Key:highway

Main article: Highways

Usage

Main article: Highways

The key highway=* is the main key used for identifying any kind of road, street or path. The value of the key helps indicate the importance of the highway within the road network as a whole. See the table below for an ordered list from most important (motorway) to least important (service).

See the international highway classification equivalence for how different countries apply these tags to their own road networks.

Note that highway=* distinguishes roads by function and importance rather by their physical characteristic and legal classification. Usually these things are highly correlated, but OSM is not obligated to copy official road classifications.

This key is also used for features like bus stops, service areas, pedestrian crossings and other highway related things (see below).

Note that while it can be confusing this key is also used for tagging paths, lamp posts, bus stops, not only major roads.

Examples

We have about a dozen-and-a-half examples for urban road tagging, with photos.

Values

See below for details of commonly used values:

Highway

Key	Value	Element	Comment	Rendering carto	Examples
Roads
This group lists the 7 main tags for the road network, from most to least functionally important for motor vehicle traffic.
highway	motorway		A restricted access major divided highway, normally with 2 or more running lanes plus emergency hard shoulder. Equivalent to the Freeway, Autobahn, etc..
highway	trunk		The most important roads in a country's system that aren't motorways. (Need not necessarily be a divided highway.)		Cat and Fiddle Road, England
highway	primary		The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link larger towns.)		Hunsrückhöhenstraße, Kappel, Germany Tanami Road, Australia
highway	secondary		The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link towns.)		L134, Meyenburg, Schwanewede, Germany Vatnsnesvegur, Iceland
highway	tertiary		The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link smaller towns and villages)		Bergedorfer Straße, Worpswede, Germany Canol Road, Yukon, Canada
highway	unclassified		The least important through roads in a country's system – i.e. minor roads of a lower classification than tertiary, but which serve a purpose other than access to properties. (Often link villages and hamlets.) The word 'unclassified' is a historical artefact of the UK road system and does not mean that the classification is unknown; you can use highway=road for that.		Sentiero 00, Cantagallo, Tuscany, Italy Kuskealleen, Vordingborg, Denmark
highway	residential		Roads which serve as an access to housing, without function of connecting settlements. Often lined with housing.		Main Street, Elko, Nevada, USA
Link roads
highway	motorway_link		The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a motorway from/to a motorway or lower class highway. Normally with the same motorway restrictions.		A5 exit link to A672, Darmstadt, Germany
highway	trunk_link		The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a trunk road from/to a trunk road or lower class highway.		A7 / OAL23 interchange, Nesselwang, Germany
highway	primary_link		The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a primary road from/to a primary road or lower class highway.		B20 exit and entrance to Brunn, Fridolfing, Germany
highway	secondary_link		The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a secondary road from/to a secondary road or lower class highway.
highway	tertiary_link		The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a tertiary road from/to a tertiary road or lower class highway.
Special road types
highway	living_street		For living streets, which are residential streets where pedestrians have legal priority over cars, speeds are kept very low.		beginning of a living street with a paving stones surface and some trees and cars parking at the sides
highway	service		For access roads to, or within an industrial estate, camp site, business park, car park, alleys, etc. Can be used in conjunction with service=* to indicate the type of usage and with access=* to indicate who can use it and in what circumstances.
highway	pedestrian		For roads used mainly/exclusively for pedestrians in shopping and some residential areas which may allow access by motorised vehicles only for very limited periods of the day. To create a 'square' or 'plaza' create a closed way and tag as pedestrian and also with area=yes.
highway	track		Roads for mostly agricultural or forestry uses. To describe the quality of a track, see tracktype=*. Note: Although tracks are often rough with unpaved surfaces, this tag is not describing the quality of a road but its use. Consequently, if you want to tag a general use road, use one of the general highway values instead of track.
highway	bus_guideway		A busway where the vehicle guided by the way (though not a railway) and is not suitable for other traffic. Please note: this is not a normal bus lane, use access=no, psv=yes instead!
highway	escape		For runaway truck ramps, runaway truck lanes, emergency escape ramps, or truck arrester beds. It enables vehicles with braking failure to safely stop.
highway	raceway		A course or track for (motor) racing
highway	road		A road/way/street/motorway/etc. of unknown type. It can stand for anything ranging from a footpath to a motorway. This tag should only be used temporarily until the road/way/etc. has been properly surveyed. If you do know the road type, do not use this value, instead use one of the more specific highway=* values.
highway	busway		A dedicated roadway for bus rapid transit systems		grade-seperated section of busway outside of station
Paths
highway	footway		For designated footpaths; i.e., mainly/exclusively for pedestrians. This includes walking tracks and gravel paths. If bicycles are allowed as well, you can indicate this by adding a bicycle=yes tag. Should not be used for paths where the primary or intended usage is unknown. Use highway=pedestrian for pedestrianised roads in shopping or residential areas and highway=track if it is usable by agricultural or similar vehicles. For ramps (sloped paths without steps), combine this tag with incline=*.
highway	bridleway		For horse riders. Pedestrians are usually also permitted, cyclists may be permitted depending on local rules/laws. Motor vehicles are forbidden.
highway	steps		For flights of steps (stairs) on footways. Use with step_count=* to indicate the number of steps
highway	corridor		For a hallway inside of a building.
highway	path		A non-specific path. Use highway=footway for paths mainly for walkers, highway=cycleway for one also usable by cyclists, highway=bridleway for ones available to horse riders as well as walkers and highway=track for ones which is passable by agriculture or similar vehicles.
highway	via_ferrata		A via ferrata is a route equipped with fixed cables, stemples, ladders, and bridges in order to increase ease and security for climbers. These via ferrata require equipment : climbing harness, shock absorber and two short lengths of rope, but do not require a long rope as for climbing.
When sidewalk/crosswalk is tagged as a separate way
footway	sidewalk		Sidewalk that runs typically along residential road. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path
footway	crossing		Crosswalk that connects two sidewalks on the opposite side of the road. Often recognized by painted markings on the road, road sign or traffic lights. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path. Useful information is presence of tactile_paving=*, wheelchair=* suitability and kerb=* represented as a node on the crosswalk way.
footway	traffic_island		The way between two crossings, safespot for pedestrians, has micromapping characteristics as a detailed alternative to =*. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path.
When sidewalk (or pavement) is tagged on the main roadway (see Sidewalks)
sidewalk	both | left | right | no		Specifies that the highways has sidewalks on both sides, on one side or no sidewalk at all
When cycleway is drawn as its own way (see Bicycle)
highway	cycleway		For designated cycleways. Add foot=*, though it may be avoided if default-access-restrictions do apply.		Separated cycleway with traffic sign
Cycleway tagged on the main roadway or lane (see Bicycle)
cycleway	lane		A lane is a route that lies within the roadway
cycleway	opposite		Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions. Replaced by oneway:bicycle=no.
cycleway	opposite_lane		Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling lane going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" lane). Replaced by oneway:bicycle=no + cycleway:left=lane/cycleway:right=lane + cycleway:left:oneway=-1/cycleway:right:oneway=-1.
cycleway	track		A track provides a route that is separated from traffic. In the United States, this term is often used to refer to bike lanes that are separated from lanes for cars by pavement buffers, bollards, parking lanes, and curbs. Note that a cycle track may alternatively be drawn as a separate way next to the road which is tagged as highway=cycleway.
cycleway	opposite_track		Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling track going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow. Replaced by oneway:bicycle=no + cycleway:left=track/cycleway:right=track + cycleway:left:oneway=-1/cycleway:right:oneway=-1.
cycleway	share_busway		There is a bus lane that cyclists are permitted to use.
cycleway	opposite_share_busway		Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes that have a bus lane that cyclists are also permitted to use, and which go in the opposite direction to normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" bus lane). Replaced by oneway:bicycle=no + cycleway:left=share_busway/cycleway:right=share_busway + cycleway:left:oneway=-1/cycleway:right:oneway=-1.
cycleway	shared_lane		Cyclists share a lane with motor vehicles, there are markings reminding about this. In some places these markings are known as "sharrows" ('sharing arrows') and this is the tag to use for those.
Busways tagged on the main roadway or lane (see Bus lanes)
busway	lane		Deprecated variant to tag bus lanes. Replaced by bus/psv lane tagging lanes:bus=* / lanes:psv=*) / bus:lanes=* / psv:lanes=*
busway	opposite		Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes where buses are legally permitted to travel in both directions. Replaced by oneway:bus=no
busway	opposite_lane		Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes that have a bus lane which go in the opposite direction to normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" bus lane). Replaced by oneway:bus=no and lanes:bus=* / lanes:psv=*) / bus:lanes=* / psv:lanes=*
Street parking tagged on the main roadway (see Street parking)
parking:left / :right / :both (hereafter: parking:side)	lane | street_side | on_kerb | half_on_kerb | shoulder | no | separate | yes		Primary key to record parking along the street. Describes the parking position of parked vehicles in the street.
parking:sideorientation=*	parallel | diagonal | perpendicular		To specify the orientation of parked vehicles if there is street parking.
Lifecycle (see also lifecycle prefixes)
highway	proposed		For planned roads, use with proposed=* and a value of the proposed highway value.
highway	construction		For roads under construction. Use construction=* to hold the value for the completed road.	different colours
Attributes
abutters	commercial | industrial | mixed | residential | retail etc.		See Key:abutters for more details.
bicycle_road	yes		A bicycle road is a road designated for bicycles. If residential streets get the status of bicycle roads, normally, by special signs, motor traffic is admitted with limited speed, often only for residents.
bus_bay	both | left | right		A bus bay outside the main carriageway for boarding/alighting
change	yes | no | not_right | not_left | only_right | only_left		Specify the allowed/forbidden lane changes
destination	<place name of destination>		Destination when following a linear feature
embankment	yes | dyke		A dyke or a raised bank to carry a road, railway, or canal across a low-lying or wet area.
embedded_rails	yes | <type of railway>		A highway on which non-railway traffic is also allowed has railway tracks embedded in it but the rails are mapped as separate ways.
ford	yes		The road crosses through stream or river, vehicles must enter any water.
frontage_road	yes		A frontage road.
ice_road	yes		A highway is laid upon frozen water basin, definitely doesn't exist in summer.
incline	Number % | ° | up | down		Incline steepness as percents ("5%") or degrees ("20°"). Positive/negative values indicate movement upward/downwards in the direction of the way.
junction	roundabout		This automatically implies oneway=yes, the oneway direction is defined by the sequential ordering of nodes within the Way. This applies on a way, tagged with highway=* already.
lanes	<number>		The number of traffic lanes for general purpose traffic, also for buses and other specific classes of vehicle.
lane_markings	yes | no		Specifies if a highway has painted markings to indicate the position of the lanes.
lit	yes | no		Street lighting
maxspeed	<number>		Specifies the maximum legal speed limit on a road, railway or waterway.
motorroad	yes | no		The motorroad tag is used to describe highways that have motorway-like access restrictions but that are not a motorway.
mountain_pass	yes		The highest point of a mountain pass.
mtb:scale	0-6		Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A classification scheme for mtb trails (few inclination and downhill).
mtb:scale:uphill	0-5		A classification scheme for mtb trails for going uphill if there is significant inclination.
mtb:scale:imba	0-4		The IMBA Trail Difficulty Rating System shall be used for bikeparks. It is adapted to mtb trails with artificial obstacles.
mtb:description	Text		Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A key to input variable infos related to mtbiking on a way with human words
oneway	yes | no | reversible		Oneway streets are streets where you are only allowed to drive in one direction.
oneway:bicycle	yes | no |		Used on ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions.
overtaking	yes | no | caution | both | forward | backward		Specifying sections of roads where overtaking is legally forbidden. Use overtaking:forward=yes/no/caution and overtaking:backward=yes/no/caution when it depends on driving direction.
parking:lane	parallel | diagonal | perpendicular | marked | no_parking | no_stopping | fire_lane.		Deprecated variant to map parking along streets. See section on street parking above or the street parking page for more details.
parking:condition	free | ticket | disc | residents | customers | private		Deprecated variant to map parking conditions along streets. See section on street parking above or the street parking page for more details.
passing_places	yes		A way which has frequent passing places (See also: highway=passing_place)
priority	forward | backward		Traffic priority for narrow parts of roads, e.g. narrow bridges.
priority_road	designated | yes_unposted | end		Specifying roads signposted as priority roads.
sac_scale	strolling | hiking | mountain_hiking | demanding_mountain_hiking | alpine_hiking | demanding_alpine_hiking | difficult_alpine_hiking		Applies to highway=path and highway=footway. A classification scheme for hiking trails.
service	alley | driveway | parking_aisle etc.		See Key:service for more details.
shoulder	no | yes | right | both | left		Presence of shoulder in highway
side_road	yes		A side road.
smoothness	excellent | good | intermediate | bad | very_bad | horrible | very_horrible | impassable		Specifies the physical usability of a way for wheeled vehicles due to surface regularity/flatness. See Key:smoothness for more details.
surface	paved | unpaved | asphalt | concrete | paving_stones | sett | cobblestone | metal | wood | compacted | fine_gravel | gravel | pebblestone | plastic | grass_paver | grass | dirt | earth | mud | sand | ground		See Key:surface for more details.
tactile_paving	yes | no		A paving in the ground to be followed with a blindman's stick.
tracktype	grade1 | grade2 | grade3 | grade4 | grade5		To describe the quality of the surface. See Key:tracktype for more information.
traffic_calming	bump | hump | table | island | cushion | yes | etc.		Features used to slow down traffic. See Key:traffic calming for more details.
trail_visibility	excellent | good | intermediate | bad | horrible | no		Applies to highway=path, highway=footway, highway=cycleway and highway=bridleway. A classification for hiking trails visibility
trailblazed	yes | no | poles | cairns | symbols		Applies to highway=*. Describing trail blazing and marking. See Key:trailblazed for more information.
trailblazed:visibility	excellent | good | intermediate | bad | horrible | no		Applies to trailblazed=*. A classification for visibility of trailblazing. See Key:trailblazed:visibility for more information.
turn	left | slight_left | through | right | slight_right | merge_to_left | merge_to_right | reverse		The key turn can be used to specify the direction in which a way or a lane will lead.
width	<number>		The width of a feature.
winter_road	yes		A highway functions during winter, probably can't be driven in summer.
Other highway features
highway	bus_stop		A small bus stop. Optionally one may also use public_transport=stop_position for the position where the vehicle stops and public_transport=platform for the place where passengers wait.
highway	crossing		A.k.a. crosswalk. Pedestrians can cross a street here; e.g., zebra crossing
highway	cyclist_waiting_aid		Street furniture for cyclists that are intended to make waiting at esp. traffic lights more comfortable.
highway	elevator		An elevator or lift, used to travel vertically, providing passenger and freight access between pathways at different floor levels.
highway	emergency_bay		An area beside a highway where you can safely stop your car in case of breakdown or emergency.
highway	emergency_access_point		Sign number which can be used to define your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN. See also emergency=access_point
highway	give_way		A "give way," or "Yield" sign
emergency	phone		A calling device can be used to tell on your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN
highway	hitchhiking		Like a bus_stop but for free, uncertain, spontaneous rides with strangers.
highway	ladder		A vertical or inclined set of steps or rungs intended for climbing or descending of a person with the help of hands.
highway	milestone		Highway location marker
highway	mini_roundabout		Similar to roundabouts, but at the center there is either a painted circle or a fully traversable island. In case of an untraversable center island, junction=roundabout should be used. Rendered as anti-clockwise by default direction=anticlockwise. To render clockwise add the tag direction=clockwise.
highway	motorway_junction		Indicates a junction (UK) or exit (US). ref=* should be set to the exit number or junction identifier. (Some roads – e.g., the A14 – also carry junction numbers, so the tag may be encountered elsewhere despite its name)
highway	passing_place		The location of a passing space
highway	platform		A platform at a bus stop or station.
highway	rest_area		Place where drivers can leave the road to rest, but not refuel.
highway	services		A service station to get food and eat something, often found at motorways
highway	speed_camera		A fixed road-side or overhead speed camera.
highway	speed_display		A dynamic electronic sign that displays the speed of the passer-by motorist.
highway	stop		A stop sign
highway	street_lamp		A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night
highway	toll_gantry		A toll gantry is a gantry suspended over a way, usually a motorway, as part of a system of electronic toll collection. For a toll booth with any kind of barrier or booth see: barrier=toll_booth
highway	traffic_mirror		Mirror that reflects the traffic on one road when direct view is blocked.
highway	traffic_signals		Lights that control the traffic
highway	trailhead		Designated place to start on a trail or route
highway	turning_circle		A turning circle is a rounded, widened area usually, but not necessarily, at the end of a road to facilitate easier turning of a vehicle. Also known as a cul de sac.
highway	turning_loop		A widened area of a highway with a non-traversable island for turning around, often circular and at the end of a road.
highway	User Defined		All commonly used values according to Taginfo

Assumptions

Unpaved road of major importance, example of a tertiary road on Highway Tag Africa

Forestry road not used as link between settlements, correctly tagged as highway=track + surface=asphalt + tracktype=grade1

Only motorway and motorway_link indicate quality. Other road types, from trunk to tertiary to residential, service, path, footway, cycleway or track, do not imply anything about road quality, only importance and intended main use.

In a region with poor infrastructure, a road of highest importance, forming the main road network there, should be trunk, regardless of being a high-quality wide asphalt road or a low-quality narrow track worse than service in other regions. Examples include the Kolyma Highway (P-504) and the Vilyuy Highway (A-331) in the Russian Far East, and a long stretch of the Trans-Amazonian Highway (BR-230) and BR-319 in the North Region of Brazil.

A typical primary can also vary drastically between different regions on the planet. Some primary roads in parts of Africa, Asia, South America, Canada, Alaska, Australia and Iceland are unpaved. Examples include the Anadyr Highway (A-384) in the Russian Far East and the Juba–Rumbek Road (route 69) in South Sudan.

It is highly recommended to add tags describing road quality, such as surface=*. In one region, it may be obvious that all tertiary roads are paved and all track ways are not paved, but this kind of assumption does not work worldwide. Tagging at least some common values allows building a set of default values ​​for each area.

In the absence of surface=*, tracktype=* and other tags describing road quality, one may try to extrapolate this information from the value of the highway tag. This should be fine-tuned for each region.

See also

• Statistics about tagged roads (length for each country with history, possibility to display info about specific road class) [Archived]

Possible tagging mistakes

road=*

More details at taginfo

• road=*

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