HOT - PDC InAWARE Indonesia Mapping Project

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About the Project

This program is a joint venture with the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC), Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Becana (BNPB), PetaBencana.id , and Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) Indonesia (Currently Perkumpulan OpenStreetMap Indonesia) to support disaster management tools and data for Indonesia.

This project has been mapped in 3 cities in Indonesia. The first city was Surabaya (October 2016 - February 2017), the second city was DKI Jakarta (March - November 2017), and the third city was Semarang (February - July 2018). These mapping activities were done by the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) Indonesia with cooperation and support from the local government such as city government and local disaster management agency (BPBD). The BPBD supported the regulation and permission letter to collect the data in the field. Then the local university has supported to digitize the buildings and roads through Mapathon activity. After the projects the local partners continued the project sustainability, we trained them about how to update and use the OSM data by ToT training.

In each city we have collaboration with the local university and BPBD:

  • Surabaya: BPBD Jawa Timur and Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS)
  • DKI Jakarta: BPBD DKI Jakarta and University of Indonesia
  • Semarang: BPBD Semarang and Jendral Soedirman University

The aim of this project is to complete and provide spatial open data for public so it can be used for any disaster management sector by National Government (BNPB) and Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD).

Activities

1. Planning and Preparation

  • Assessment with existing data in OpenStreetMap and the local government such as boundary administrative as a initial map and information for the mapping and survey activity.
  • Created the data model for the infrastructures mapped that related with disaster preparedness
  • Developed OpenMapKit and ODK Collect for mobile data collection
  • Created the survey village maps with admin boundary and basemap OSM, satellite imagery
  • Kick off and meeting with BPBD and university
  • Recruitment the data entry and quality assurance staff

2. Capacity Building with the BPBD and university

We conducted the training and mapathon with tasking manager to complete initial data in the field such as building footprints and roads. This activity has been done through Mapathon with students from the local university.

3. Field Data Collection

Field Survey to collect all information of buildings, roads and critical infrastructures. This activity was also involved discussion with village representatives to determine and update administration boundary such as sub-villlage and village boundary.

4. Quality Data & Analysis Data

Ensure the quality of the data was essential activities in the project, we have dedicated team to improve and validate the data from the surveyor, volunteer, and data entry. After the activity, we downloaded the data to analysis dan create thematic maps. We have printed all maps related to survey and mapping activities. These maps are villages maps of city project, infrastructures map and thematic maps for local disaster management agency (BPBD).

5. Distribute the maps and Create the Atlas

We distributed the all infrastructures maps for the village offices and hazard maps for BPBD. The atlas was represented the thematic maps and all the villages maps.

6. Training of Trainer for Project Sustainability

Conducted the trainings and workshops to share knowledge about this project and all related material on it to local disaster management agency (BPBD) and the local university in each city. The training material was provided on the PDC documentation toolbox web that people can be accessible. After the project we created the video documentation for learning and sharing with the wide community.

Mapping Team Structure

The project has 2 different mapping team structures. Surabaya and Semarang have a smaller size than DKI Jakarta, therefore, the number of team members was different as well. For Surabaya and Semarang, we had 22 mapping team member that divided into 2 mapping supervisor, 4 Quality Data Assurance and 16 Spatial Data Entry. The mapping team divided into small groups where each group only consist of 2 Spatial Data Entry and each Quality Data Assurance being responsible to maintain data survey quality from 2 small groups or 4 spatial Data Entry. For each Mapping Supervisor, they had to supervised 2 Quality Data Assurance and maintain their team works including Spatial Data Entry. The team structure can be seen like this:

Mapping Team Structure in Surabaya

DKI Jakarta had a larger number of mapping team member because of its size almost two times bigger than Surabaya with 6 Kotamadya/City, 44 subdistricts, and 267 villages (kelurahan). Therefore, we added 1 Quality Data Assurance and 4 Spatial Data Entry so the total number of the mapping team member in DKI Jakarta was 27 people. They were divided into 2 mapping supervisor, 5 Quality Data Assurance and 20 Spatial Data Entry. In general, each position has a similar responsibility with Surabaya Project. The team structure can be seen as the picture below:

Mapping Team Structure in Jakarta

Mapping Tools and Methodology

Generally, There are 3 mapping steps in this project.

  1. Data Assessment and Data Model
  2. Digitize
  3. Field Survey

First step is the data assessment with the local government to identify the potential exposure data that used for disaster management. We created the data model for the specification and capture the enrich of the data and information.

Second step is digitize all building footprint and highway using HOT Tasking Manager. The purpose was to complete all the object before field survey and can be easily edit using OpenMapKit The project was given a high resolution satellite imagery by US GeoCenter so all digitizion result based on good and update satellite imagery.

Satelit.JPG


Third step is Field Survey using OpenDataKit (ODK) Collect and OpenMapKit as a GPS and Printed Survey Form replacement. The team go to the field using motorcycle and survey all infrastructures in their area as well as asking village office representative to update the administration boundary. The process for field survey can be seen in picture below:

SurveyPDC.JPG

Mapping Timeline

As have been mentioned above, Surabaya, Semarang and DKI Jakarta have different area size. Therefore, it determines how long the mapping activity going. Surabaya with a smaller area than the others area took around 5 months for its field survey area to be completed with the total duration was 6 months. The picture below shows Surabaya Mapping Timeline:

Sby timeline.JPG


Semarang took a bit longer than Surabaya to be completed. Some factors contribute to this such as area size, city's landscape, and national public holiday for almost 2 weeks. The Semarang mapping activity takes 6 months to be finished. The picture below shows Semarang mapping Timeline:

Semarang timeline eng.JPG


The longest city to being surveyed was Jakarta with approximately around 7 months to be completed. There were some factors contributed to the duration such as heavy traffic jam, weather, and size of the survey area. The picture below shows a mapping schedule for the city of Jakarta:

Jkt timeline.JPG

Mapping Objects

Administrative Boundary

There are 4 administrative boundary that has been mapped (add and/or update) during this project.

  1. City/Regency Boundary
  2. Municipality Boundary
  3. Village Boundary
  4. Community Group (RW) Boundary
No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering
1. City/Regency Boundary way A Boundary for City/Regency areas admin_level 5
Rendering-adminlevel 5-mapnik.png
2. Municipality Boundary way A boundary for Municipality areas admin_level 6
Rendering-adminlevel 6-mapnik.png
3. Village Boundary way A boundary for Village areas admin_level 7
Rendering-adminlevel 7-mapnik.png
4. Sub Village Boundary way A boundary for Community Group areas admin_level 9
Rendering-adminlevel 9-mapnik.png
5. Sub Sub Village Boundary way A boundary for sub sub villages areas. In Indonesia, it called Rukun Tetangga (RT) and the lowest level of administration boundary in Indonesia. HOT mapped and update some of RT Boundaries only in DKI Jakarta based on request from Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) DKI Jakarta. admin_level 10
Rendering-adminlevel 9-mapnik.png

This is sample of how the administration boundary has been drawn in survey map and rendered into OpenStreetMap.

Boundary map.jpeg

Critical Facilities

There are 11 critical facilities that become priority objects for PDC-InaWARE Indonesia Project:

  1. Finance
  2. Communication
  3. Transportation
  4. Water Supply System
  5. Electrical Power System
  6. Fuel Storage
  7. Public Institution
  8. Sport Facilities
  9. Health Facilities
  10. Emergency Services
  11. Government Establishments

Finance

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Bank node area A place that provides financial services for people, such as money deposit, money saving and credit for financial services. amenity bank
Bank-16.svg
Bank Indonesia Lama Padang atas.JPG

Communication

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Communication Tower node Tower to provide and deliver communication signal man_made communications_tower
Communication Tower - Nishapur.JPG

Transportation

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Airports node area A place for planes to arrived and departed aeroway aerodrome
Aerodrome.svg
KualaNamuTerminal.jpg
2. Ferry Terminal node area A place for ships to arrived and departed amenity ferry_terminal
3. Train Station node area Rail passenger only station public_transport station
Stasiun Tugu.JPG
4. Bus Station node area A place for buses to arrived and departed amenity bus_station
Amenity bus station.svg
Giwangan.jpg

Water Supply Systems

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Fire Hydrants node area An active fire protection measure, and a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire. emergency fire_hydrant
Downtown Charlottesville fire hydrant.jpg
2. Water Towers node An elevated storage container for drinking water. man_made water_tower
Water-tower-16.svg
Yosowilangun sta 130807-2521 lmj.JPG
3. Pumping Station node area A station that manage and deliver water from river/land man_made watermill
Rumah pompa.png

Electrical Power Systems

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Generators node A device used to convert power from one form to another. power generator
Eoliennes Gaspesie.jpg
2. Tower node tower that used to support an overhead power line. power tower
Power-tower mapnik.png
Electricity Pylon-Tower at Norden Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1601275.jpg
3. Substations node area a large facilities (up to several acres) for very high voltage transmission lines or just small buildings or kiosks near the street for low voltage distribution lines. power substation
Area power.png
Daventry, entrance to substation - geograph.org.uk - 1751032.jpg
4. Power Plant node A place/industrial facility where power is generated. power plant
Huntly Power Station.JPG

Fuel Storage

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Gas Station node Petrol station; gas station; marine fuel; … amenity fuel
Fuel-16.svg
Pertamina filling station, Bali, Indonesia.jpg

Public Institution

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Kindergarten node area Place for kids to learn (5-6 years old) amenity kindergarten Rendering-area-amenity-school.png
2. Sekolah Dasar (SD) / Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) node area Elementary School Rendering-area-amenity-school.png
3. Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) / Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) node area Junior High School Rendering-area-amenity-school.png
4. Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) / Madrasah Aliyah (MA) node area Senior High School Rendering-area-amenity-school.png
SMUN 54 Jakarta.jpg
5. College node area A place for further education, usually a post-secondary education institution amenity college Rendering-area-amenity-school.png
6. University node area An educational institution designed for instruction, examination, or both, of students in many branches of advanced learning. amenity university Rendering-area-amenity-school.png
Universidad Indonesia Edificio Administrativo.JPG
7. Mosque / Mushala node area Place of worship for moslem
Muslim-16.svg
8. Church / Capel node area Place of worship for christian
Christian-16.svg
9. Hindu Temple node area Place of worship for hindu
Hinduist-16.svg
Pura Bratan Bali.jpg
10. Buddhist Temple node area Place of worship for buddhist
Buddhist-16.svg
Vihara Duta Prabha Banjarmasin.JPG
11. Supermarket node area A large store for groceries and other goods. shop supermarket
Supermarket-14.svg
Carrefour at Faa'a French Polynesia.JPG
12. Pasar node area A place where trade is regulated and traditionally, e.g. a square. amenity marketplace
Wet market in Singapore 2.jpg

Sport Facilities

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Stadion area A building which was built as stadium. Mostly for sport activities and big events leisure stadium
Rendering-area-leisure-sports centre.png
Stadion Agus Salim.jpg
2. Sports Centre node area TA distinct facility where a range of sports take place within an enclosed area. leisure sports_centre
Rendering-area-leisure-sports centre.png
Jakabaring Aquatic Center, SEA Games 2011 Palembang 1.jpg
3. Pitch node area An area designed for playing a particular sport, normally designated with appropriate markings. leisure pitch
Rendering-area-leisure-sports centre.png
Bogor Agricultural University Sports Field.jpg

Health Facilities

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Clinic node area A medium-sized medical facility or health centre. amenity clinic
Puskesmas Sungai Mariam, Kutai Kartanegara.jpg
3. Hospital node area institutions for health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment, and typically providing nursing care for longer-term patient stays. amenity hospital
Hospital-14.svg
Awal Bros Hospital at Batam Island, Indonesia.JPG

Emergency Services

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Police Station node area A station from which the police operates. amenity police
Police-16.svg
Polsek Majalengka.jpg
2. Fire Station node area A station from which the fire brigade operates. amenity fire_station
Fire-station-16.svg
Pemadam kebakaran Sampit.JPG

Government Establishment

No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Kantor RW node area Community Group Office
2. Kantor Desa/Kelurahan node area Village Government Office
3. Kantor Kecamatan node area Subdistrict Government Office
Kantor Kecamatan lasem.jpg
4. Kantor Bupati/Walikota node area District Government Office
5. Kantor Gubernur node area Province Government Office
6. Government Office node area An office of a (supra)national, regional or local government agency or department office government
Gedung pusat bahasa.JPG
7. Kedutaan Besar node area A representation of a country in another country. amenity embassy
Embassy-16.svg
Australias indonesian embassy.jpg

Required Key and Value for Any Building Objects for Critical Facilities

No. Information Key Value Description
1. Building Type building User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building. For example our object is school then we can add tag building=school. For further information please see here
2. Building levels building:levels User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building. For example our object has 3 floors then we can add tag building:levels=3. For further information please see here
3. Building Structure building:structure
  • reinforced_masonry
  • unreinforce_masonry
  • platered
  • confined_masonry
  • brick
  • wood
the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information about the building structure. For example, the building has reinforced masonry structure then we can add tag building:structure=reinforced_masonry to the building. For more information please click here
4. Building Addresss addr:full User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building. For example, our building located at Jalan MH.Thamrin then we can add tag addr=Jalan M.H Thamrin to the building. For more information please see here
5. Building's Name name User Defined meaning that the value is determined by the user in accordance with the information of the building. For example our building name Kafe Enak then we can add tag name=Kafe Enak to the building. For more information please see here
6. Building Wall building:walls
  • brick
  • wood
  • bamboo
  • tin
Determined by what wall that the building has. For example the building builded with brick wall so we can add tag building:walls=brick to the building. For more information please see here
7. Building Roof building:roof
  • tile
  • tin
  • asbestos
  • concrete
Determined by what roof that the building has. For instance, the building has tile roff so we can add tag building:roof=tile to the building. For more information please see here
8. Roof Access access:roof
  • yes
  • no
If the building has an access to the roof then we have to add tag access:roof=yes and vice versa. For more information please see here
9. City addr:city
  • Semarang
  • Surabaya
  • DKI Jakarta
A city where the infrastructure is located. For more information please see here
10. Source source
  • HOT_InAWARESurvey_2016
  • HOT_InAWARESurvey_2017
  • HOT_InAWARESurvey_2018
A specific tag which indicated the objects has been surveyed by HOT Team and the year indicated when and where the objects being surveyed (2016 for Surabaya, 2017 for DKI Jakarta, and 2018 for Semarang). For more information please see here

Roads, Railway and Water Object

There are 12 categories of road that has been mapped (add and/or edit) in this project.

  1. Motorway
  2. Trunk
  3. Primary
  4. Secondary
  5. Tertiary
  6. Residental
  7. Pedestrian
  8. Path
  9. Services
  10. Living Street
  11. Unclassified
  12. Track
No. Object Name Object Type Description Key Value OSM Rendering Sample Picture
1. Motorway way Free Way. Only for cars and it is paid road highway motorway
Rendering-highway motorway neutral.png
Rambuppj.jpg
2. Trunk way Roads that connected administrative area. It can be city level, regency level or province level. highway trunk
Rendering-highway trunk L3005 MF.png
Pantura birdeye view.jpg
3. Primary Road way Primary way in the mapping area. highway primary
Rendering-highway primary neutral.png
Thamrin Road 01.jpg
4. Secondary Road way Secondary way in the mapping area. Connected with primary way highway secondary
Rendering-highway secondary neutral.png
Meyenburg-L134.jpg
5. Tertiary Road way Tertiary way in the mapping area. Connected with secondary way highway tertiary
Rendering-highway tertiary neutral.png
Jalan Jaksa.jpg
6. Residential way Ways that located in residential area highway residential
Rendering-highway residential.png
Jalan di Muara Muntai - Ezagren.JPG
7. Pedestrian way Ways for pedestrian. Any vehicles can not passing this way. Usually found in tourism area or shopping area highway pedestrian
Pedestrian with area osm.png
Jakarta Indonesia Post-office-at-Fatahillah-Square-01.jpg
8. Path way Way that can only passing by motorcycle and by foot. It width around < 1.5 meter. highway path
Path osm.png
Raised footway at the end of Marsh Lane - geograph.org.uk - 50345.jpg
9. Service Way way Service way. Usually found in commercial building, mall and rest area. highway services centerr
10. Living Street way Small way in residential area. it's width around 1.5 - 2 meter. highway living_street
centerr
Spielstrasse.jpg
11. Railway way Path / way for train railway rail
Mapping-Features-Railroad-With-Station.png
Semboyan 2A1 09-2015.jpg
12. River way The linear flow of a river, in flow direction. waterway river
Rendering-river.png
Sungai Pela - Ezagren.JPG
13. Reservoir area an artificial lake is used to store water. landuse reservoir
Landuse-reservoir.png
Waduk RiaRio After Jokowi - Hariadhi.jpg
14. River Bank area A wide river as defined by its area. waterway riverbank
Rendering-waterway-riverbank.png
Ciliwung 090419-0298 pg.jpg

Additional Attribute Information about Roads, Railway and Water Object

If you draw an object as a line object, you should add some additional information regarding the list of information below:

No. Information Key Value Description
1. Road Direction oneway
  • yes (if the road is a one-way road)
  • no (if the road is a two-way road)
Road direction information. If the road is a one-way road, user can give additional tag oneway=yes. For further information, see this link.
2. Layer (Tingkatan) layer
  • -5 to 5
  • The value 0 is the initial value for line/road layer. It means that the line/road object is right on the ground level. If the value is greater than 0, that means the object is above ground level. If the value is smaller than 0, that means the object is below ground level.
Layer information for line/road object. If the road is right above the ground level road, user can give additional tag layer=1 for the mapped road. If the road is right below the ground level road, user can give additional tag layer=-1 for the mapped road. For further information, see this link.
3. Road Lane lanes User Defined: the value is defined by user based on the information of the mapped object. Lane information for road object. A road can have two or more lanes. Usually each lane separated by a dashed white line. For example, the mapped road is a three-lane road, user can give additional tag lanes=3 for that road. For further information, see this link.
4. Object Width width User Defined: the value is defined by user based on the information of the mapped object. Width information for line/road object. This additional tag can be given to a road object or to another line object. For example, the width of the mapped road is 10 meters, user can give additional tag width=10 for that road. For further information, see this link.
5. Line Surface surface
  • asphalt (asphalt-surfaced road)
  • concrete (concrete-surfaced road)
  • metal (metal-surfaced road, usually found on a bridge)
  • wood (wood surfaced road)
  • grass (grass-surfaced road)
  • ground (ground-surfaced road)
  • gravel (gravel-surfaced road)
  • mud (mud-surfaced road)
  • sand (sand-surfaced road)
Line surface information for the line/road object. For example, the mapped road has an asphalt surface, user can give additional tag surface=asphalt for that road. For further information, see this link.
6. Road Condition smoothness
  • excellent (the road condition is excellent and very smooth; there's no hole, usually found on a race track)
  • good (the road condition is good and smooth; usually found on a free way or motorway)
  • intermediate (the road condition is quite good, some small potholes here and there; usually found on main road)
  • bad (the road condition is bad; numerous potholes here and there, endangering the road user)
  • very bad (the road condition is very bad, jagged and harsh; the road surface is a mixture of soil and gravel)
  • horrible (the road condition is horrible, impassable by typical city car, passable by semi off-road car; the road surface is a mixture of sand and rubble stone)
  • very horrible (the road condition is very horrible, impassable by small vehicles and passable by heavy vehicles (tractor), ATV and off-road vehicles; the road surface is a mixture of mud, gravel, sand and rubble stone)
  • impassable (the road is impassable by any vehicles)
Road condition describes the smoothness of the road and the type of vehicles that can pass the road without any damage. For example, the mapped road is in a quite good condition with some small potholes that usually found on main road, user can give additional tag smoothness=intermediate for that road. For further information, see this link.
7. City addr:city
  • Semarang
  • Surabaya
  • DKI Jakarta
A city where the infrastructure is located. For more information please see here
8. Source source
  • HOT_InAWARESurvey_2016
  • HOT_InAWARESurvey_2017
  • HOT_InAWARESurvey_2018
A specific tag which indicated the objects has been surveyed by HOT Team and the year indicated when and where the objects being surveyed (2016 for Surabaya, 2017 for DKI Jakarta, and 2018 for Semarang). For more information please see here

Mapping Results

All the data and information that collected in the activities was uploaded into OpenStreetMap. The data also generated into the InAWARE platform, InAWARE limits their platform access to practitioners / disaster management experts and humanitarian workers such as BNPB, BPBD, and institutions that work with BNPB / BPBD. This is intended to maintain and priority access to critical information and protected data during emergencies and disasters.

For more details about the mapping results, we can visit the link https://openstreetmap.id/en/data-dki-jakarta/, https://openstreetmap.id/en/data-surabaya/, https://openstreetmap.id/en/data-semarang/

1.Final Data Shared

2. Atlas DKI Jakarta

Statistics of Mapping Result

Statistics of Mapping activities of the project from 2016 to 2018 in 3 pilot cities can be seen in picture below:

Mapping statistics.jpeg

Information

Email: perkumpulan@openstreetmap.id

Video documentation about the projects: https://www.youtube.com/@OpenStreetMapIndonesia