GED4ALL

General information

The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) Challenge Fund, aims to decrease disaster risk management costs and increase resilience by developing a framework that facilitates a multi-hazard view of risk. The Challenge Fund initiative is part of this effort, with the second round focusing on the creation of three open databases: hazard footprints, exposure data and vulnerability models. The Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT), partnered with the Global Earthquake Model (GEM), who lead the project and ImageCat, on the development of a ‘Global Exposure Database for Multi-Hazard Risk Analysis’. The collaboration resulted in an open exposure database (GED4ALL) schema for multi-hazard risk analysis, along with protocols to integrate existing datasets, as well as generate new exposure information. An online tool following the database schemas developed as part of the Challenge Fund is currently in the pipeline by GFDRR to host the GED4ALL data, along with the hazard footprints and vulnerability models. The data itself is slowly being populated globally through various projects, such as the Open Cities Africa initiative lead by GFDRR and the METEOR project lead by the British Geological Survey (BGS). HOT provided guidance on how GED4ALL can be populated with building level data from OpenStreetMap (OSM), assigning the most commonly used tags for the attributes identified by GEM as integral to determining the structural integrity of infrastructure in the wake of a hazard. The hazards taken into account while developing the taxonomy include earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, tsunamis, storms, cyclones and drought. This wiki proposes and welcomes contributions from the community on how OSM tags can be best aligned with the GED4ALL taxonomy below. Please read the 'Extensible data schemas for multiple hazards, exposure and vulnerability data' paper published on PreventionWeb to learn more about the work involved with the second round of the Challenge Fund in 2017.

Complete Buildings

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
1	Direction	building:direction=*	Proposed OSM direction tag, associated with buildings (parallel_to_street, perpendicular_to_street, unknown)
2	Material of the Lateral Load-Resisting System	building:lateral:material=*	Proposed lateral load resisting material tag (concrete_reinforced, concrete, concrete_steel, metal, masonary_reinforced, masonry, masonry_confined, earth, earth_reinforced, wood, other, unknown )
3	Lateral Load Resisting System	building:lateral:system=*	Proposed lateral load resisting system of buildings (moment_frame, infilled_frame, braced_frame, post_beam, wall, dual_framewall, flat_slab, waffle_slab ,infill_flatslab, infill_waffleslab, hybrid, unknown)
4	Height	building:levels=*	Number of above-ground levels of a building
		building:levels:underground=*	Number of below-ground levels of a building
		building:height=*	Describes the height of a building in meters
		building:ground_slope=*	Describes the slope of the building in relation to the ground in degrees
5	Date of Construction or Retrofit	building:age=*	Proposed OSM age tag, associated with buildings (pre_2000, post_2000, unknown)
		building:condition=*	Describes the condition of the building (good, average, poor, unknown)
6	Surroundings	building:adjacency=*	Describe the neighbouring condition of the building( attached, free_standing)
		building:geological_site=*	Describes the geological site the building is built upon (flat_land, river_bank, slopy_land, landslide_prone_area, flood_prone_area, river_bank)
7	Occupancy	building=*	Describe the building purpose ( residential, commercial, public, mixed_use, industrial, agriculture, assembly, government, educational, unknown)
		capacity:persons=*	Describe the number of people a building can support
8	Shape of the Building Plan	building:shape=*	Proposed shape tag, associated with buildings (square, rectangular, l_shape, curved, triangular, polygonal, e_shape, h_shape, s_shape, t_shape, u_c_shape, x-shape, y-shape, irregular, unknown)
9	Structural Irregularity	building:irregularity=*	Proposed OSM irregularity tag, associated with buildings (regular, irregular, unknown)
10	Ground Floor Hydrodynamics	ground_floor:openings=*	Proposed OSM openings tag, associated with building ground floors (yes, no, unknown)
		ground_floor:height=*	Proposed OSM height tag in meters, associated with building ground floors
11	Exterior Walls	building:material=*	Material for the exterior walls (concrete, glass, earth, masonry, metal, vegetation, wood, stucco, plastic, vinyl, cement, unknown)
		wall:openings=*	Proposed OSM openings tag, associated with building walls (yes, no, unknown)
12	Roof	roof:shape=*	Well known roof shapes (flat, pitched, monopitch, sawtooth, curved, complex_regular, complex_irregular, unknown)
		roof:material=*	Outer material for the building roof (masonry, earth, concrete, metal, wood, fabric, slate, stone, clay, unknown)
13	Floor	floor:material=*	Material of the building floor (masonry, earth, concrete, metal, wood, unknown)
14	Foundation	building:foundation=*	Proposed OSM foundation tag, associated with buildings (shallow, deep, unknown)
15	Fire Protection	building:fireproof=*	Information on a building's fire-resistance rating (yes, no, unknown)

Simplified Buildings

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
2	Material of the Lateral Load-Resisting System	building:lateral:material=*	Proposed lateral load resisting material tag (concrete_reinforced, concrete, concrete_steel, metal, masonary_reinforced, masonry, masonry_confined, earth, earth_reinforced, wood, other, unknown )
3	Lateral Load Resisting System	building:lateral:system=*	Identify structural system of buildings (moment_frame, infilled_frame, braced_frame, post_beam, wall, dual_framewall, flat_slab, waffle_slab ,infill_flatslab, infill_waffleslab, hybrid, unknown)
4	Height	building:levels=*	Number of above-ground levels of a building
5	Date of Construction or Retrofit	building:age=*	Proposed OSM age tag, associated with buildings (pre_2000, post_2000, unknown)
		building:condition=*	Describe the condition of the building (good, average, poor, unknown)
6	Surroundings	building:adjacency=*	Describe the neighbouring condition of the building( attached, free_standing)
		building:geological_site=*	Describes the geological site the building is built upon (flat_land, river_bank, slopy_land, landslide_prone_area, flood_prone_area, river_bank)
7	Occupancy	building=*	Describe the building purpose ( residential, commercial, public, mixed_use, industrial, agriculture, assembly, government, educational, unknown)
		capacity:persons=*	Describe the number of people a building can support
9	Ground Floor Hydrodynamics	ground_floor:height=*	Proposed OSM height tag in meters, associated with building ground floors
11	Roof	roof:shape=*	Well known roof shapes (flat, pitched, monopitch, sawtooth, curved, complex_regular, complex_irregular, unknown)
		roof:material=*	Outer material for the building roof (masonry, earth, concrete, metal, wood, fabric, slate, stone, clay, unknown)

Road Network

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		highway=*	Main key used for identifying any kind of road, street or path. The value of the key helps indicate the importance of the highway within the road network as a whole
1	motorway	highway=motorway	Restricted access major divided highway, normally with 2 or more running lanes plus emergency hard shoulder. Equivalent to the Freeway, Autobahn, etc
2	trunk	highway=trunk	Most important roads in a country's system that aren't motorways (need not necessarily be a divided highway)
3	primary	highway=primary	Next most important roads in a country's system (often link large towns) A major highway linking large towns, in developed countries normally with 2 lanes
4	secondary	highway=secondary	Next most important roads in a country's system (often link towns)
5	tertiary	highway=tertiary	Next most important roads in a country's system (often link smaller towns and villages)
6	unclassified	highway=unclassified	Least most important through roads in a country's system – i.e. minor roads of a lower classification than tertiary, but which serve a purpose other than access to properties. Often link villages and hamlets
7	residential	highway=residential	Roads that serve as an access to housing, without function of connecting settlements. Often lined with housing
8	service	highway=service	Access roads to, or within an industrial estate, camp site, business park, car park etc
9	unknown	highway=unclassified	Category can be used when a road has been mapped but there is no additional information concerning its typology

Railway Network

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		railway=*	Main key used for all forms of transport using metal rails, including mainline services, subways, heritage lines and trams
1	Light Rail	railway=light_rail	Higher-standard tram system, normally in its own right-of-way. Often it connects towns and thus reaches a considerable length (tens of kilometers)
2	Monorail	railway=monorail	Railway with only a single rail. A monorail can run above the rail such as in Las Vegas and Disneyland or can suspend below the rail such as the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (Germany)
3	Rail	railway=rail	Full sized passenger or freight trains in the standard gauge for the country or state
4	Subway	railway=subway	City passenger underground rail service running mostly grade separated
5	Tram	railway=tram	One or two carriage rail vehicles, usually sharing motor road

Bridges

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		bridge=*	When a road, railway, path canal, pipeline or similar is leading over a bridge
1	General Material	bridge:material=*	Main material of construction: general material (concrete, masonry, steel, iron, wood, mixed) and detailed material
2	Super Structure	bridge:structure=*	Describes the load-bearing architecture of individual bridge spans (arch, beam, truss, floating, suspension, cable-stayed, simple-suspension, humpback)
3	Deck Characteristics	bridge:width=* bridge:length=* bridge:height=*	Include the width, length  and height of the deck in meters
4	Deck Structural System	bridge:support=*	Indicate the position of the abutments and piers which support a bridge from beneath (pier, abutment, lift_pier, pivot_pier)
5	Pier to Deck Connection	pier:connection=*	Proposed OSM pier connection tag, associated with bridges (value options: not_isolated, isolated, unknown)
6	Pier to Superstructure Connection	pier:superstructure=*	Proposed OSM pier superstructure tag, associated with bridges (value options: single-column, multi-column, unknown)
7	Number of Piers	bridge:total_piers=*	Proposed OSM total piers tag, associated with bridges (number of piers
8	Shape of Section of the Pier	pier:shape=*	Proposed OSM pier shape tag, associated with bridges (cylindrical, rectangular, oblong, wall-type, unknown)
9	Height of the Pier	pier:height=*	Proposed OSM pier height tag, associated with bridges (height in meters)
10	Spans	pier:span=*	Proposed OSM pier span tag, associated with bridges (single, multi-span, unknown)
11	Connections to the Abutments	abutment:connection=*	Proposed OSM abutment connection tag, associated with bridges (free, monolithic, isolated, unknown)
12	Bridge Configuration	bridge:configuration=*	Proposed OSM bridge configuration tag, associated with bridges (regular, semi_regular,  irregular, unknown)
13	Level of Seismicity	bridge:seismicity=*	Proposed OSM bridge seismicity tag, associated with bridges (no_design, designed, unknown)

Pipelines and Storage Tanks

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		man_made=pipeline	A major pipeline carrying gas, water, oil, etc.
		route=pipeline	For pipelines, pipeline markers, and pipeline stations
1	Content	substance=*	The substance transported within the pipeline. If the medium is not known, do NOT specify this tag
2	Position	location=*	The location of the pipeline (underground, overground, overhead, underwater
3	Material	material=*	The material transported by the pipeline
4	Joint Type	joint=*	This is the proposed joint tag, associated with pipelines
5	Soil Type	material=soil and type=*	The material key is used to specify soil, in conjunction with the type key when specifying the kind of soil
6	Diameter	diameter=*	Specifies the nominal diameter of the pipeline, in millimeters

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		man_made=storage_tank
1	Position	height=*	Height in meters
2	Material	material=*	Main material the storage tank is made of
3	Anchorage	anchored=*	Proposed OSM anchored key, associated with storage tanks (yes, no, unknown)
4	Shape	diameter=*	The shape can be determined by the height-to-diameter ratio
5	Content	content=*	What the storage tank typically holds

Power Grids

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		power=substation	Place dedicated to step-up or step-down the voltage=* within an electrical power grid, generally linked to the rest of the electrical network by one or more sets of power=lines and which may contains one or more power=transformers
		substation=transmission	Substation whose main function is to connect and switch transmission lines transmitting power between areas
		power=transformer	Static device that converts a given power voltage to another power voltage. Usually located within a substation
1	Component	voltage=*	The highest voltage of operation within the facility
2	Anchorage	anchored=*	Proposed OSM anchored key, associated with storage tanks (yes, no, unknown)
3	Code Provisions	substation:code=*	Proposed OSM provision code key, associated with storage tanks (none, low, moderate, high, unknown)

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		power=tower	For big towers or pylons carrying electricity cables. Normally constructed from steel latticework and carry high voltage electricity cables
		material=*	Default value is steel (steel, wood, concrete, aluminium, composite)
		structure=*	Default value for steel towers is lattice (lattice, tubular, solid)
		height=*	Height in meter of the tower

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		power=line	High-voltage power lines used for power transmission, supported by towers/pylons, or in some places or situations, by poles
		voltage=*	Voltage at which the line is operated (operating voltage)
		operator=*	Name of the company which operates this power line section (cable operator)
		cables=*	Number of different phase conductors for this power line section (number of cables)
		circuits=*	Number of different and separated electrical circuits built within this power line section (number of circuits)

Energy Generation Facilities

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		power=plant	An industrial facility for the generation of energy
1	Energy Source	plant:source=*	The source of the energy generated by a power plant (oil, geothermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, solar, tidal wave, gas, biomass)
2	Power Capacity	plant:output:electricity=*	Power plants can output multiple forms of energy (yes / x W / x kW / x MW / x GW)
		plant:output:hot_water=*
		plant:output:hot_air=*
		plant:output:cold_water=*
		plant:output:cold_air=*
		plant:output:compressed_air=*
		plant:output:steam=*
		plant:output:vacuum=*

Crops, Livestock and Forestry

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		landuse=farmland	Area of farmland used for tillage and pasture (animals, vegetables, flowers, fruit growing)
		crop=*	The crop produced by cultivated land
1	Cereals	crop=cereal	Unspecified cereal crop
		crop=wheat	Specified cereal crop (wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, barley, tye, oats, millets or other)
2	Vegetables and Melons	crop=vegetable	Unspecified vegetable crop
		crop=basil	Specified leafy or stem vegetables, fruit-bearing vegetables, bulb or tuberous vegetables, mushrooms and truffles or other
3	Fruits and Nuts	crop=fruit crop=nut	Unspecified fruit and nut
		crop=strawberry crop=betel	Specified tropical and subtropical fruits, citrus fruits, grapes, berries, pome fruits and stone fruits, nuts or other
4	Oilseed Crops	crop=oil	Unspecified oil crop
		crop=sunflower	Specified crop producing oil (sunflower, rapeseed, or coconut)
5	Root/Tuber Crops with Starch or Inulin Content	crop=potato	Specified root/tuber crop (potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava yams or other)
6	Beverage and Spice Crops	crop=tea	Specified beverage or spice crop (tea, coffee, hop, cinnamon, or other)
7	Leguminous Crops	crop=legume	Beans, broad beans, chickpeas, lentils, lupins, peas, pigeon peas, leguminous crops or other
		crop=chickpeas	Specified legume crop (beas, broad bean, chickpea, lentil, lupins, peas, pigeon pea, or other)
8	Sugar Crops	crop=sugarcane	Specified sugar crop (sugar beet, sugar cane, sweet sorghum, coconut sugar or other)
9	Other Crops	crop=grass	Unspecified other crops (grass, hay, or other)
		crop=tobacco	Specified grass crop and other fodder crops, fibre crops, medicinal, aromatic, pesticidal, or similar crops, rubber, flower crops, tobacco or other (tobacco, lavender or other)

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		landuse=farmland	Area of farmland used for tillage and pasture (animals, vegetables, flowers, fruit growing)
		produce=live_animal	Where the whole live animal is produced/sold
		animal=*	Used to specify features related to type of animal
1	Large Ruminants	animal=*	Specified large ruminant (cattle, buffaloes or yaks)
2	Small Ruminants	animal=*	Specified small ruminant (sheep or goats)
3	Pigs or Swines	animal=*	Specified pig or swine (pigs or swines)
4	Equines	animal=*	Specified equines (horse, mules and hinnies, asses or other)
5	Camel and Camelids	animal=*	Specified camel and camelids (camels, llamas and alpacas)
6	Poultry	animal=*	Specified poultry (chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowls, pigeons or other)
7	Other Animals	animal=*	Specified other animal (deer, elk, reindeer, fur-bearing animals such as foxes, dogs and cats, rabbits and hares, or other)
8	Insects	animal=*	Specified insects or worms (bees, silkworms or other worms or insects)

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	OSM Description
		landuse=forest	Forest or woodland is an area covered by trees
1	Closed Forest	landuse=forest	Area covered by trees
2	Woodland	natural=wood	Area covered by trees
3	Scrub	natural=scrub	Plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs (bush), often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes
4	Dwarf-scrub and Related Communities	natural=heath	A dwarf-shrub habitat, characterized by open, low growing woody vegetation, often dominated by heather plants
5	Herbaceous Vegetation	wetland=*	Tall graminoid vegetation, medium tall grassland, short grassland, forb vegetation or hydromorphic fresh-water vegetation

Socio-Economic

No.	GED4ALL	OSM Key	GED4ALL Description
1	Economy	Not Applicable	Measures the welfare and social security levels of communities
2	Education	Not Applicable	Provides information about invested resources and expected outcome of education, access and participation to education
3	Environment	Not Applicable	Defines the underlying conditions that make an environment susceptible to damage, disaster experience and prevalence
4	Governance and Institutional Capacity	Not Applicable	Institutional performance and regulatory efficiency, corruption control and stability of political system
5	Health	Not Applicable	Population health conditions and health sector capabilities
6	Index	Not Applicable	Range of indexes that cover different sectors, for example, the Disaster Risk Index used by the United Nation Development programme to monitor the global evolution of risk
7	Infrastructure	Not Applicable	Transportation and communication infrastructure, status and access to utility lifelines
8	Population	Not Applicable	Defines community demographics: structure, distribution and size

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