Template:Zh-hans:Building typology

建筑物

用以识别单个建筑物或相连的建筑体。 请参见建筑物查看这个标签的更多使用细节，关于给其它不同的结构打标签，请查看 man_made=* 。 建筑物标签是为建筑物的最初设计和物理状态而设的：若想表达某个建筑群当前的实际功能（如警察局、教堂、市政厅、博物馆），你应该添加额外的标签，如 amenity=*, tourism=*, shop=* 等。

例如，填写 building=supermarket 是不足以表达这个地点是否有一家正在营业的超市的，其仅仅表达了这里是一个符合超市结构的构筑物。所以，想要完整表达超市构筑物和它的超市功能，需要增加 shop=supermarket 标签以表达它是一家正常营业的超市。另外，单独填写 shop=*/amenity=* 标签，也不足以表达其营业地点的构筑物本体, 所以在标记营业场所时，不能缺少建筑物的 building=* 标签。

这一段描述可以理解为：building=supermarket + shop=supermarket = 超市楼房 + 超市招牌。

键	值	注释	图片
居住区/居民地
building	apartments	公寓楼：用作分配住宅的建筑，通常有多个的楼层。也可能在首层有临街店铺。
building	barracks	兵营：为安置军事人员或相关劳动者而建造的建筑物。
building	bungalow	平房：一个单层的独立小房子，在野外俗称乡间宅第。
building	cabin	小木屋：矮小、施工风格粗犷、有圆木外墙的小屋，通常在野外和林地常见。
building	detached	分离式建筑：附属于附近一户独栋人家或主建筑的独立小屋，通常可用作车库、仓库、工坊等。
building	dormitory	宿舍：为各类院校的学生预备的居住建筑（注意，在英式英语中，这个词不是集体宿舍，可能是单间）。或者可以使用 building=residential 外加 residential=university 来表达这是给学生居住用的建筑。
building	farm	农宅：一种在农场之内、与农业风格相符的农家住宅。对于农场里的其他作用建筑，请参见下方的 building=farm_auxiliary，building=barn 等。如果你所在国家的农宅外形和普通房屋相似，那也可以直接使用 building=house 标签。另外可参考一下 landuse=farmyard 用以表示其周边的农庄地带。
building	ger	蒙古包（或类似的帐篷建筑）：永久性或季节性的蒙古包等。
building	hotel	酒店：设计有多个客房用以过夜留宿的建筑物。此标签使用时，通常与 tourism=hotel 标签配合，用以表达附属娱乐设施和停车设施。
building	house	房屋（不仅限于独栋房屋）：大家都喜欢的独栋房子，或是联排房屋的其中一栋。每栋内部为一个家庭所居住（其内部也有可能是迷你民宿、迷你公寓，但至少有一个公共厨房等设施）。房屋可为多种类型：其有附属的分离式建筑（例如车库、仓库、工坊）；若绘制的房屋是联排房屋中的其中一栋，那么其应至少存在两个与邻户共用的节点（公共点），并可以用这些点来定义两套产权界线上的公共墙。
building	houseboat	船屋：主要用作住宅的水上船只。
building	residential	居住区/居民地：用以表达居民地建筑物的通用标签，并且可以考虑使用更详细标记，例如“公寓”、“联排房屋”、“房屋”、“半分离房屋”等。
building	semidetached_house	半独立式房屋：两者之间有一堵公共墙的两户对称（或近乎对称）的房屋。在美式英语中，通常称为"duplex"。
building	static_caravan	拖车房屋：一座可移动房屋，以永久或半永久性质放置在该地。
building	terrace	联排房屋：此标签用于直接表达一整串紧密相邻的民宅的外轮廓。这些房屋的每个组成户都有其独立的出入口，它们串联在一起，组成的即是联排房屋 (在北美英语中，联排房屋称为"row-house"或"townhouse")。条件允许的话，也请考虑使用前文介绍的"house"值去定义其中每一户民宅的具体区域。
商业
building	commercial	商业：用以表达未指定主要业务、或多元化业务的商业建筑物，不一定就要是办公楼。另外，如果符合实际情况，请考虑对周边的区域使用 landuse=commercial 标签，若这些建筑群内主要是商店，则应考虑使用'retail'（零售）作为值。
building	industrial	工业：用于工业用途的建筑物。如果该建筑物主要是用于仓储/物流，则应使用'warehouse'（仓库）值。也请考虑对周边的区域使用 landuse=industrial ，且应用 man_made=works 此类或相关的标签来描述其具体的工业活动类型。
building	kiosk	售货亭/小卖部：一个小型单间零售建筑。
building	office	办公楼/办公室：办公建筑。可使用 office=* 字段以注明其具体业务类型。请考虑对其周边的区域使用 landuse=commercial 标签，若此建筑内主要是商店，则还是应考虑使用'retail'（零售）作为值。
building	retail	零售：主要用于向公共社会销售商品的建筑。使用 shop=* 标签以注明其销售的商品类型，或应用 amenity=* pub, cafe, restaurant等字段，以注明酒吧、咖啡厅、餐厅等服务场所。也请考虑对其周边区域使用 landuse=retail 作为标签.
building	supermarket	超市/超级市场：用于自选购物的大型市场、商店建筑。
building	warehouse	仓库：主要用于存储货物、商品，或用来作为物流系统的建筑。
宗教
building	cathedral	大教堂：一座大教堂。可对其和周边附属地带关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=*，denomination=*和landuse=religious。
building	chapel	小教堂：一座小教堂。可对其和周边附属地带关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=*，denomination=*和landuse=religious。
building	church	教堂/礼拜堂：一座常见的普通教堂。可对其和周边附属地带关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=*，denomination=*和landuse=religious。
building	kingdom_hall	王国堂。一座 王国堂。其与附属周边地带常关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=christian，denomination=jehovahs_witness和 landuse=religious。
building	monastery	修道院：一座 修道院。通常，修道院还会关联好几座不同功能的建筑物。对于真正运作中的修道院（或其社区范围），请用 amenity=monastery 进行注明。 对于以前的修道院历史古迹，请参考使用 historic=monastery。
building	mosque	清真寺：一座清真寺。可对其和周边附属地带关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=*，denomination=*和landuse=religious。
building	presbytery	长老会：用于牧者、神父等宗教团体的首领生活和居住的建筑物。
building	religious	宗教：对于宗教相关建筑的通用标签。在条件允许的情况下，还是请考虑使用前文内容对宗教建筑做详细的注明。
building	shrine	神社：一座神社。可对其和周边附属地带关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=*，denomination=*和landuse=religious。对于常见的小型的神社，应考虑使用 historic=wayside_shrine（路边神龛）标签。
building	synagogue	犹太教堂：一座犹太教堂。可对其和周边附属地带关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=*，denomination=*和landuse=religious。
building	temple	寺庙：一座寺庙。可对其和周边附属地带关联使用 amenity=place_of_worship，religion=*，denomination=*和landuse=religious。
公共
building	bakehouse	A building that was built as a bakehouse (i.e. for baking bread). Often used in conjunction with another node amenity=baking_oven and oven=wood_fired.
building	civic	A generic tag for a building created to house some civic amenity, for example amenity=community_centre, amenity=library, amenity=toilets, leisure=sports_centre, leisure=swimming_pool, amenity=townhall etc. Use amenity=* or leisure=* etc. to provide further details. See building=public and more specific tags like building=library as well.
building	college	A college building. Use amenity=college on the whole college area to represent the college as an institution.
building	fire_station	A building constructed as fire station, i.e. to house fire fighting equipment and officers, regardless of current use. Add amenity=fire_station on the grounds for an active fire station.
building	government	For government buildings in general, including municipal, provincial and divisional secretaries, government agencies and departments, town halls, (regional) parliaments and court houses.
building	hospital	A building errected for a hospital. Use amenity=hospital for the hospital grounds.
building	kindergarten	For any generic kindergarten buildings. Buildings for specific uses (sports halls etc.) should be tagged for their purpose. If there is currently a kindergarten in the building, use amenity=kindergarten on the perimeter of the kindergarten grounds.
building	public	A building constructed as accessible to the general public (a town hall, police station, court house, etc.).
building	school	A building errected as school. Buildings for specific uses (sports halls etc.) should be tagged for their purpose. If there is currently a school, use amenity=school on the perimeter of the school grounds.
building	toilets	A toilet block.
building	train_station	A building constructed to be a train station building, including buildings that are abandoned and used nowadays for a different purpose.
building	transportation	A building related to public transport. You will probably want to tag it with proper transport related tag as well, such as public_transport=station. Note that there is a special tag for train station buildings - building=train_station.
building	university	A university building. Use amenity=university for the university as an institution.
农业
building	barn	An agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace.
building	conservatory	A building or room having glass or tarpaulin roofing and walls used as an indoor garden or a sunroom (winter garden).
building	cowshed	A cowshed (cow barn, cow house) is a building for housing cows, usually found on farms.
building	farm_auxiliary	A building on a farm that is not a dwelling (use 'farm' or 'house' for the farm house).
building	greenhouse	A greenhouse is a glass or plastic covered building used to grow plants. Use landuse=greenhouse_horticulture for an area containing multiple greenhouses
building	slurry_tank	A circular building built to hold a liquid mix of primarily animal excreta (also known as slurry).
building	stable	A stable is a building where horses are kept.
building	sty	A sty (pigsty, pig ark, pig-shed) is a building for raising domestic pigs, usually found on farms.
体育
building	grandstand	The main stand, usually roofed, commanding the best view for spectators at racecourses or sports grounds.
building	pavilion	A sports pavilion usually with changing rooms, storage areas and possibly an space for functions & events. Avoid using this term for other structures called pavilions by architects (see Pavilion)
building	riding_hall	A building that was built as a riding hall.
building	sports_hall	A building that was built as a sports hall.
building	stadium	A building constructed to be a stadium building, including buildings that are abandoned and used nowadays for a different purpose.
仓储
building	hangar	机库是用于存放飞机、直升机或航天器的建筑物。另请在适当情况下添加 aeroway=hangar 标签。
building	hut	木屋是矮小又简易的庇护所。请留意 hut 这个单词，在英语中是 building=shed 的同义词，用以形容一些低质量的居民建筑。
building	shed	棚舍是在庭院内或农地附近的简易单层建筑，用作仓储、兴趣工坊或工作室等。
汽车
building	carport	A carport is a covered structure used to offer limited protection to vehicles, primarily cars, from the elements. Unlike most structures a carport does not have four walls, and usually has one or two.
building	garage	A garage is a building suitable for the storage of one or possibly more motor vehicle or similar. See building=garages for larger shared buildings. For an aircraft garage, see building=hangar.
building	garages	A building that consists of a number of discrete storage spaces for different owners/tenants. See also building=garage.
building	parking	Structure purpose-built for parking cars.
电力
building	digester	A digester is a bioreactor for the production of inflatable biogas from biomass.
building	service	Service building usually is a small unmanned building with certain machinery (like pumps or transformers).
building	transformer_tower	A transformer tower is a characteristic tall building comprising a distribution transformer and constructed to connect directly to a medium voltage overhead power line. Quite often the power line has since been undergrounded but the building may still serve as a substation. If the building is still in use as a substation it should additionally be tagged as power=substation + substation=minor_distribution.
building	water_tower	A water tower
其他建筑
building	beach_hut	A small, usually wooden, and often brightly coloured cabin or shelter above the high tide mark on popular bathing beaches.
building	bunker	A hardened military building. Also use military=bunker.
building	bridge	A building used as a bridge (skyway). To map a gatehouse use building=gatehouse. See also bridge=yes for highway=*. Don't use this tag just for marking bridges (their outlines). For such purposes use man_made=bridge.
building	castle	A building constructed as a castle. Can be further specified with historic=castle + castle_type=*.
building	construction	Used for buildings under construction. Use construction=* to hold the value for the completed building.
building	container	For a container used as a permanent building. Do not map containers placed temporarily, for example used in shipping or construction.
building	gatehouse	An entry control point building, spanning over a highway that enters a city or compound.
building	military	A military building. Also use military=*.
building	roof	A structure that consists of a roof with open sides, such as a rain shelter, and also gas stations
building	ruins	Frequently used for a house or other building that is abandoned and in poor repair. However, some believe this usage is incorrect, and the tag should only be used for buildings constructed as fake ruins (for example sham ruins in an English landscape garden). See also lifecycle tagging.
building	tent	For a permanently placed tent. Do not map tents placed temporarily.
building	tree_house	An accommodation, often designed as a small hut, sometimes also as a room or small apartment. Built on tree posts or on a natural tree. A tree house has no contact with the ground. Access via ladders, stairs or bridgeways.
building	yes	Use this value where it is not possible to determine a more specific value.
building	user defined	All commonly used values according to Taginfo, generally building types

Additional attributes

Key	Value	Element	Comment	Photo
building:colour	<RGB hex triplet> | <W3C colour name>		Indicates colour of the building
building:fireproof	yes | no		Fire-resistance information.
building:flats	<number>		The number of residential units (flats, apartments) in an apartment building (building=apartments), residential building (building=residential), house (building=house), detached house (building=detached) or similar building.
building:levels	<number>		The number of visible levels (floors) in the building as used in the Simple 3D buildings scheme
building:material	<material type>		Outer material for the building façade
building:max_level	<number>		maximum indoor level (floors) in the building as used in the Simple Indoor Tagging scheme
building:min_level	<number>		minimum indoor level (floors) in the building as used in the Simple Indoor Tagging scheme
building:part	As building		To mark a part of a building, which has attributes, different from such ones at other parts
building:soft_storey	yes | no | reinforced		A building where any one level is significantly more flexible (less stiff) than those above and below it
entrance	yes | main | exit | service | emergency		An entrance in a building. Replaces the deprecated tag building=entrance.
height	<number>		The height of the building in meters.
non_existent_levels	<number>		list of indoor levels (floors) that do not exists in the building as used in the Simple Indoor Tagging scheme
start_date	<date>		The (approximated) date when the building was finished.

This table is a wiki template with a default description in English. Editable here.