Australian Tagging Guidelines/Railway Signals

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This page only describes how to tag railway signals. For general information about railways in Australia, see the Rail and Trains pages.

Signals are rendered on OpenRailwayMap, see here for an example.

All signals should have some standard tags which are not included in the tables below:

Heavy Rail

NSW

Category Diagram Photo Name Tags Taginfo
# Main Signal
Listed in the order that they appear on the signal post, from top to bottom:
route_distant
or

or
Turnout Repeater[1]: 4 [2]: 6 [3]: 25  railway:signal:route_distant=AU:NSW:turnout_repeater
railway:signal:route_distant:form=light
railway:signal:route_distant:shape=* - what shape:
  • theatre_box
  • feather

railway:signal:route_distant:states=* - list the possible aspects:

  • straight
  • right
  • left
  • off

route Mainline Route Indicator (Theatre Box)[1]: 2 [2]: 5 [3]: 22  railway:signal:route=AU:NSW:theatre_box
railway:signal:route:form=light
List the possible routes:

railway:signal:route:states=UM;US
railway:signal:route:states_long=Up Main;Up Suburban

main Main Signal[4]: 14–15  railway:signal:main=AU:NSW:main
railway:signal:main:form=light/semaphore
railway:signal:main:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • GYR (green + yellow + red) or
  • GR (green + red) or
  • YR (yellow + red)
  • R (red)
  • G (green)

railway:signal:main:type=* - vertical alignment (relative to the distant signal below):

  • aligned (default value)
  • staggered

railway:signal:main:shape=* - shape:

  • multi_unit (default value)
  • searchlight

distant Distant Signal[4]: 13 

when located below a main signal.
only found in Double Light Regime areas[note 1]

railway:signal:distant=AU:NSW:distant
railway:signal:distant:form=light
railway:signal:distant:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • GYR (green + yellow + red)
  • GR (green + red)
  • YR (yellow + red)
  • R (red)
  • GYRg (green + yellow + red + low-speed)
  • GRg (green + red + low-speed)
  • YRg (yellow + red + low-speed)

railway:signal:distant:shape=* - shape:

  • multi_unit (default value)
  • searchlight

Standalone Distant Signal[4]: 13 

only found in Single Light Regime areas[note 1]

railway:signal:distant=AU:NSW:distant
railway:signal:distant:form=light/semaphore
railway:signal:distant:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • GY (green + yellow) or

railway:signal:distant:shape=* - shape:

  • multi_unit (default value)
  • searchlight

switch Turnout Route

only found in Single Light Regime areas[note 1]

railway:signal:switch=AU:NSW:turnout_route
railway:signal:switch:form=light
railway:signal:switch:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • right
  • left
  • off

minor Low Speed[5]: 9  railway:signal:minor=AU:NSW:low_speed
railway:signal:minor:form=light

Close Up[5]: 9  railway:signal:minor=AU:NSW:close_up
railway:signal:minor:form=light

Note: In Double Light Regime[note 1], this green minor light could alternatively be part of the distant signal head (see above)
shunting_route Shunt Route Indicator (Stencil)[1]: 3 [3]: 23–24  railway:signal:shunting_route=AU:NSW:stencil
railway:signal:shunting_route:form=light
List the possible routes:

railway:signal:shunting_route:states=UM;1;US
railway:signal:shunting_route:states_long=Up Main;Platform 1;Up Suburban

shunting Calling-On[6]: 8 
Shunt Ahead[6]: 9 
railway:signal:shunting=AU:NSW:subsidiary
railway:signal:shunting:form=light
railway:signal:shunting:type=* - specify:
  • calling_on if not flashing
  • shunt_ahead if flashing

short_route Dead End[6]: 10  railway:signal:short_route=AU:NSW:dead_end
railway:signal:short_route:form=light
railway:signal:short_route:shape=* - specify the side:
  • right
  • left

train_protection Automatic Light[3]: 45–50 [4]: 7–9  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:A
railway:signal:train_protection:form=light

helper_engine Tonnage Light[2]: 15  railway:signal:helper_engine=AU:NSW:tonnage
railway:signal:helper_engine:form=light

# Shunt Signals
shunting General Shunt Signal[6]: 4 
(two possible shapes)
railway:signal:shunting=AU:NSW:shunt
railway:signal:shunting:form=light
railway:signal:shunting:shape=box

railway:signal:shunting=AU:NSW:shunt
railway:signal:shunting:form=light
railway:signal:shunting:shape=vertical

Intermediate Shunt Signal[6]: 6 [3]: 68–69 
(two possible shapes)
railway:signal:shunting=AU:NSW:intermediate
railway:signal:shunting:form=light
railway:signal:shunting:shape=box

railway:signal:shunting=AU:NSW:intermediate
railway:signal:shunting:form=light
railway:signal:shunting:shape=vertical

switch Facing Points Indicator[1]: 7 [2]: 3  railway:signal:switch=AU:NSW:facing_points
railway:signal:switch:form=light


or
Trailing Points Indicator[1]: 7 [2]: 3  railway:signal:switch=AU:NSW:trailing_points
railway:signal:switch:form=light

# Repeaters
main_repeated LED Repeater[5]: 15  railway:signal:main_repeated=AU:NSW:LED_repeater
railway:signal:main_repeated:form=light

Low speed repeater[7]: 16  ?
Position Light Repeater[5]: 16 [note 2] ?
Shunt Repeater[6]: 7 [note 2] ?
Co-acting[4]: 15–17  ?

Repeaters are complicated:

  • See the section above for another types of repeater - the Turnout Repeater.
  • Some repeaters look identical to the original signal, except for a REPEATER/REP plate. Example: . Map these as a normal signal, but add railway:signal:category:repeated=yes, and typically also railway:signal:category:height=dwarf.
# Others
stop End of Track[1]: 2  railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:dead_end
railway:signal:stop:form=light
railway:signal:stop:states=* - select the aspect:
  • WR (white over red)

or

  • R (red)

main_repeated Guards Indicator[1]: 2 [3]: 79–80  railway:signal:main_repeated=AU:NSW:guards_indicator
railway:signal:main_repeated:form=light

train_protection Warning Light[1]: 11  (bulb) railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:warning_light
railway:signal:train_protection:form=light
railway:signal:train_protection:shape=bulb

Warning Light[1]: 11  (array) railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:warning_light
railway:signal:train_protection:form=light
railway:signal:train_protection:shape=array

# Dark Territory (­)
minor Mainline Indicator[1]: 5–6 [8] railway:signal:minor=AU:NSW:MLI
railway:signal:minor:form=light
railway:signal:minor:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • WYR (flashing white + yellow + red)
  • WR (flashing white + red)

switch Mainline Indicator - Turnout[1]: 5–6 [8] railway:signal:switch=AU:NSW:MLI_turnout
railway:signal:switch:form=light
railway:signal:switch:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • right
  • left
  • off

The white diamond with a letter inside is the ref=* of the signal.
# Speed Signs
speed_limit General + Medium + High[9]: 10  railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:NSW:general_medium_high
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=60;90;160

General + High[9]: 9  railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:NSW:general_high
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=60;160

General[9]: 8–10  railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:NSW:general
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=100

Medium[9]: 10  railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:NSW:medium
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=90

High[9]: 10  railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:NSW:high
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=160

Notes:
  • For turnout speed[9]: 11  signs (), use the same tags, and set the value of railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=* to the exact text on the sign. For example, X30.
  • The shape of the sign is irrelevant, has the same meaning as .[9]: 9 
Yard Speed[9]: 14  railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:NSW:yard
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=13

Intermediate Train Stop Advisory Speed[9]: 15–16  railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:NSW:train_stop
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=20

# Other Signs
station_distant Yard Limit (YL)[5]: 17–18  railway:signal:station_distant=AU:NSW:YL
railway:signal:station_distant:form=sign
+
railway:signal:station_distant:caption=North Sydney

departure End Yard Limit (EYL)[5]: 17–18  railway:signal:departure=AU:NSW:EYL
railway:signal:departure:form=sign
+
railway:signal:departure:caption=North Sydney

stop Stop Position[10]: 5–8  railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:stop_position
railway:signal:stop:form=sign
+
railway:signal:stop:states=6;4V

Safety Run Off Area[11]: 58–59  railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:safety_overrun
railway:signal:stop:form=sign

Stop
(signal imperfectly displayed)
railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:stop
railway:signal:stop:form=sign
railway:signal:stop:shape=octogon
traffic_sign=AU:R1-1

Stop[1]: 15  railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:stop
railway:signal:stop:form=sign
+
railway:signal:stop:shape=horizontal/vertical

Catch Point[2]: 9  railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:catch_point
railway:signal:stop:form=sign

Derail[2]: 10  railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:derail
railway:signal:stop:form=sign

Loading Gauge limit[2]: 11  railway:signal:stop=AU:NSW:loading_gauge
railway:signal:stop:form=sign
+
railway:signal:stop:caption=Medium

shunting Shunting Limit[2]: 17  railway:signal:shunting=AU:NSW:shunting_limit
railway:signal:shunting:form=sign
+
railway:signal:shunting:caption=on Down Road (if there is additional text)

electricity Block Join[2]: 8  railway:signal:electricity=AU:NSW:block_join
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Electric Train Stop[2]: 11  railway:signal:electricity=AU:NSW:electric_limit
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Unelectrified Turnout[2]: 11 [11]: 57  railway:signal:electricity=AU:NSW:turnout
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

fouling_point Points Cleared[2]: 12  railway:signal:fouling_point=AU:NSW:points_cleared
railway:signal:fouling_point:form=sign
+
railway:signal:fouling_point:caption=8V Cars

whistle
or
Whistle[1]: 40  railway:signal:whistle=AU:NSW:whistle
railway:signal:whistle:form=sign
+
railway:signal:whistle:caption=* (if there is extra text)

No Whistle[2]: 14  railway:signal:whistle=AU:NSW:no_whistle
railway:signal:whistle:form=sign

crossing_hint
Unsignalised Level Crossing Ahead[12]: 2–3  railway:signal:crossing_hint=AU:NSW:unsignalised
railway:signal:crossing_hint:form=sign
traffic_sign=AU:W7-8
+
railway:signal:crossing_hint:caption=* (if there's a name plate)

Signalised Level Crossing Ahead[12]: 4  railway:signal:crossing_hint=AU:NSW:signalised
railway:signal:crossing_hint:form=sign
traffic_sign=AU:W7-4
+
railway:signal:crossing_hint:caption=* (if there's a name plate)

station_distant Location[5]: 17  railway:signal:station_distant=AU:NSW:location
railway:signal:station_distant:form=sign
+
railway:signal:station_distant:caption=Jasper's Brush

Landmark[5]: 17  railway:signal:station_distant=AU:NSW:landmark
railway:signal:station_distant:form=sign

main_repeated Alert[2]: 18  railway:signal:main_repeated=AU:NSW:alert
railway:signal:main_repeated:form=sign
+
ref=SY 12.3
railway:signal:main_repeated:caption=456m

train_protection Begin Single Light Indication[2]: 20  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:begin_single_light
railway:signal:train_protection:form=sign

End Single Light Indication[2]: 20  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:end_single_light
railway:signal:train_protection:form=sign

Begin Train Order Working[1]: 24  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:begin_TOW
railway:signal:train_protection:form=sign

End Train Order Working[1]: 24  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:end_TOW
railway:signal:train_protection:form=sign

Begin Automatic train protection (ATP)[2]: 7  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:begin_ATP
railway:signal:train_protection:form=sign

End Automatic train protection (ATP)[2]: 7  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:end_ATP
railway:signal:train_protection:form=sign

Network Control Limit[1]: 25  railway=owner_change

End Signalled Authority[2]: 12  railway:signal:train_protection=AU:NSW:end_signalled_authority
railway:signal:train_protection:form=sign

Full Example

1. It states letters/numbers, therefore it's AU:NSW:theatre_box not AU:NSW:turnout_repeater.
railway:signal:route=AU:NSW:theatre_box
railway:signal:route:form=light
railway:signal:route:states=11;12;13;14
railway:signal:route:states_long=Platform 11;Platform 12;Platform 13;Platform 14

2. There are two signal heads on this pole, this upper one is the main signal.
railway:signal:main=AU:NSW:main
railway:signal:main:form=light
railway:signal:main:states=GR (it can display Green+Red)
railway:signal:main:type=aligned (optional, since this is the default value)
railway:signal:main:shape=multi_unit (optional, since this is the default value)

3. Include any extra words like IND or REPEATER, if they exist.
ref=SY 74

4. There are two signal heads on this pole, this lower one is the distant signal.
railway:signal:distant=AU:NSW:distant
railway:signal:distant:form=light
railway:signal:distant:states=R (it can only display Red)

5. It's green, so it must be a low_speed light
railway:signal:minor=AU:NSW:low_speed
railway:signal:minor:form=light

6. Another route indicator, stencil-type
railway:signal:shunting_route=AU:NSW:stencil
railway:signal:shunting_route:form=light
railway:signal:shunting_route:states=9;10;UB;DB - if you don't know all the possible values, use ;?
railway:signal:shunting_route:states_long=Platform 9;Platform 10;Up Bankstown;Down Bankstown

7. It's yellow and aligned with the signal post, so it must be a subsidiary shunting signal
railway:signal:shunting=AU:NSW:subsidiary
railway:signal:shunting:form=light
railway:signal:shunting:type=calling_on (because it's a solid orange light, not a flashing orange light)

8. Non-standard sign, no defined tags. Use any OSM tags to describe it.
note=there is an additional sign which says “…”

Other Trackside Equipment

NSW - Sydney Metro

Category Photo Name Tags Taginfo
minor Location Marker Board[14]: 6  railway:signal:minor=AU:MNWSW:location
railway:signal:minor:form=sign
+
railway:signal:minor:caption=SYD_UP
ref=SI_2301

Track Section Board Don't map the sign, instead use railway:ref=* on the tracks to indicate the track section ID.
fouling_point Points Cleared[14]: 5  railway:signal:fouling_point=AU:MNWSW:points_cleared
railway:signal:fouling_point:form=sign
+
railway:signal:fouling_point:caption=6 Cars

main Point Position Indicator[14]: 2  railway:signal:main=AU:MNWSW:points_indiciator
railway:signal:main:form=light
+
ref=SI_1801
railway:signal:main:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • stop
  • straight
  • right
  • left

route Route Indicator[14]: 1  railway:signal:route=AU:MNWSW:route_indicator
railway:signal:route:form=light
+
railway:signal:route:states=UP;DN;19
railway:signal:route:states_long=Up Main;Down Main;Road 19
Note: this would typically be combined into a single node with main above.

stop Fixed Red[14]: 6  railway:signal:stop=AU:MNWSW:fixed_red
railway:signal:stop:form=light
count=2

Other signs from the NSW section (above) can also be used, such as Stop[14]: 3  and Speed Limit[14]: 4–5 .

Light Rail / Tram

Nation-wide

Category Photo Name Tags Taginfo
speed_limit Speed Limit (W1-10, previously W5-V110) railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:LightRail:W1-10
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=60

Also: traffic_sign=AU:W1-10[60]

Advisory Speed Limit (G9-390N) railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:LightRail:G9-390N
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=60

Also: traffic_sign=AU:G9-390N[60]

Advisory Speed Limit (G9-390N) for turnout on left side railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:LightRail:G9-390N
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
railway:signal:speed_limit:shape=turnout_left
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=10;40

Also: traffic_sign=AU:G9-390N[10;40]

Advisory Speed Limit (G9-390N) for turnout on right side railway:signal:speed_limit=AU:LightRail:G9-390N
railway:signal:speed_limit:form=sign
railway:signal:speed_limit:shape=turnout_right
+
railway:signal:speed_limit:speed=40;10

Also: traffic_sign=AU:G9-390N[40;10]

stop Fixed Red[3]: 41  railway:signal:stop=AU:LightRail:fixed_red
railway:signal:stop:form=sign

electricity Coast On railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:coast_on
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Coast Off railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:coast_off
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Signals
minor Points Indicator[15]: 19  railway:signal:minor=AU:LightRail:PI
railway:signal:minor:form=light
railway:signal:minor:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • stop_red
  • stop
  • straight
  • right
  • left

Signal Operated Points Indicator[15]: 20  railway:signal:minor=AU:LightRail:SPI
railway:signal:minor:form=light
railway:signal:minor:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • locked
  • straight
  • right
  • left

main Signal System Lanterns[15]: 20  railway:signal:main=AU:LightRail:SI
railway:signal:main:form=light
railway:signal:main:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • stop
  • straight
  • right
  • left
  • error
  • warning

route Route Indicator railway:signal:route=AU:LightRail:route_indicator
railway:signal:route:form=light
List the possible routes:

railway:signal:route:states=1;2;Y
railway:signal:route:states_long=Platform 1;Platform 2;Yard

For other possible light rail signals, see the NSW section below

NSW

Category Photo Name Tags Taginfo
route Set Route[16] railway:signal:route=AU:LightRail:NSW:set_route
railway:signal:route:form=sign

minor CS railway:signal:minor=AU:LightRail:NSW:CS
railway:signal:minor:form=sign

D (Train Detector [ citation needed ]) railway:signal:minor=AU:LightRail:NSW:D
railway:signal:minor:form=sign

shunting LM (Shunting Limit[17]: 6 ) railway:signal:shunting=AU:LightRail:NSW:LM
railway:signal:shunting:form=sign

SL (Shunting Limit[17]: 6 ) railway:signal:shunting=AU:LightRail:NSW:SL
railway:signal:shunting:form=sign

SZ (Shunting Zone[16]) railway:signal:shunting=AU:LightRail:NSW:SZ
railway:signal:shunting:form=sign

departure RTS (Ready to Start[18]) railway:signal:departure=AU:LightRail:NSW:RTS
railway:signal:departure:form=sign

stop SWI (Stop with Instruction[16]) railway:signal:stop=AU:LightRail:NSW:SWI
railway:signal:stop:form=sign

Stop railway:signal:stop=AU:LightRail:NSW:stop
railway:signal:stop:form=sign

electricity Raise OHW (Overhead Wiring) conductor railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:NSW:raise_OHW
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Lower OHW (Overhead Wiring) conductor railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:NSW:lower_OHW
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Raise OESS (Onboard Energy Storage System) conductor railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:NSW:raise_OESS
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Lower OESS (Onboard Energy Storage System) conductor railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:NSW:lower_OESS
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Raise APS (Aesthetic Power Supply) conductor railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:NSW:raise_APS
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Lower APS (Aesthetic Power Supply) conductor railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:NSW:lower_APS
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

Signals
main Ground Signal railway:signal:main=AU:LightRail:NSW:ground
railway:signal:main:form=light
railway:signal:main:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • stop
  • caution
  • clear

Signal railway:signal:main=AU:LightRail:NSW:SI
railway:signal:main:form=light
railway:signal:main:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • stop
  • straight
  • right
  • left

Points Indicator railway:signal:main=AU:LightRail:NSW:PI
railway:signal:main:form=light
railway:signal:main:states=* - list the possible aspects:
  • stop
  • straight
  • right
  • left

For other possible light rail signals, see the Nation-wide section above

VIC

Category Photo Name Tags Taginfo
electricity Cut Off (for Section Isolation[19]) railway:signal:electricity=AU:LightRail:VIC:cut_off
railway:signal:electricity:form=sign

stop Double solid yellow line (Compulsory Stop Mark[15]: 23 ) railway:signal:stop=AU:LightRail:VIC:double_yellow
railway:signal:stop:form=sign

fouling_point Single solid yellow line (Fouling Mark[15]: 25 ) railway:signal:fouling_point=AU:LightRail:VIC:single_yellow
railway:signal:fouling_point:form=sign

ACT

Category Photo Name Tags Taginfo
route Set Route railway:signal:route=AU:LightRail:ACT:set_route
railway:signal:route:form=sign

QLD

Category Photo Name Tags Taginfo
route Select Points Now railway:signal:route=AU:LightRail:QLD:set_route
railway:signal:route:form=sign

Other

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 NSW is divided into two signaling regimes: Single Light and Double Light. Some signal components can only exist in one of the regimes.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Don't confuse Shunt Repeaters with mainline Position Light Repeaters, which look identical.

References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 “ANSG 604 Indicators and Signs”. Australian Rail Track Corporation. 
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 “NSG 604 Indicators and Signs”. Railsafe. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 “Engineering (Signalling) Standard SDS 01 Signals”. Australian Rail Track Corporation. 25 August 2006. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 “NSG 600 Running signals”. RailSafe. 29 April 2017. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 “NSG 606 Responding to signals and signs”. Railsafe. 30 September 2018. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 “ANSG 602 Shunting Signals”. Australian Rail Track Corporation. 
  7. “ANSG 600 Running Signals”. Australian Rail Track Corporation. 11 October 2015. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 Graham Vincent. “NSW Main Line Indicators”. SA Track and Signal. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 “Standard – TS 00017:1.0 – Speed Signs”. Transport for NSW. 21 November 2022. 
  10. “Technical Direction – TD 00002:2021 – SPC 213 Trackside Signs”. Transport for NSW. 2021. 
  11. 11.0 11.1 “Technical Specification – TS 00012:1.0 – SPG 1210 Signalling Signage”. Transport for NSW. 21 November 2022. 
  12. 12.0 12.1 “NGE 216 Level crossings”. RailSafe. 04 May 2025. 
  13. “Suggested by User:Kovposch”. OSM Discord. 5 October 2025. 
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 “Rail Safety Rules MSG 604 Indicators and signs”. Metro Trains Sydney. 
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 “Infrastructure - Signals – Design Construction and Maintenance Standard - Yarra Trams”. 
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 “Explained to User:Kylenz by a (rather bemused) light rail driver”. October 2025. 
  17. 17.0 17.1 “Network Local Appendices”. RailSafe. May 2015. 
  18. “YouTube timecode 00:01:30”. 
  19. “Cut Off”. 20 June 2024.