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 |  اگر به مقالهٔ اصلی تسلط دارید (زبان انگلیسی)، لطفاً در ترجمهٔ آن کمک کنید. آشنایی با شیوهٔ ترجمه در این ویکی. به‌نظر می‌رسد هم‌اکنون کسی روی این ترجمه کار نمی‌کند. |
کاشی یا Tile به قطعه‌های مستطیلی سفالین یا سرامیکی گفته می‌شود که معمولاً در کف یا دیوار حمام خانه‌تان به‌شکل منظم کار گذاشته می‌شوند. برای مشخص کردن فروشگاه کاشی و سرامیک صفحهٔ shop=tiles را ببینید.
در این صفحه قرار است دربارهٔ کاشی‌های نقشه (map tiles) صحبت کنیم:
- تصاویر بیت‌مپ مربعی که به‌صورت شبکه‌ای کنار هم چیده می‌شوند تا یک نقشه تشکیل بدهند
- همچنین دربارهٔ دادههای کاشی‌وار نقشه نیز صحبت می‌کنیم (tiled map data)
این صفحه حاوی اطلاعات و جزئیات فنی فراوانی است. اگر می‌خواهید از کاشی‌های نقشه در صفحهٔ وب یا اپلیکیشن خودتان استفاده کنید می‌توانید نگاهی به آموزش چگونگی استفاده از کاشی‌های اوپن‌استریت‌مپ بیندازید.
کاشی‌های گرافیکی نقشه
کاشی‌های نقشه معمولاً تصاویری به ابعاد 256×256 پیکسل هستند. مثلاً:
کاشی‌ها همیشه فقط به این ابعاد نیستند؛ مثلاً در کاربردهای موبایلی می‌توانند 64x64 پیکسل باشند. البته ابعاد 256x256 پیکسل یک استاندارد عرفی (de facto) است. 512x512 پیکسل هم ابعاد معمول برای کاشی‌های با وضوح بالاست.
در یک "tileset" یا مجموعه کاشی معمولاً به تعداد کافی کاشی وجود دارد که اگر کنار هم قرار بگیرند یک تصویر خیلی بزرگ را شکل بدهند که چندین سطح بزرگ‌نمایی هم دارد. ایدهٔ کلی کار این نیست که همهٔ این کاشی‌ها یک‌دفعه کنار هم نمایش داده شوند، بلکه محدودهٔ مشخصی از نقشه روی یک وبسایت نمایش داده می‌شود. به‌طور معمول این کار با یک کتابخانهٔ جاوااسکریپتی انجام می‌شود که قابلیت‌های جابه‌جاکردن نقشه و بزرگ‌نمایی را فراهم کند و همچنین وقتی نقشه جابه‌جا می‌شود برای دریافت کاشی‌های تازه درخواست ارسال کند تا کاربر ناحیهٔ موردنظرش را روی نقشه ببیند (یک نقشهٔ لغزان).
استفاده از کاشی‌ها
- Browsing#Layers explains the selection of tiles available for viewing on the openstreetmap.org homepage
- Mapnik – a popular tile renderer
- Kosmos Tile Map Server – windows tile renderer
- Tile usage policy
- Exporting calibrated maps list tools to have tiles compatible with specific embedding software
- Tiletool is a utility for map tile processing. It can generate lowzoom tiles combining higher zoom tiles, apply overlays over them and some other useful features.
دادههای فنی
- Slippy map tilenames – calculate tilenames if you have coordinate
- Estimating Tile Disk Usage
- Tile water land status ([۱]), index of which tiles are land, or water, on the OSM slippy map, this is a file available in SVN, in the png2tileinfo file.
- List of changed tiles, gets all tiles in a zoom level that have changed in the last 1h to 24h.
توسعه
- mod_tile Apache module that spawns processes to render mapnik tiles. See OSM-Dev mailing list "mod_tile / renderd issue" (May 2008)
- Tile cache, renders maps with mapnik/mapserver/WMS and cache them as tiles.
- OSM Mobile Binary Protocol, tiled OSM data (see also WhereAmI/OSM Binary Format and the Talk mailing list thread "mobile binary data" from 2008)
سرورها
This is a list of online raster tile servers based on OpenStreetMap data. For the names of the physical servers that serve openstreetmap.org's map tiles, see Servers/tile.In the URLs provided ${X} and ${y} have to be replaced by the x and y Tile numbers and ${z} by the zoom level. Sometimes the $ is missing. In the URLS to Carto.com and some others there is also a {s} which should be replaced by the subdomain[1]. Subdomains are used to help with browser parallel requests per domain limitation. These subdomains are typically single letters 'a', 'b' and 'c'. Refer to the provider documentation for details of available subdomains.
See also Servers/Tile CDN for description of tile servers maintained by OSM and how one may donate new server to it.
| It is highly recommend to consult and follow usage policies of a given server! Respect their terms of use/tile usage policy. |
 | Please don't forget to credit OpenStreetMap. See the Legal FAQ for details. Some tile services require their own attribution in addition. Ask their operator for details. |
Base maps
| Name | free/commercial | latency | IPv6 | comment | tiles url | Tile example | source code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenStreetMap's Standard tile layer openstreetmap.org front page Tile usage policy compare |
free, funded by donations | بله | https://tile.openstreetmap.org/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/ | ||
| German fork of the Standard tile layer openstreetmap.de map usage policy compare |
free, funded by donations | بله | label in German and local language (transliterated where no name in Latin script is available), commercial and high-traffic use restricted | https://a.tile.openstreetmap.de/${z}/${x}/${y}.png https://b.tile.openstreetmap.de/${z}/${x}/${y}.png https://c.tile.openstreetmap.de/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | https://tile.openstreetmap.de/7/63/42.png | https://github.com/giggls/openstreetmap-carto-de/ | |
| API.Wikiocity Wikiocity map |
commercial, registration required | ~1 day | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free plan is available. | https://api.wikiocity.com/r/raster/{language}/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | WikiocityStyle.png | https://github.com/wikiocity/wikiocity-styles |
| OpenCycleMap OpenCycleMap compare |
commercial, registration required | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free plan is available. | http://tile.thunderforest.com/cycle/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
unavailable, this is a closed source project | |
| Humanitarian map style Humanitarian focused OSM base layer Usage policy: https://www.openstreetmap.fr/fonds-de-carte/ compare |
free, funded by donations | 5 minutes | بله | map style info. https and http/2 supported. | http://a.tile.openstreetmap.fr/hot/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tile.openstreetmap.fr/hot/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
https://github.com/hotosm/HDM-CartoCSS |
| OSM France Priority given to French names and symbols (baguette instead of pretzel for bakery!). Special display for sport fields. Usage policy: https://www.openstreetmap.fr/fonds-de-carte/ compare |
free, funded by donations | 1 hour | بله | Fork of openstreetmap-carto. Some newer features are sometimes experimented and are discussed on the French OpenStreetmap mailing list. Guided tour of improved features. https and http/2 supported. | http://a.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | https://github.com/cquest/osmfr-cartocss map | |
| wmflabs Hike & Bike Hiking map compare |
~3 months | خیر | Using osmc:symbol=* | https://tiles.wmflabs.org/hikebike/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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| wmflabs Hillshading shading compare |
n/a | خیر | http://tiles.wmflabs.org/hillshading/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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| wmflabs OSM B&W mapnik map grayscale compare |
~3 months [۲] | خیر | https://tiles.wmflabs.org/bw-mapnik/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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| wmflabs OSM no labels mapnik map without labels compare |
~3 months | خیر | https://tiles.wmflabs.org/osm-no-labels/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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| Stamen Toner Black & White map compare |
funded by donations | no data updates | خیر | Black&White, printing, uses Natural Earth at low zooms, retina tiles available
variants available: toner, toner-hybrid, toner-labels, toner-lines, toner-background, toner-lite |
http://a.tile.stamen.com/toner/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
https://github.com/stamen/toner-carto |
| Stamen Watercolor Artistic map compare |
funded by donations | no data updates | خیر | Watercolor | http://c.tile.stamen.com/watercolor/${z}/${x}/${y}.jpg | 
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| Transport Map Transport map compare |
commercial, registration required | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free plan is available. | http://tile.thunderforest.com/transport/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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| Thunderforest Landscape Landscape map compare |
commercial, registration required | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free plan is available | http://tile.thunderforest.com/landscape/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
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| Thunderforest Outdoors Outdoors map compare |
commercial, registration required | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free plan is available | http://tile.thunderforest.com/outdoors/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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| Öpnvkarte Transport map compare |
بله | http://tile.memomaps.de/tilegen/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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| MapTiler Streets Streets map compare |
commercial, registration required | بله | you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available. | https://api.maptiler.com/maps/streets/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| MapTiler Outdooor Outdoor map |
commercial, registration required | بله | you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available. | https://api.maptiler.com/maps/outdoor/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| MapTiler Pastel Pale map for overlaying own data |
commercial, registration required | بله | you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available. | https://api.maptiler.com/maps/pastel/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| MapTiler Basic Basic map compare |
commercial, registration required | بله | you need to register to use this, a free tier for non-commercial use is available. | https://api.maptiler.com/maps/basic/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| MapTiles English MapTiles with English labels |
commercial, registration required | ~ 2 weeks | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free tier is available. | https://maptiles.p.rapidapi.com/en/map/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| MapTiles French MapTiles with French labels |
commercial, registration required | ~ 2 weeks | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free tier is available. | https://maptiles.p.rapidapi.com/fr/map/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| MapTiles Spanish MapTiles with Spanish labels |
commercial, registration required | ~ 2 weeks | خیر | you need to register to use this, a free tier is available. | https://maptiles.p.rapidapi.com/es/map/v1/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| Carto Light ("Positron") general map Required attribution: "Map tiles by Carto, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL." |
commercial, registration required, uses Natural Earth at low zooms, no_labels variant available | خیر | https://cartodb-basemaps-{s}.global.ssl.fastly.net/light_all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| Carto Dark ("Dark Matter") general map Required attribution: "Map tiles by Carto, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL." |
commercial, registration required, uses Natural Earth at low zooms, no_labels variant available | خیر | https://cartodb-basemaps-{s}.global.ssl.fastly.net/dark_all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | 
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| OpenTopoMap Topographical Map |
free, see https://opentopomap.org/about#faq | خیر | Topographical Map | https://{a|b|c}.tile.opentopomap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | |||
| Omniscale base map |
commercial, registration required | خیر | coloured base map, greyscale version and coloured version with hillshading available | ||||
| Lima Labs Open carto Based map with Anglicized labels |
commercial, a free tier for non-commercial or low volume use is available. Use free as the API key | بله | Labeled in English and local languages where possible/ | https://cdn.lima-labs.com/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?free | 
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![[۲]](https://tiles.wmflabs.org/bw-mapnik/9/264/179.png/status){kind=link}
Overlay tiles
| Name | free or commercial | latency | comment | tiles url | Tile example | source code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| waymarkedtrails Hiking routes |
1 day | Using osmc:symbol=* | https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/hiking/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site | ||
| waymarkedtrails Cycling routes |
1 day | https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/cycling/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site | |||
| waymarkedtrails Riding routes |
1 day | Horse riding, using osmc:symbol=* | https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/riding/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site | ||
| OpenPtMap Transport map compare |
Transport | http://www.openptmap.org/tiles/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
|
https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site | |||
| OpenRailwayMap Railway infrastructure Usage policy compare |
free, funded by donations, see policy | Railway infrastructure | http://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap | |||
| OpenRailwayMap Railway maxspeeds Usage policy compare |
free, funded by donations, see policy | Railway maxspeeds | http://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap | |||
| OpenRailwayMap Railway signalling Usage policy |
free, funded by donations, see policy | Railway signalling and train protection signals | http://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap | |||
| OpenSeaMap Sea marks |
Sea marks only, background transparent | http://tiles.openseamap.org/seamark/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | 
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Regional tile servers
| Name | free or commercial | latency | IPv6 | Region | tiles url | Tile example | source code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| openstreetmap-carto rendering from SOSM standard usage policy |
free, donated resources | 1 hour | no | Switzerland | https://tile.osm.ch/switzerland/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | https://tile.osm.ch/switzerland/14/8544/5827.png | https://github.com/sosm/openstreetmap-carto |
| OSM-Swiss-Style link to the map usage policy |
free, donated resources | 1 hour | no | Switzerland | https://tile.osm.ch/osm-swiss-style/${z}/${x}/${y}.png | https://tile.osm.ch/osm-swiss-style/15/17062/11532.png | https://github.com/sosm/OSM-Swiss-Style |
| Carto China provided by Tracestrack Link to map |
free, donated resources | 1 minute | no | China | http://tiles.tracestrack.com:8088/tile@2x/{z}/{x}/{y}.png | http://tiles.tracestrack.com:8088/tile@2x/7/106/52.png |
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Also see for example map compare service at bbbike.org. Please obey the usage restrictions of each tile server if you use it heavily!
More webservices to display different OSM based tiles are mapstyle.petschge.de and Leaflet Provider Demo.
Notes:
دادههای کاشی‌وار نقشه
- QuadTiles, a scheme to make OSM database indexed by tiles
- OJW's tile data server, first implementation of a cacheable data server, that servs data in the same way as the tileserver.
- Tile data server, generic definition of how data served as tiles should work. (written by ojw as well...)
پیوندها
- Switch2OSM, The Basics This page gives some introductory information on the tiles, licence and JavaScript libraries to display the tiles.