About the Project

This program is a joint venture with the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC), Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Becana (BNPB), PetaBencana.id , and Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) Indonesia (Currently Perkumpulan OpenStreetMap Indonesia) to support disaster management tools and data for Indonesia.

This project has been mapped in 3 cities in Indonesia. The first city was Surabaya (October 2016 - February 2017), the second city was DKI Jakarta (March - November 2017), and the third city was Semarang (February - July 2018). These mapping activities were done by the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) Indonesia with cooperation and support from the local government such as city government and local disaster management agency (BPBD). The BPBD supported the regulation and permission letter to collect the data in the field. Then the local university has supported to digitize the buildings and roads through Mapathon activity. After the projects the local partners continued the project sustainability, we trained them about how to update and use the OSM data by ToT training.

In each city we have collaboration with the local university and BPBD:

Surabaya: BPBD Jawa Timur and Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS)
DKI Jakarta: BPBD DKI Jakarta and University of Indonesia
Semarang: BPBD Semarang and Jendral Soedirman University

The aim of this project is to complete and provide spatial open data for public so it can be used for any disaster management sector by National Government (BNPB) and Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD).

Activities

1. Planning and Preparation

Assessment with existing data in OpenStreetMap and the local government such as boundary administrative as a initial map and information for the mapping and survey activity.
Created the data model for the infrastructures mapped that related with disaster preparedness
Developed OpenMapKit and ODK Collect for mobile data collection
Created the survey village maps with admin boundary and basemap OSM, satellite imagery
Kick off and meeting with BPBD and university
Recruitment the data entry and quality assurance staff

2. Capacity Building with the BPBD and university

We conducted the training and mapathon with tasking manager to complete initial data in the field such as building footprints and roads. This activity has been done through Mapathon with students from the local university.

3. Field Data Collection

Field Survey to collect all information of buildings, roads and critical infrastructures. This activity was also involved discussion with village representatives to determine and update administration boundary such as sub-villlage and village boundary.

4. Quality Data & Analysis Data

Ensure the quality of the data was essential activities in the project, we have dedicated team to improve and validate the data from the surveyor, volunteer, and data entry. After the activity, we downloaded the data to analysis dan create thematic maps. We have printed all maps related to survey and mapping activities. These maps are villages maps of city project, infrastructures map and thematic maps for local disaster management agency (BPBD).

5. Distribute the maps and Create the Atlas

We distributed the all infrastructures maps for the village offices and hazard maps for BPBD. The atlas was represented the thematic maps and all the villages maps.

6. Training of Trainer for Project Sustainability

Conducted the trainings and workshops to share knowledge about this project and all related material on it to local disaster management agency (BPBD) and the local university in each city. The training material was provided on the PDC documentation toolbox web that people can be accessible. After the project we created the video documentation for learning and sharing with the wide community.

Mapping Team Structure

The project has 2 different mapping team structures. Surabaya and Semarang have a smaller size than DKI Jakarta, therefore, the number of team members was different as well. For Surabaya and Semarang, we had 22 mapping team member that divided into 2 mapping supervisor, 4 Quality Data Assurance and 16 Spatial Data Entry. The mapping team divided into small groups where each group only consist of 2 Spatial Data Entry and each Quality Data Assurance being responsible to maintain data survey quality from 2 small groups or 4 spatial Data Entry. For each Mapping Supervisor, they had to supervised 2 Quality Data Assurance and maintain their team works including Spatial Data Entry. The team structure can be seen like this:

DKI Jakarta had a larger number of mapping team member because of its size almost two times bigger than Surabaya with 6 Kotamadya/City, 44 subdistricts, and 267 villages (kelurahan). Therefore, we added 1 Quality Data Assurance and 4 Spatial Data Entry so the total number of the mapping team member in DKI Jakarta was 27 people. They were divided into 2 mapping supervisor, 5 Quality Data Assurance and 20 Spatial Data Entry. In general, each position has a similar responsibility with Surabaya Project. The team structure can be seen as the picture below:

Mapping Tools and Methodology

Generally, There are 3 mapping steps in this project.

Data Assessment and Data Model
Digitize
Field Survey

First step is the data assessment with the local government to identify the potential exposure data that used for disaster management. We created the data model for the specification and capture the enrich of the data and information.

Second step is digitize all building footprint and highway using HOT Tasking Manager. The purpose was to complete all the object before field survey and can be easily edit using OpenMapKit The project was given a high resolution satellite imagery by US GeoCenter so all digitizion result based on good and update satellite imagery.

Third step is Field Survey using OpenDataKit (ODK) Collect and OpenMapKit as a GPS and Printed Survey Form replacement. The team go to the field using motorcycle and survey all infrastructures in their area as well as asking village office representative to update the administration boundary. The process for field survey can be seen in picture below:

Mapping Timeline

As have been mentioned above, Surabaya, Semarang and DKI Jakarta have different area size. Therefore, it determines how long the mapping activity going. Surabaya with a smaller area than the others area took around 5 months for its field survey area to be completed with the total duration was 6 months. The picture below shows Surabaya Mapping Timeline:

Semarang took a bit longer than Surabaya to be completed. Some factors contribute to this such as area size, city's landscape, and national public holiday for almost 2 weeks. The Semarang mapping activity takes 6 months to be finished. The picture below shows Semarang mapping Timeline:

The longest city to being surveyed was Jakarta with approximately around 7 months to be completed. There were some factors contributed to the duration such as heavy traffic jam, weather, and size of the survey area. The picture below shows a mapping schedule for the city of Jakarta:

Mapping Objects

Administrative Boundary

There are 4 administrative boundary that has been mapped (add and/or update) during this project.

City/Regency Boundary
Municipality Boundary
Village Boundary
Community Group (RW) Boundary


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value
1.	City/Regency Boundary	A Boundary for City/Regency areas	admin_level	5
2.	Municipality Boundary	A boundary for Municipality areas	admin_level	6
3.	Village Boundary	A boundary for Village areas	admin_level	7
4.	Sub Village Boundary	A boundary for Community Group areas	admin_level	9
5.	Sub Sub Village Boundary	A boundary for sub sub villages areas. In Indonesia, it called Rukun Tetangga (RT) and the lowest level of administration boundary in Indonesia. HOT mapped and update some of RT Boundaries only in DKI Jakarta based on request from Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) DKI Jakarta.	admin_level	10

This is sample of how the administration boundary has been drawn in survey map and rendered into OpenStreetMap.

Critical Facilities

There are 11 critical facilities that become priority objects for PDC-InaWARE Indonesia Project:

Finance
Communication
Transportation
Water Supply System
Electrical Power System
Fuel Storage
Public Institution
Sport Facilities
Health Facilities
Emergency Services
Government Establishments

Finance


No.	Object Name	Object Type	Description	Key	Value	OSM Rendering	Sample Picture
1.	Bank		A place that provides financial services for people, such as money deposit, money saving and credit for financial services.	amenity	bank

Communication


No.	Object Name	Object Type	Description	Key	Value	OSM Rendering	Sample Picture
1.	Communication Tower		Tower to provide and deliver communication signal	man_made	communications_tower

Transportation


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value	Sample Picture
1.	Airports	A place for planes to arrived and departed	aeroway	aerodrome
2.	Ferry Terminal	A place for ships to arrived and departed	amenity	ferry_terminal	File:Pelabuhan pammatata selayar.jpg
3.	Train Station	Rail passenger only station	public_transport	station
4.	Bus Station	A place for buses to arrived and departed	amenity	bus_station

Water Supply Systems


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value
1.	Fire Hydrants	An active fire protection measure, and a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire.	emergency	fire_hydrant
2.	Water Towers	An elevated storage container for drinking water.	man_made	water_tower
3.	Pumping Station	A station that manage and deliver water from river/land	man_made	watermill

Electrical Power Systems


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value
1.	Generators	A device used to convert power from one form to another.	power	generator
2.	Tower	tower that used to support an overhead power line.	power	tower
3.	Substations	a large facilities (up to several acres) for very high voltage transmission lines or just small buildings or kiosks near the street for low voltage distribution lines.	power	substation
4.	Power Plant	A place/industrial facility where power is generated.	power	plant

Fuel Storage


No.	Object Name	Object Type	Description	Key	Value	OSM Rendering	Sample Picture
1.	Gas Station		Petrol station; gas station; marine fuel; …	amenity	fuel

Public Institution


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value	Sample Picture
1.	Kindergarten	Place for kids to learn (5-6 years old)	amenity	kindergarten
2.	Sekolah Dasar (SD) / Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI)	Elementary School	amenity school:type_idn	school sd
3.	Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) / Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs)	Junior High School	amenity school:type_idn	school smp	File:Gerbang depan smpn 1 depok.jpg
4.	Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) / Madrasah Aliyah (MA)	Senior High School	amenity school:type_idn	school sma
5.	College	A place for further education, usually a post-secondary education institution	amenity	college	File:Sekolah Tinggi Teknik PLN.jpeg
6.	University	An educational institution designed for instruction, examination, or both, of students in many branches of advanced learning.	amenity	university
7.	Mosque / Mushala	Place of worship for moslem	amenity religion	place_of_worship muslim	File:Mosque-al-markaz-al-islami-makassar-indonesia-6.jpg
8.	Church / Capel	Place of worship for christian	amenity religion	place_of_worship christian	File:Gereja.png
9.	Hindu Temple	Place of worship for hindu	amenity religion	place_of_worship hindu
10.	Buddhist Temple	Place of worship for buddhist	amenity religion	place_of_worship buddhist
11.	Supermarket	A large store for groceries and other goods.	shop	supermarket
12.	Pasar	A place where trade is regulated and traditionally, e.g. a square.	amenity	marketplace

Sport Facilities


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value
1.	Stadion	A building which was built as stadium. Mostly for sport activities and big events	leisure	stadium
2.	Sports Centre	TA distinct facility where a range of sports take place within an enclosed area.	leisure	sports_centre
3.	Pitch	An area designed for playing a particular sport, normally designated with appropriate markings.	leisure	pitch

Health Facilities


No.	Object Name	Object Type	Description	Key	Value	OSM Rendering	Sample Picture
1.	Clinic		A medium-sized medical facility or health centre.	amenity	clinic
3.	Hospital		institutions for health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment, and typically providing nursing care for longer-term patient stays.	amenity	hospital

Emergency Services


No.	Object Name	Object Type	Description	Key	Value	OSM Rendering	Sample Picture
1.	Police Station		A station from which the police operates.	amenity	police
2.	Fire Station		A station from which the fire brigade operates.	amenity	fire_station

Government Establishment


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value	Sample Picture
1.	Kantor RW	Community Group Office	office admin_level	government 9	File:Kantor rw.png
2.	Kantor Desa/Kelurahan	Village Government Office	office admin_level	government 7	File:Kantor-desa-Jenggawah-Jember.jpeg.jpeg
3.	Kantor Kecamatan	Subdistrict Government Office	office admin_level	government 6
4.	Kantor Bupati/Walikota	District Government Office	office admin_level	government 5	File:Kantor Bupati Malang Kepanjen.jpg
5.	Kantor Gubernur	Province Government Office	office admin_level	government 4	File:800px-Kangubsumbar.jpg
6.	Government Office	An office of a (supra)national, regional or local government agency or department	office	government
7.	Kedutaan Besar	A representation of a country in another country.	amenity	embassy

Required Key and Value for Any Building Objects for Critical Facilities

No.	Information	Key	Value	Description
1.	Building Type	building	User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building.	For example our object is school then we can add tag building=school. For further information please see here
2.	Building levels	building:levels	User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building.	For example our object has 3 floors then we can add tag building:levels=3. For further information please see here
3.	Building Structure	building:structure	reinforced_masonry unreinforce_masonry platered confined_masonry brick wood	the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information about the building structure. For example, the building has reinforced masonry structure then we can add tag building:structure=reinforced_masonry to the building. For more information please click here
4.	Building Addresss	addr:full	User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building.	For example, our building located at Jalan MH.Thamrin then we can add tag addr=Jalan M.H Thamrin to the building. For more information please see here
5.	Building's Name	name	User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building.	For example our building name Kafe Enak then we can add tag name=Kafe Enak to the building. For more information please see here
6.	Building Wall	building:walls	brick wood bamboo tin	Determined by what wall that the building has. For example the building builded with brick wall so we can add tag building:walls=brick to the building. For more information please see here
7.	Building Roof	building:roof	tile tin asbestos concrete	Determined by what roof that the building has. For instance, the building has tile roff so we can add tag building:roof=tile to the building. For more information please see here
8.	Roof Access	access:roof	yes no	If the building has an access to the roof then we have to add tag access:roof=yes and vice versa. For more information please see here
9.	City	addr:city	Semarang Surabaya DKI Jakarta	A city where the infrastructure is located. For more information please see here
10.	Source	source	HOT_InAWARESurvey_2016 HOT_InAWARESurvey_2017 HOT_InAWARESurvey_2018	A specific tag which indicated the objects has been surveyed by HOT Team and the year indicated when and where the objects being surveyed (2016 for Surabaya, 2017 for DKI Jakarta, and 2018 for Semarang). For more information please see here

Roads, Railway and Water Object

There are 12 categories of road that has been mapped (add and/or edit) in this project.

Motorway
Trunk
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Residental
Pedestrian
Path
Services
Living Street
Unclassified
Track


No.	Object Name	Description	Key	Value	Sample Picture
1.	Motorway	Free Way. Only for cars and it is paid road	highway	motorway
2.	Trunk	Roads that connected administrative area. It can be city level, regency level or province level.	highway	trunk
3.	Primary Road	Primary way in the mapping area.	highway	primary
4.	Secondary Road	Secondary way in the mapping area. Connected with primary way	highway	secondary
5.	Tertiary Road	Tertiary way in the mapping area. Connected with secondary way	highway	tertiary
6.	Residential	Ways that located in residential area	highway	residential
7.	Pedestrian	Ways for pedestrian. Any vehicles can not passing this way. Usually found in tourism area or shopping area	highway	pedestrian
8.	Path	Way that can only passing by motorcycle and by foot. It width around < 1.5 meter.	highway	path
9.	Service Way	Service way. Usually found in commercial building, mall and rest area.	highway	services	File:Jakarta7.JPG
10.	Living Street	Small way in residential area. it's width around 1.5 - 2 meter.	highway	living_street
11.	Railway	Path / way for train	railway	rail
12.	River	The linear flow of a river, in flow direction.	waterway	river
13.	Reservoir	an artificial lake is used to store water.	landuse	reservoir
14.	River Bank	A wide river as defined by its area.	waterway	riverbank

Additional Attribute Information about Roads, Railway and Water Object

If you draw an object as a line object, you should add some additional information regarding the list of information below:

No.	Information	Key	Value	Description
1.	Road Direction	oneway	yes (if the road is a one-way road) no (if the road is a two-way road)	Road direction information. If the road is a one-way road, user can give additional tag oneway=yes. For further information, see this link.
2.	Layer (Tingkatan)	layer	-5 to 5 The value 0 is the initial value for line/road layer. It means that the line/road object is right on the ground level. If the value is greater than 0, that means the object is above ground level. If the value is smaller than 0, that means the object is below ground level.	Layer information for line/road object. If the road is right above the ground level road, user can give additional tag layer=1 for the mapped road. If the road is right below the ground level road, user can give additional tag layer=-1 for the mapped road. For further information, see this link.
3.	Road Lane	lanes	User Defined: the value is defined by user based on the information of the mapped object.	Lane information for road object. A road can have two or more lanes. Usually each lane separated by a dashed white line. For example, the mapped road is a three-lane road, user can give additional tag lanes=3 for that road. For further information, see this link.
4.	Object Width	width	User Defined: the value is defined by user based on the information of the mapped object.	Width information for line/road object. This additional tag can be given to a road object or to another line object. For example, the width of the mapped road is 10 meters, user can give additional tag width=10 for that road. For further information, see this link.
5.	Line Surface	surface	asphalt (asphalt-surfaced road) concrete (concrete-surfaced road) metal (metal-surfaced road, usually found on a bridge) wood (wood surfaced road) grass (grass-surfaced road) ground (ground-surfaced road) gravel (gravel-surfaced road) mud (mud-surfaced road) sand (sand-surfaced road)	Line surface information for the line/road object. For example, the mapped road has an asphalt surface, user can give additional tag surface=asphalt for that road. For further information, see this link.
6.	Road Condition	smoothness	excellent (the road condition is excellent and very smooth; there's no hole, usually found on a race track) good (the road condition is good and smooth; usually found on a free way or motorway) intermediate (the road condition is quite good, some small potholes here and there; usually found on main road) bad (the road condition is bad; numerous potholes here and there, endangering the road user) very bad (the road condition is very bad, jagged and harsh; the road surface is a mixture of soil and gravel) horrible (the road condition is horrible, impassable by typical city car, passable by semi off-road car; the road surface is a mixture of sand and rubble stone) very horrible (the road condition is very horrible, impassable by small vehicles and passable by heavy vehicles (tractor), ATV and off-road vehicles; the road surface is a mixture of mud, gravel, sand and rubble stone) impassable (the road is impassable by any vehicles)	Road condition describes the smoothness of the road and the type of vehicles that can pass the road without any damage. For example, the mapped road is in a quite good condition with some small potholes that usually found on main road, user can give additional tag smoothness=intermediate for that road. For further information, see this link.
7.	City	addr:city	Semarang Surabaya DKI Jakarta	A city where the infrastructure is located. For more information please see here
8.	Source	source	HOT_InAWARESurvey_2016 HOT_InAWARESurvey_2017 HOT_InAWARESurvey_2018	A specific tag which indicated the objects has been surveyed by HOT Team and the year indicated when and where the objects being surveyed (2016 for Surabaya, 2017 for DKI Jakarta, and 2018 for Semarang). For more information please see here

Mapping Results

All the data and information that collected in the activities was uploaded into OpenStreetMap. The data also generated into the InAWARE platform, InAWARE limits their platform access to practitioners / disaster management experts and humanitarian workers such as BNPB, BPBD, and institutions that work with BNPB / BPBD. This is intended to maintain and priority access to critical information and protected data during emergencies and disasters.

For more details about the mapping results, we can visit the link https://openstreetmap.id/en/data-dki-jakarta/, https://openstreetmap.id/en/data-surabaya/, https://openstreetmap.id/en/data-semarang/

Atlas DKI Jakarta, with the link below:

Statistics of Mapping Result

Statistics of Mapping activities of the project from 2016 to 2018 in 3 pilot cities can be seen in picture below:

Information

Email: perkumpulan@openstreetmap.id

Video documentation about the projects: https://www.youtube.com/@OpenStreetMapIndonesia

HOT - PDC InAWARE Indonesia Mapping Project