

Limitations

Every service has its limitations, and so does Overpass API:

Downloading big data
As the size of an Overpass API query result is only known when the download is complete. It is impossible to give an ETA while downloading. And the dynamically generated files from Overpass API typically take longer to generate and download than downloading existing static extracts of the same region. As a result, when you want to extract country-sized regions with all (or nearly all) data in it, it's better to use planet.osm mirrors for that. Overpass API is most useful when the amount of data needed is only a selection of the data available in the region.
Querying of OSM data history
Overpass API doesn't offer changeset-based criteria. It's possible to work around that, by using time-based diffs, but this may be clumsy. Overpass API also can't give you full history of an object, but time-based selection criteria can give you the state of an object at a certain time. (this is supported since version 0.7.55 via retro and timeline, see https://dev.overpass-api.de/blog/sliced_time_and_space.html)

The map query

Before we get to a detailed syntax explanation, we present the probably most common use case, the map query, to collect all data (including metadata) from a given bounding box (these requests are compacted to the minimum; note that the icon links to run those requests also include parameters to set the center of the rendered map at specified coordinates and zoom level, and to run the request immediately on load):

Overpass QL Overpass XML
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
(
   node(51.249,7.148,51.251,7.152);
   <;
);
out meta;
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
<union>
  <bbox-query s="51.249" w="7.148" n="51.251" e="7.152"/>
  <recurse type="up"/>
</union>
<print mode="meta"/>

To run this query, you can feed it into this query form, or you can use Overpass Turbo to see the results on a map.

The order of values in the bounding box (51.249,7.148,51.251,7.152) is minimum latitude, minimum longitude, maximum latitude, maximum longitude (or South-West-North-East). See more details about bbox below.

Simple usage examples

To find out more about the Overpass API query language, see Overpass API Language Guide, as well as the Overpass API Query Language description.

Resource management options (osm-script)

The osm-script is silently added if you don't specify it explicitly when using the XML syntax. The reason to specify one explicitly is to tweak the resource management options by setting optional XML attributes (equivalent bracketted options may also be specified in an empty statement at start of your query when using the QL syntax).

Overpass XML Overpass QL
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
<osm-script timeout="900" element-limit="1073741824">
  <bbox-query s="51.15" w="7.0" n="51.35" e="7.3"/>
  <print/>
</osm-script>
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
[timeout:900][maxsize:1073741824];
node(51.15,7.0,51.35,7.3);
out;

This query extends the timeout from 3 minutes to 15 minutes (written as 900 seconds). Additionally, the soft quota for memory usage is set to 1 GiB (equals 1073741824 byte).

Warning: when running this example, more than 100 MiB of data will be retrieved (even if it does not recurse up to give all details like in the first example, here it will only retrieve a flat list of nodes with their tags). Overpass will alert you if you run it directly in your browser to render the data on the map, the browser tab may crash if you continue loading it. The results of such large requests should be downloaded for processing by other tools.

These resource limits cannot be set to arbitrary high values: each Overpass API instance may refuse to extend them above some threshold (depending on server capabilities or current server load), or the query may just fail with an error message (and non-OK HTTP server error status).

Advanced usage examples

The following examples introduce the remaining commands recurse and around. They only make sense in combination with other commands.

Again, all of the following examples can be tested by copying the snippets to http://www.overpass-api.de/query_form.html.

Note: Queries may take several minutes to be completed. If you receive timeouts, you can extend the timeout period.

Recurse

With recurse, you query for membership relations. It is available for ways to get all referred nodes, for relations to get all member nodes or member ways. Or the other way round, to get for a node, way or relation the ways or relations the element is member of. You select among the type of element by the type attribute.

Example: Get the nodes of all relations that have the key ref with value E61. In fact, get all bus stops served by E61.

Overpass QL Overpass XML
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
rel[ref="E61"];
node(r);

out body;
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
<osm-script><query type="relation">
  <has-kv k="ref" v="E61"/>
</query>
<recurse type="relation-node"/>

<print/></osm-script>


Get the ways of all relations that have the key ref with value E61. In fact, that is the itinerary served by E61.

Overpass QL Overpass XML
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
rel[ref="E61"];
way(r);

out body;
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
<osm-script><query type="relation">
  <has-kv k="ref" v="E61"/>
</query>
<recurse type="relation-way"/>

<print/></osm-script>


Get the nodes of the above mentioned ways. You don't get the bus stops, but that is intentionally - see below at the union examples.

Overpass QL Overpass XML
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
rel[ref="E61"];
way(r);
node(w);

out body;
try it yourself in overpass-turbo
<osm-script><query type="relation">
  <has-kv k="ref" v="E61"/>
</query>
<recurse type="relation-way"/>
<recurse type="way-node"/>

<print/></osm-script>


Get all relations that have the nodes named Lichtscheid as members. These are the bus lines stopping there. 

<query type="node">
  <has-kv k="name" v="Lichtscheid"/>
</query>
<recurse type="node-relation"/>

<print/>

Get all the ways that have a node member within the given bounding box. 

<bbox-query s="51.249" n="51.251" w="7.149" e="7.151"/>
<recurse type="node-way"/>

<print/>

And we can also get relation members of relations: 

<query type="relation">
  <has-kv k="name" v="VRR Buslinien"/>
</query>
<recurse type="relation-relation"/>

<print/>

Or the same thing backwards: 

<query type="relation">
  <has-kv k="ref" v="E61"/>
</query>
<recurse type="relation-backwards"/>

<print/>

Around

around allows you to get all nodes near one or more given nodes. For example, to get all nodes that are at most 10 meters around the nodes called Bristol:

try it yourself in overpass-turbo
<query type="node">
  <has-kv k="name" v="Bristol"/>
</query>
<around radius="10"/>
<print/>

You can also chain queries to get only nodes satisfying a second criterion that are located near nodes matching the first criterion. Here, we will search for all bus stops within 100 meters of pubs named "Bristol":

try it yourself in overpass-turbo
<query type="node">
  <has-kv k="amenity" v="pub"/>
  <has-kv k="name" v="Bristol"/>
</query>
<query type="node">
  <around radius="100"/>
  <has-kv k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
</query>
<print/>

Building blocks

We still have some helper statements to explain, in particular union, item, the variable mechanism, and foreach.

Again, all of the following examples can be tested by copying the snippets to http://www.overpass-api.de/query_form.html.

Union

Union allows you to group the results of several queries. For example, you can get all nodes that have name Lichtscheid or Müngstener Straße. 

<union>
  <query type="node">
    <has-kv k="name" v="Lichtscheid"/>
  </query>
  <query type="node">
    <has-kv k="name" v="Müngstener Straße"/>
  </query>
</union>
<print/>

Another usage would be to get a relation with all of its members, including the nodes of member ways. 

<union>
  <query type="relation">
    <has-kv k="ref" v="CE 61"/>
  </query>
  <recurse type="relation-node" into="nodes"/>
  <recurse type="relation-way"/>
  <recurse type="way-node"/>
</union>
<print/>

This needs some explanation:

  • query collects the relations with ref CE 61. It writes the result to the default variable _. And the embracing union collects the data.
  • recurse relation-node collects the nodes that are members of the above found relations. The result is placed in the variable nodes (we don't need it there anymore, just to keep relations in the default variable). And it is collected by the embracing union.
  • recurse relation-way sees again the relations from the default variable and returns the ways that are members of the default variable's relations. Again, the embracing union collects the results.
  • recurse way-node finally returns the nodes that are members of the ways just collected. This is the last piece of data that goes into the union's result.

If you think this is complicated, you are right. I'm open to suggestions how to improve the statement semantics, but I haven't found anything systematic yet.

Now we are ready to assemble the map call, by combining a bbox-query with several recurse statements and embracing the whole thing with an union.

Item

Part of the idea behind item and variables you have already seen in the preceding example: every statement fetches its input from a variable and puts its output into a variable. If you omit the variable name, it defaults to _. This makes in possible to remove almost all explicit specifications of variables. The input is always fetched from the variable named by the attribute from, the output is always put into the variable specified with into. 

<query type="way" into="foo">
  <has-kv k="name" v="Am Hofe"/>
</query>
<print from="foo"/>

E.g., this does the same as the respective example at print, but it uses the explicitly stated variable foo.

To make this concept fully versatile, item allows you to specify a set as input in union and query: 

<query type="relation">
  <has-kv k="network" v="VRR"/>
  <has-kv k="ref" v="645"/>
</query>
<recurse type="relation-node" into="stops"/>
<query type="node">
  <around from="stops" radius="100"/>
  <has-kv k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
</query>
<union>
  <item/>
  <recurse type="node-relation"/>
  <query type="node">
    <around from="stops" radius="100"/>
    <has-kv k="park_ride"/>
  </query>
</union>
<print/>

Here, in the middle, the item ensures that the beforehand collected data for bus_stop is included in the results of union. This also shows how the variable stops is necessary to make the query possible. 

<bbox-query s="51.15" n="51.35" w="7.0" e="7.3"/>
<recurse type="node-way"/>
<query type="way">
  <item/>
  <has-kv k="highway" v="motorway"/>
</query>
<print/>

The item in query restricts the possibly found items to those already found in the step before, with recurse. Thus, we have a complete query to find ways with arbitrary tags within a bbox.

Foreach

<query type="relation">
  <has-kv k="type" v="multipolygon"/>
  <has-kv k="name"/>
</query>
<foreach into="pivot">
  <union>
    <recurse type="relation-way" from="pivot"/>
    <recurse type="way-node"/>
  </union>
  <make-area pivot="pivot"/>
</foreach>

This is the essential part of the rule that creates the areas. We do not explain the make-area here. The first part with query collects all relations with certain properties. In the second part, we want to do something with each element in the result of query. This does foreach. The body of the loop is executed once for every element in the input set, containing exactly this single element in the output set, here named as pivot.

Meta data

Beside the special mode of print, there are two statements dedicated to query for specific meta data, user and newer.

User

You can select all data that has been touched the last time by a particular user. Choose the user name (for example, mine): 

<user name="Roland Olbricht"/>
<print mode="meta"/>

Or choose a user id: 

<user uid="65282"/>
<print mode="meta"/>

This statement can also be used within a query statement. It then restricts the result to data that has been last touched by the provided user: 

<query type="node">
  <user name="Roland Olbricht"/>
  <has-kv k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
  <bbox-query s="51.2" n="51.35" w="7.05" e="7.3"/>
</query>
<print mode="meta"/>

Newer

Newer can be used within query statement (and not as a standalone statement). It restricts the output to elements that are newer than the given date. The date must be in the format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ. It refers, as the results, always to the timezone UTC. 

<query type="node">
  <newer than="2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"/>
  <has-kv k="highway" v="bus_stop"/>
  <bbox-query s="51.2" n="51.35" w="7.05" e="7.3"/>
</query>
<print mode="meta"/>

If you want to get all nodes newer than a certain date from a bbox, you can use query with an item substatement. 

<bbox-query s="51.2" n="51.35" w="7.05" e="7.3"/>
<query type="node">
  <item/>
  <newer than="2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"/>
</query>
<print mode="meta"/>

Public transport example

Example preview of line 6 (APS Mobilità).

An interesting example of how the Overpass API can be integrated into an application - a service to generate line diagrams for public transport.

See example prerendered views on the right. More examples on this page.

On this wiki, you can create links to this tool with the documented {{Sketch Line}} template.

(Please be patient - each request can take up to 10 seconds to generate, depending on server load.)

Note: As of Overpass API v0.7.52, PTv2 support has some known issues, resulting in duplicate stop names or some gaps, see Github issue #190. Rendering issues for newer PTvX versions or variations thereof may be possible as well.

XAPI Compatibility Layer

For details and examples see:

Programs/Scripts around Overpass

Python API

Node.js API

Converters

Talks, Presentations, Workshops

This section lists previous presentation, talks, workshops on Overpass API and related topics. Many presentations are a good start even for beginners with lots of examples.

Date Event Location Title Type Speaker Language Links
Autumn 2017 Université Rennes (FR) Introduction aux données OpenStreetMap et à l'API Overpass Turbo Presentation Boris Mericskay French Slides
September 2016 SotM 2016 Brussels (BE) Gardening OSM data with Overpass API Presentation Roland Olbricht English Video
July 2016 FOSSGIS 2016 - OSM-Sonntag Salzburg (AT) Overpass-Abfragen jenseits key=value selber schreiben Workshop Nakaner German Slides
May 2016 SOTM FR 2016 Clermont-Ferrand (FR) Démystifier l'API Overpass / Demystify the Overpass API Workshop Antoine Riche French Video
Oct 2015 FOSS@HFT Stuttgart Stuttgart (DE) Parametrisierter Download aus einer weltweiten Geodatenbank (OpenStreetmap) sowie daran anschliessend mit dem Workshop Algorithmik und Technik, Hypothesenprüfung Presentation/Workshop Roland Olbricht German Video
July 2015 AGIT 2015 Salzburg (AT) Overpass API: OpenStreetMap-Daten vorgefiltert beziehen Presentation Roland Olbricht German ?
June 2015 SotM US 2015 NYC (US) Working with OSM diffs / The Overpass API Workshop Roland Olbricht English ?, Abstract
April 2015 geo-spatial.org Cluj (RO) Overpass API: utilizarea datelor OpenStreetMap pentru a realiza hărți tematice Workshop Alex Morega Romanian Workshop materials
March 2015 FOSSGIS 2015 Münster (DE) Schatzsuche in OpenStreetMap Presentation Roland Olbricht German Abstract, Video
March 2015 FOSSGIS 2015 Münster (DE) OpenStreetMap-Daten pflegen und finden mit der Overpass API Workshop (paid) Roland Olbricht German no material available
February 2015 FOSDEM 2015 Bruxelles (BE) Overpass-API - A service to query OpenStreetMap data Presentation Roland Olbricht English Slides, Video
September 2014 Bonn (DE) Overpass-API Seminar bei ZERA Workshop Roland Olbricht German Manuscript, Slides
June 2014 SotM-EU 2014 Karlsruhe (DE) Overpass API v0.7.50 - The temporal dimension Presentation Roland Olbricht English Slides/Video
June 2014 SotM-EU 2014 Karlsruhe (DE) Sparse Editing - Editing Large-Scale Objects Presentation Roland Olbricht English Slides/Video
April 2014 Grazer Linuxtage 2014 Graz (AT) OpenStreetMap Daten nutzen Presentation Martin Raifer German Slides
March 2014 FOSSGIS 2014 Berlin (DE) Daten aus OpenStreetMap extrahieren, analysieren und filtern mit der Overpass API Workshop (paid) Roland Olbricht German no material available
October 2013 Intergeo 2013 Essen (DE) OSM-Daten direkt nutzen mit der Overpass API Presentation Roland Olbricht German Slides
October 2013 OSMit 2013 Rovereto (IT) Overpass Turbo Presentation Martin Raifer Italian Slides
March 2013 FOSSGIS 2013 Rapperswil (CH) Daten aus OpenStreetMap extrahieren, analysieren und filtern mit der Overpass API Workshop Roland Olbricht German Slides
March 2013 FOSSGIS 2013 Rapperswil (CH) overpass turbo - Einfache Analyse von OpenStreetMap Daten Presentation Martin Raifer German Slides, Video, Tagungsband FOSSGIS 2013
March 2013 FOSSGIS 2013 Rapperswil (CH) Mobile Karten erstellen mit OSM, OpenLayers und Overpass API Presentation Roland Olbricht German Slides, Video
December 2012 OSMDE009 OSM Talk: Die Overpass API Podcast Roland Olbricht, Stephan/RadioOSM German Link
March 2012 FOSSGIS 2012 Berlin (DE) Overpass API Presentation Roland Olbricht German Slides, Tagungsband FOSSGIS 2012
July 2011 SotM-EU 2011 Vienna (AT) Overpass API - an open and slim XAPI alternative Presentation Roland Olbricht English Slides, Video

Books

Olbricht, Roland (2015). “OpenStreetMap in GIScience”. in Jokar Arsanjani, J.; Zipf, A.; Mooney, P. et al.. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. pp. 101-122. ISBN 978-3-319-14280-7. 

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