Key:highway
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Description |
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The highway tag is the primary tag used for any kind of street or way. ![]() |
Group: Highways |
Used on these elements |
Documented values: 72 |
Implies |
Useful combination |
Status: de facto |
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Tools for this tag |
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Wikidata |
Q57977870 |
- Main article: Highways
Usage
- Main article: Highways
The key highway=* is the main key used for identifying any kind of road, street or path. The value of the key helps indicate the importance of the highway within the road network as a whole. See the table below for an ordered list from most important (motorway) to least important (service).
See Highway:International equivalence for how different countries apply these tags to their own road networks.
Note that highway=* distinguishes roads by function and importance rather by their physical characteristic and legal classification. Usually this things are highly correlated, but OSM is not obligated to copy official road classifications.
This key is also used for features like bus stops, service areas, pedestrian crossings and other highway related things (see below).
Examples
We have about a dozen-and-a-half examples each of urban and exurban tagging, with photos.
Values
See below for details of commonly used values:
Highway
Key | Value | Element | Comment | Rendering carto | Photo | |
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Roads | ||||||
These are the principal tags for the road network. They range from the most to least important. | ||||||
highway | motorway | ![]() |
A restricted access major divided highway, normally with 2 or more running lanes plus emergency hard shoulder. Equivalent to the Freeway, Autobahn, etc.. | |||
highway | trunk | ![]() |
The most important roads in a country's system that aren't motorways. (Need not necessarily be a divided highway.) | |||
highway | primary | ![]() |
The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link larger towns.) | |||
highway | secondary | ![]() |
The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link towns.) | |||
highway | tertiary | ![]() |
The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link smaller towns and villages) | |||
highway | unclassified | ![]() |
The least important through roads in a country's system – i.e. minor roads of a lower classification than tertiary, but which serve a purpose other than access to properties. (Often link villages and hamlets.)
The word 'unclassified' is a historical artefact of the UK road system and does not mean that the classification is unknown; you can use highway=road for that. |
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highway | residential | ![]() |
Roads which serve as an access to housing, without function of connecting settlements. Often lined with housing. | |||
Link roads | ||||||
highway | motorway_link | ![]() |
The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a motorway from/to a motorway or lower class highway. Normally with the same motorway restrictions. | |||
highway | trunk_link | ![]() |
The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a trunk road from/to a trunk road or lower class highway. | |||
highway | primary_link | ![]() |
The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a primary road from/to a primary road or lower class highway. | |||
highway | secondary_link | ![]() |
The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a secondary road from/to a secondary road or lower class highway. | |||
highway | tertiary_link | ![]() |
The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a tertiary road from/to a tertiary road or lower class highway. | |||
Special road types | ||||||
highway | living_street | ![]() |
For living streets, which are residential streets where pedestrians have legal priority over cars, speeds are kept very low and where children are allowed to play on the street. | |||
highway | service | ![]() ![]() |
For access roads to, or within an industrial estate, camp site, business park, car park, alleys, etc. Can be used in conjunction with service=* to indicate the type of usage and with access=* to indicate who can use it and in what circumstances. | |||
highway | pedestrian | ![]() ![]() |
For roads used mainly/exclusively for pedestrians in shopping and some residential areas which may allow access by motorised vehicles only for very limited periods of the day. To create a 'square' or 'plaza' create a closed way and tag as pedestrian and also with area=yes. | |||
highway | track | ![]() |
Roads for mostly agricultural or forestry uses. To describe the quality of a track, see tracktype=*. Note: Although tracks are often rough with unpaved surfaces, this tag is not describing the quality of a road but its use. Consequently, if you want to tag a general use road, use one of the general highway values instead of track. | |||
highway | bus_guideway | ![]() |
A busway where the vehicle guided by the way (though not a railway) and is not suitable for other traffic. Please note: this is not a normal bus lane, use access=no, psv=yes instead! | |||
highway | escape | ![]() |
For runaway truck ramps, runaway truck lanes, emergency escape ramps, or truck arrester beds. It enables vehicles with braking failure to safely stop. | |||
highway | raceway | ![]() |
A course or track for (motor) racing | |||
highway | road | ![]() |
A road/way/street/motorway/etc. of unknown type. It can stand for anything ranging from a footpath to a motorway. This tag should only be used temporarily until the road/way/etc. has been properly surveyed. If you do know the road type, do not use this value, instead use one of the more specific highway=* values. | |||
Paths | ||||||
highway | footway | ![]() |
For designated footpaths; i.e., mainly/exclusively for pedestrians. This includes walking tracks and gravel paths. If bicycles are allowed as well, you can indicate this by adding a bicycle=yes tag. Should not be used for paths where the primary or intended usage is unknown. Use highway=pedestrian for pedestrianised roads in shopping or residential areas and highway=track if it is usable by agricultural or similar vehicles. | |||
highway | bridleway | ![]() |
For horse riders. Equivalent to highway=path + horse=designated. | |||
highway | steps | ![]() |
For flights of steps (stairs) on footways. Use with step_count=* to indicate the number of steps | |||
highway | corridor | ![]() |
For a hallway inside of a building. | |||
highway | path | ![]() |
A non-specific path. Use highway=footway for paths mainly for walkers, highway=cycleway for one also usable by cyclists, highway=bridleway for ones available to horse riders as well as walkers and highway=track for ones which is passable by agriculture or similar vehicles. | |||
When sidewalk/crosswalk is tagged as a separate way | ||||||
footway | sidewalk | ![]() |
Sidewalk that runs typically along residential road. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path | |||
footway | crossing | ![]() |
Crosswalk that connects two sidewalks on the opposite side of the road. Often recognized by painted markings on the road, road sign or traffic lights. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path. Useful information is presence of tactile_paving=*, wheelchair=* suitability and kerb=* represented as a node on the crosswalk way. | |||
When sidewalk (or pavement) is tagged on the main roadway (see Sidewalks) | ||||||
sidewalk | both / left / right / no | ![]() |
Specifies that the highways has sidewalks on both sides, on one side or no sidewalk at all | |||
When cycleway is drawn as its own way (see Bicycle) | ||||||
highway | cycleway | ![]() |
For designated cycleways. Add foot=* only if default-access-restrictions do not apply. | |||
Cycleway tagged on the main roadway or lane (see Bicycle) | ||||||
cycleway | lane | ![]() |
A lane is a route that lies within the roadway | |||
cycleway | opposite | ![]() |
Used on ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no. | |||
cycleway | opposite_lane | ![]() |
Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling lane going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no. | |||
cycleway | track | ![]() |
A track provides a route that is separated from traffic. In the United States, this term is often used to refer to bike lanes that are separated from lanes for cars by pavement buffers, bollards, parking lanes, and curbs. Note that a cycle track may alternatively be drawn as a separate way next to the road which is tagged as highway=cycleway. | |||
cycleway | opposite_track | ![]() |
Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling track going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no. | |||
cycleway | share_busway | ![]() |
There is a bus lane that cyclists are permitted to use. | |||
cycleway | opposite_share_busway | ![]() |
Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a bus lane that cyclists are also permitted to use, and which go in the opposite direction to normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" bus lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no. | |||
cycleway | shared_lane | ![]() |
Cyclists share a lane with motor vehicles, but there are markings indicating that they should share the lane with motorists. In some places these markings are known as "sharrows" ('sharing arrows') and this is the tag to use for those. | |||
busway | lane | ![]() |
Bus lane on both sides of the road. (See also: Parallel scheme for bus/psv lane tagging lanes:bus=* / lanes:psv=*) | |||
Lifecycle | ||||||
highway | proposed | ![]() |
For planned roads, use with proposed=* and a value of the proposed highway value. | |||
highway | construction | ![]() |
For roads under construction. Use construction=* to hold the value for the completed road. | different colours | ||
Attributes | ||||||
abutters | commercial / industrial / mixed / residential / retail etc. | ![]() |
See Key:abutters for more details. | |||
bicycle_road | yes | ![]() |
A bicycle road is a road designated for bicycles. If residential streets get the status of bicycle roads, normally, by special signs, motor traffic is admitted with limited speed, often only for residents. | |||
bus_bay | both / left / right | ![]() |
A bus bay outside the main carriageway for boarding/alighting | |||
destination | <place name of destination> | ![]() |
Destination when following a linear feature | |||
embedded_rails | yes / <type of railway> | ![]() |
A highway on which non-railway traffic is also allowed has railway tracks embedded in it but the rails are mapped as separate ways. | |||
ford | yes | ![]() ![]() |
The road crosses through stream or river, vehicles must enter any water. | |||
ice_road | yes | ![]() |
A highway is laid upon frozen water basin, definitely doesn't exist in summer. | |||
incline | Number % / ° / up / down | ![]() ![]() |
Incline steepness as percents ("5%") or degrees ("20°"). Positive/negative values indicate movement upward/downwards in the direction of the way. | |||
junction | roundabout | ![]() ![]() |
This automatically implies oneway=yes, the oneway direction is defined by the sequential ordering of nodes within the Way. This applies on a way, tagged with highway=* already. | |||
lanes | <number> | ![]() |
The number of traffic lanes for general purpose traffic, also for buses and other specific classes of vehicle. | |||
lit | yes / no | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Street lighting | |||
maxspeed | <number> | ![]() |
Specifies the maximum legal speed limit on a road, railway or waterway. | |||
motorroad | yes / no | ![]() ![]() |
The motorroad tag is used to describe highways that have motorway-like access restrictions but that are not a motorway. | |||
mountain_pass | yes | ![]() |
The highest point of a mountain pass. | |||
mtb:scale | 0-6 | ![]() |
Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A classification scheme for mtb trails (few inclination and downhill). | |||
mtb:scale:uphill | 0-5 | ![]() |
A classification scheme for mtb trails for going uphill if there is significant inclination. | |||
mtb:scale:imba | 0-4 | ![]() |
The IMBA Trail Difficulty Rating System shall be used for bikeparks. It is adapted to mtb trails with artificial obstacles. | |||
mtb:description | Text | ![]() |
Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A key to input variable infos related to mtbiking on a way with human words | |||
oneway | yes / no / reversible | ![]() |
Oneway streets are streets where you are only allowed to drive in one direction. | |||
overtaking | yes / no / caution / both / forward / backward | ![]() |
Specifying sections of roads where overtaking is legally forbidden. Use overtaking:forward=yes/no/caution and overtaking:backward=yes/no/caution when it depends on driving direction. | |||
parking:condition | free / ticket / disc / residents / customers / private | ![]() |
Specifying the parking conditions (terms). See parking:condition=* for more details. | |||
parking:lane | parallel / diagonal / perpendicular / marked / no_parking / no_stopping / fire_lane. | ![]() |
Specifying the parking space. See parking:lane=* for more details. | |||
passing_places | yes | ![]() |
A way which has frequent passing places (See also: highway=passing_place) | |||
priority_road | designated / yes_unposted / end | ![]() |
Specifying roads signposted as priority roads. | |||
sac_scale | hiking / mountain_hiking / demanding_mountain_hiking / alpine_hiking / demanding_alpine_hiking / difficult_alpine_hiking | ![]() |
Applies to highway=path and highway=footway. A classification scheme for hiking trails. | |||
service | alley / driveway / parking_aisle etc. | ![]() |
See Key:service for more details. | |||
smoothness | excellent / good / intermediate / bad / very_bad / horrible / very_horrible / impassable | ![]() |
See Key:smoothness for more details. | |||
surface | paved / unpaved / asphalt / concrete / paving_stones / sett / cobblestone / metal / wood / compacted / fine_gravel / gravel / pebblestone / plastic / grass_paver / grass / dirt / earth / mud / sand / ground | ![]() |
See Key:surface for more details. | |||
tactile_paving | yes / no | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
A paving in the ground to be followed with a blindman's stick. | Not to be rendered on standard maps. | ||
tracktype | grade1 / grade2 / grade3 / grade4 / grade5 | ![]() |
To describe the quality of the surface. See Key:tracktype for more information. | |||
traffic_calming | bump / hump / table / island / cushion / yes / etc. | ![]() ![]() |
See Key:traffic calming for more details. | |||
trail_visibility | excellent / good / intermediate / bad / horrible / no | ![]() |
Applies to highway=path, highway=footway, highway=cycleway and highway=bridleway. A classification for hiking trails visibility | |||
turn | left / slight_left / through / right / slight_right / merge_to_left / merge_to_right / reverse | ![]() |
The key turn can be used to specify the direction in which a way or a lane will lead. | |||
width | <number> | ![]() |
The width of a feature. | |||
winter_road | yes | ![]() |
A highway functions during winter, probably can't be driven in summer. | |||
Other highway features | ||||||
highway | bus_stop | ![]() |
A small bus stop. Optionally one may also use public_transport=stop_position for the position where the vehicle stops and public_transport=platform for the place where passengers wait. | |||
highway | crossing | ![]() |
A.k.a. crosswalk. Pedestrians can cross a street here; e.g., zebra crossing | |||
highway | elevator | ![]() ![]() |
An elevator or lift, used to travel vertically, providing passenger and freight access between pathways at different floor levels. | |||
highway | emergency_bay | ![]() ![]() |
An area beside a highway where you can safely stop your car in case of breakdown or emergency. | |||
highway | emergency_access_point | ![]() |
Sign number which can be used to define your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN | |||
highway | give_way | ![]() |
A "give way," or "Yield" sign | |||
emergency | phone | ![]() |
A calling device can be used to tell on your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN | |||
highway | milestone | ![]() |
Highway location marker | |||
highway | mini_roundabout | ![]() |
Similar to roundabouts, but at the center there is either a painted circle or a fully traversable island. In case of an untraversable center island, junction=roundabout should be used.
Rendered as anti-clockwise by default direction=anticlockwise. To render clockwise add the tag direction=clockwise. |
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highway | motorway_junction | ![]() |
Indicates a junction (UK) or exit (US). ref=* should be set to the exit number or junction identifier. (Some roads – e.g., the A14 – also carry junction numbers, so the tag may be encountered elsewhere despite its name) | |||
highway | passing_place | ![]() |
The location of a passing space | |||
highway | platform | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
A platform at a bus stop or station. | |||
highway | rest_area | ![]() ![]() |
Place where drivers can leave the road to rest, but not refuel. | |||
highway | speed_camera | ![]() |
A fixed road-side or overhead speed camera. | |||
highway | street_lamp | ![]() |
A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night | |||
highway | services | ![]() ![]() |
A service station to get food and eat something, often found at motorways | |||
highway | stop | ![]() |
A stop sign | |||
highway | traffic_mirror | ![]() |
Mirror that reflects the traffic on one road when direct view is blocked. | |||
highway | traffic_signals | ![]() |
Lights that control the traffic | |||
highway | trailhead | ![]() |
Designated place to start on a trail or route | |||
highway | turning_circle | ![]() |
A turning circle is a rounded, widened area usually, but not necessarily, at the end of a road to facilitate easier turning of a vehicle. Also known as a cul de sac. | |||
highway | turning_loop | ![]() |
A widened area of a highway with a non-traversable island for turning around, often circular and at the end of a road. | |||
highway | toll_gantry | ![]() |
A toll gantry is a gantry suspended over a way, usually a motorway, as part of a system of electronic toll collection. For a toll booth with any kind of barrier or booth see: barrier=toll_booth | |||
highway | User Defined | ![]() ![]() |
All commonly used values according to Taginfo |
Assumptions
Only highway=motorway/motorway_link implies anything about quality. Other road types, from highway=trunk through highway=tertiary to highway=residential=residential/service or highway=path/footway/cycleway/track do not imply anything about road quality. In area with poor infrastructure road forming main road network, of the highest importance in region should be tagged highway=trunk - no matter whether it is high-quality wide asphalt road or narrow low-quality tract worse than highway=service in other regions. Some primary roads in Africa are unpaved.
In absence of surface, tracktype and other tags describing quality of road one may try to extrapolate this information from value of highway tag. Note that this needs tuning for every region. Typical highway=primary may be drastically different in various places across the planet.
It is highly recommended to add and use tags describing road quality like surface. In one region it may be obvious that all highway=tertiary are paved and highway=track unpaved but no assumption like that will work worldwide. Also, tagging at least some common values allows to automatically build set of defaults for each area.
See also
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