Fa:Tiles

کاشی یا Tile به قطعه‌های مستطیلی سفالین یا سرامیکی گفته می‌شود که معمولاً در کف یا دیوار حمام خانه‌تان به‌شکل منظم کار گذاشته می‌شوند. برای مشخص کردن فروشگاه کاشی و سرامیک صفحهٔ shop=tiles را ببینید.

در این صفحه قرار است دربارهٔ کاشی‌های نقشه (map tiles) صحبت کنیم:

• تصاویر بیت‌مپ مربعی که به‌صورت شبکه‌ای کنار هم چیده می‌شوند تا یک نقشه تشکیل بدهند
• همچنین دربارهٔ دادههای کاشی‌وار نقشه نیز صحبت می‌کنیم (tiled map data)

این صفحه حاوی اطلاعات و جزئیات فنی فراوانی است. اگر می‌خواهید از کاشی‌های نقشه در صفحهٔ وب یا اپلیکیشن خودتان استفاده کنید می‌توانید نگاهی به آموزش چگونگی استفاده از کاشی‌های اوپن‌استریت‌مپ بیندازید.

کاشی‌های گرافیکی نقشه

کاشی‌های نقشه معمولاً تصاویری به ابعاد 256×256 پیکسل هستند. مثلاً:

این کاشی نمونه را ببینید

کاشی‌ها همیشه فقط به این ابعاد نیستند؛ مثلاً در کاربردهای موبایلی می‌توانند 64x64 پیکسل باشند. البته ابعاد 256x256 پیکسل یک استاندارد عرفی (de facto) است. 512x512 پیکسل هم ابعاد معمول برای کاشی‌های با وضوح بالاست.

در یک "tileset" یا مجموعه کاشی معمولاً به تعداد کافی کاشی وجود دارد که اگر کنار هم قرار بگیرند یک تصویر خیلی بزرگ را شکل بدهند که چندین سطح بزرگ‌نمایی هم دارد. ایدهٔ کلی کار این نیست که همهٔ این کاشی‌ها یک‌دفعه کنار هم نمایش داده شوند، بلکه محدودهٔ مشخصی از نقشه روی یک وبسایت نمایش داده می‌شود. به‌طور معمول این کار با یک کتابخانهٔ جاوااسکریپتی انجام می‌شود که قابلیت‌های جابه‌جاکردن نقشه و بزرگ‌نمایی را فراهم کند و همچنین وقتی نقشه جابه‌جا می‌شود برای دریافت کاشی‌های تازه درخواست ارسال کند تا کاربر ناحیهٔ موردنظرش را روی نقشه ببیند (یک نقشهٔ لغزان).

استفاده از کاشی‌ها

• Browsing#Layers explains the selection of tiles available for viewing on the openstreetmap.org homepage
• Mapnik – a popular tile renderer
• Kosmos Tile Map Server – windows tile renderer
• Tile usage policy
• Exporting calibrated maps list tools to have tiles compatible with specific embedding software
• Tiletool is a utility for map tile processing. It can generate lowzoom tiles combining higher zoom tiles, apply overlays over them and some other useful features.

داده‌های فنی

• Slippy map tilenames – calculate tilenames if you have coordinate
• Estimating Tile Disk Usage
• Tile water land status ([1]), index of which tiles are land, or water, on the OSM slippy map, this is a file available in SVN, in the png2tileinfo file.
• List of changed tiles, gets all tiles in a zoom level that have changed in the last 1h to 24h.

توسعه

• mod_tile Apache module that spawns processes to render mapnik tiles. See OSM-Dev mailing list "mod_tile / renderd issue" (May 2008)
• Tile cache, renders maps with mapnik/mapserver/WMS and cache them as tiles.
• OSM Mobile Binary Protocol, tiled OSM data (see also WhereAmI/OSM Binary Format and the Talk mailing list thread "mobile binary data" from 2008)

سرورها

This is a list of online raster tile servers based on OpenStreetMap data. For the names of the physical servers that serve openstreetmap.org's map tiles, see Servers/tile.In the URLs provided ${X} and ${y} have to be replaced by the x and y Tile numbers and ${z} by the zoom level. Sometimes the $ is missing. In the URLS to Carto.com and some others there is also a {s} which should be replaced by the subdomain. Subdomains are used to help with browser parallel requests per domain limitation. These subdomains are typically single letters 'a', 'b' and 'c'. Refer to the provider documentation for details of available subdomains.

Base maps

Name	free/commercial	latency	IPv6	comment	tiles url	Tile example	source code
OpenStreetMap's Standard tile layer openstreetmap.org front page Tile usage policy compare	free, funded by donations		خیر		https://a.tile.openstreetmap.org/${z}/${x}/${y}.png https://b.tile.openstreetmap.org/${z}/${x}/${y}.png https://c.tile.openstreetmap.org/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/
German fork of the Standard tile layer openstreetmap.de map usage policy compare	free, funded by donations	minutely updates	بله	label in German and local language (transliterated where no name in Latin script is available), commercial and high-traffic use restricted	https://a.tile.openstreetmap.de/${z}/${x}/${y}.png https://b.tile.openstreetmap.de/${z}/${x}/${y}.png https://c.tile.openstreetmap.de/${z}/${x}/${y}.png	https://tile.openstreetmap.de/7/63/42.png	https://github.com/giggls/openstreetmap-carto-de/
Wikimedia Maps demo server https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Maps_Terms_of_Use			بله	Experimental	https://maps.wikimedia.org/osm-intl/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/kartotherian/kartotherian
OpenCycleMap OpenCycleMap compare	commercial, registration required		خیر	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available.	http://tile.thunderforest.com/cycle/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		unavailable, this is a closed source project
Humanitarian map style Humanitarian focused OSM base layer compare			خیر	map style info	http://a.tile.openstreetmap.fr/hot/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tile.openstreetmap.fr/hot/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/hotosm/HDM-CartoCSS
OSM France Priority given to French names and symbols (baguette instead of pretzel for bakery!). Special display for sport fields. compare			خیر	Fork of openstreetmap-carto. Some newer features are sometimes experimented and are discussed on the French OpenStreetmap mailing list. Guided tour of improved features.	http://a.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tile.openstreetmap.fr/osmfr/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/cquest/osmfr-cartocss map
wmflabs Hike & Bike Hiking map compare		~3 months	خیر	Using osmc:symbol=*	https://tiles.wmflabs.org/hikebike/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
wmflabs Hillshading shading compare		n/a	خیر		http://tiles.wmflabs.org/hillshading/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
wmflabs OSM B&W mapnik map grayscale compare		~3 months [2]	خیر		https://tiles.wmflabs.org/bw-mapnik/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
wmflabs OSM no labels mapnik map without labels compare		~3 months	خیر		https://tiles.wmflabs.org/osm-no-labels/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
Stamen Toner Black & White map compare	funded by donations	no data updates	خیر	Black&White, printing, uses Natural Earth at low zooms, retina tiles available variants available: toner, toner-hybrid, toner-labels, toner-lines, toner-background, toner-lite	http://a.tile.stamen.com/toner/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/stamen/toner-carto
Stamen Watercolor Artistic map compare	funded by donations	no data updates	خیر	Watercolor	http://c.tile.stamen.com/watercolor/${z}/${x}/${y}.jpg
Transport Map Transport map compare	commercial, registration required		خیر	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available.	http://tile.thunderforest.com/transport/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
Thunderforest Landscape Landscape map compare	commercial, registration required		خیر	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available	http://tile.thunderforest.com/landscape/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
Thunderforest Outdoors Outdoors map compare	commercial, registration required		خیر	you need to register to use this, a free plan is available	http://tile.thunderforest.com/outdoors/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
Öpnvkarte Transport map compare			بله		http://tile.memomaps.de/tilegen/${z}/${x}/${y}.png
OpenMapSurfer general map https://openrouteservice.org/terms-of-service/	registration required, free plan available		خیر	is a web map service with a couple of maps rendered with MapSurfer.NET, registration required
Carto Light ("Positron") general map Required attribution: "Map tiles by Carto, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL."	commercial, registration required, uses Natural Earth at low zooms, no_labels variant available		خیر		https://cartodb-basemaps-{s}.global.ssl.fastly.net/light_all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Carto Dark ("Dark Matter") general map Required attribution: "Map tiles by Carto, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL."	commercial, registration required, uses Natural Earth at low zooms, no_labels variant available		خیر		https://cartodb-basemaps-{s}.global.ssl.fastly.net/dark_all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
OpenTopoMap Topographical Map	free, see https://opentopomap.org/about#faq		خیر	Topographical Map	https://{a|b|c}.tile.opentopomap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png
Omniscale base map	commercial, registration required		خیر	coloured base map, greyscale version and coloured version with hillshading available

Overlay tiles

Name	free or commercial	latency	comment	tiles url	Tile example	source code
waymarkedtrails Hiking routes		1 day		Using osmc:symbol=*	https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/hiking/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site
waymarkedtrails Cycling routes		1 day			https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/cycling/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site
waymarkedtrails Riding routes		1 day		Horse riding, using osmc:symbol=*	https://tile.waymarkedtrails.org/riding/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site
OpenPtMap Transport map compare				Transport	http://www.openptmap.org/tiles/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/waymarkedtrails/waymarked-trails-site
OpenRailwayMap Railway infrastructure Usage policy compare	free, funded by donations, see policy			Railway infrastructure	http://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/standard/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap
OpenRailwayMap Railway maxspeeds Usage policy compare	free, funded by donations, see policy			Railway maxspeeds	http://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/maxspeed/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap
OpenRailwayMap Railway signalling Usage policy	free, funded by donations, see policy			Railway signalling and train protection signals	http://a.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://b.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/${z}/${x}/${y}.png http://c.tiles.openrailwaymap.org/signals/${z}/${x}/${y}.png		https://github.com/OpenRailwayMap/OpenRailwayMap
OpenSeaMap Sea marks				Sea marks only, background transparent	http://tiles.openseamap.org/seamark/${z}/${x}/${y}.png

Also see for example map compare service at bbbike.org. Please obey the usage restrictions of each tile server if you use it heavily!

More webservices to display different OSM based tiles are mapstyle.petschge.de and Leaflet Provider Demo.

Notes:

داده‌های کاشی‌وار نقشه

• QuadTiles, a scheme to make OSM database indexed by tiles
• OJW's tile data server, first implementation of a cacheable data server, that servs data in the same way as the tileserver.
• Tile data server, generic definition of how data served as tiles should work. (written by ojw as well...)

پیوندها

• Switch2OSM, The Basics This page gives some introductory information on the tiles, licence and JavaScript libraries to display the tiles.