User:AlephNull/en:education proposal

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en:education proposal
Proposal status: Draft (under way)
Proposed by: AlephNull
Tagging: education=*
Applies to: node, area, relation
Definition: A unified scheme for tagging various educational institutions, including kindergartens, schools, and universities.
Statistics:

Draft started: 2021-01-22

Proposal

Proposed is a reorganization of education features under the key education=*. Additionally, methods for refining educational institutions are proposed, complementing existing tagging practices.

Education is sliding scale:

educating young children means supervision, care, guided development.

for adults pursuing a doctoral degree it means mentoring, research, collaboration, and self-study.



Since this is a long proposal that affects some commonly-used tags, an extended RFC period is scheduled.

Rationale and goals

TODO: amenity=kindergarten is insufficient/ambiguous.

Educational institutions currently live under the amenity=* namespace. As mentioned in previous proposals and numerous comments, it may be desirable to make amenity=* a bit less crowded. In particular, elements tagged with education=* can be interpreted to imply landuse=education and rendered accordingly by data-consumers. This yields a much more graceful fallback for custom values of education=* compared to amenity=* (which could essentially be anything).

Unlike some previous proposals, already prevalent tags are used where possible and education=* tags are designed for a transition period with dual tagging.


TODO: there is currently no systematic way to tag institutions that are spread over multiple campuses and institutions that share the same campus. This is important even for rudimentary tagging.

TODO: There is currently no systematic way to tag restrictions of educational institutions. This proposal adds catchment=*, selective_admission=*, blind=*, and more to complement keys such as wheelchair=*, female=*, male=*, and fee=*.

It should be possible to tag something with a reasonable level of granularity using just a few tags. This justifies tags such as education=music_school and education=driving_school. These match the granularity of previously established tags. education=school would locally also deserve to be split, but the primary/secondary split is not universal.

The tagging scheme(s) should be flexible enough to be adapted to regional needs.

Related proposals, drafts, and discussions

Core tags

education=after_school, after_school=yes

For stand-alone institutions that offer [W] after-school activities. In German this is called a [W] Hort (de). Should only be used for institutions that care for children already in school. Use the more general education=childcare otherwise. Use after_school=yes instead when after-school activities are part of a larger educational institution such as education=childcare or education=school. May be refined with opening_hours=* or opening_hours:after_school=*, respectively.

education=childcare

education=cram_school

education=kindergarten/amenity=kindergarten

education=kindergarten is a special case of education=childcare, typically excluding both children under the age of 3 and children in school. The meaning varies between regions. This tag serves two purposes: (1) it offers an upgrade path for amenity=kindergarten to education=*; and (2) this tag might be useful for imports. When more detail is known (most importantly min_age=* and max_age=*), education=childcare should be used instead.

education=language_school

education=music_school, music_school=yes

education=night_school

A night school is a school that holds classes during the evening, so that working people can attend. Generally only allows adults to enrol. Such schools also typically assume that their students have undergone some amount of schooling previously and start at upper grades. Sometimes a night school is part of another institution (for example a college), in which case this can be indicated by tagging the institution with night_school=yes.

education=school

education=university

Tags to avoid

education=academy

This term is too generic and is not always used for educational institutions, see for instance [W] Académie Française.

education=college

Ambiguous.

education=prep_school

The word prep school ambiguous, referring either to a private school or a school that helps students prepare for important exams. The former can be mapped as education=school + operator:type=private (+ fee=yes), the latter as education=cram_school.

Further tags

after_school=*

after_school=yes indicates that an institution (usually education=childcare or education=school) also offers [W] after-school activities. May be refined with opening_hours=* or opening_hours:after_school=* .

blind=*, deaf=*, disabled=*, inclusive=*, learning_disabled=*, speech_impediment=*, wheelchair=*

These tags can be used to indicate whether an institution offers accessible instruction and can accommodate students with certain disabilities. The default value is no. If one of blind=*/deaf=*/disabled=*/learning_disabled=*/speech_impediment=* is used with a value other than no, the assumption is that the institution is specialized towards accommodating students with the listed disabilities. If the school is open to all (regardless of disabilities), use inclusive=yes to indicate this. Note that wheelchair=* does not require inclusive=yes. You can also use inclusive=yes when you only have limited knowledge about an institution, indicating that the institution also accommodates students with disabilities in some form. This should then later be supplemented with more specific tags.

Use disability descriptions where applicable.

Suggestions for alternative/additional key names or a different splitting are welcome!

boarding=yes/no/some/only

For boarding schools where students live on the school grounds. Default is no and boarding=* has no implications for operator:type=* and fee=*. An explicit boarding=no should only be added when it might be unexpected, e.g. when the name includes a word meaning “boarding school” (perhaps for historical reasons).

Halls of residence may be mapped as building=student_accommodation or building:part=student_accommodation.

See also Proposed features/Student accommodation building and Proposed features/amenity=student accommodation .

capacity=*, capacity:after_school=*, capacity:childcare=*

Some institutions have a fixed number of students that they teach/care for. This is particularly common for education=childcare and education=after_school. If multiple forms of education take place at the same institution, then use the namespaced versions. For example, a school might not have a fixed capacity, but could have one for its after_school.

Institutions such as large universities typically have no fixed capacity. Do not use capacity=* to indicate the total number of students of such institutions. Instead, you may want to use enrolment=* (British spelling but with North-American meaning) to indicate this number. However, enrolment=* is not a formal part of the proposal, since such information may be difficult to verify and can vary over time. It may be better to use Wikidata for such information.

catchment=yes/no

catchment=yes indicates that only students from a specific geographic area (the [W] Catchment area) can be enrolled. Future proposals could address how to map catchment areas in detail. See also this proposal.

certificate=*, license_classes=*

For driving_schools issuing a [W] European driving licence, the license class can be indicated as license_classes=list of classes. For example, a typical driving school might have license_classes=AM;A1;A2;A;B;BE.


Some values for education=language_school
toefl See [W] Test of English as a Foreign Language.

coed=*, female=*, male=*

female=* and male=* indicate that an institution primarily educates female and male students, respectively.

By default, an educational institution should be assumed to have no restrictions on gender and to be coeducational. In cases where coeducation may be surprising (for example [W] Women's University in Africa is coeducational), add coed=yes to explicitly indicate coeducation. Using coed=* avoids the potential ambiguities of unisex=*.

Gender-segregated instruction can be indicated coed=no.

These keys make no claims about the staff. Similarly, they have no effect on amenity=toilets located on the premises (since staff might use those also).


The tags MOE:gender=coed/girls/boys should be upgraded to coed=yes, female=yes, and male=yes, respectively.


fee=yes/no/donation/materials

Fees for educational institutions can be indicated with fee=yes/no.

For Germany, do not tag public universities with fee=*, since the situation is complicated and fees can be mostly predicted by looking at the address of the university (since fees are determined by state law). The Semesterbeitrag (de) is not sufficiently different between universities to warrant detailed tagging and can vary between semesters. Instead make sure that these universities are tagged as public.

Some institutions only have fees for materials used for instructions. This may be indicated with fee=materials.

isced:level=*, isced:1997:level=*, isced:2011:level=*, education:level=*

isced:level=* is a well-established key for indicating education levels according to the [W] International Standard Classification of Education. The 2011 version of this classification introduced additional levels, so this tag should be namespaced to disambiguate the version of the classification. This proposal recommends using isced:1997:level=* and isced:2011:level=*, respectively. Currently there are over 180000 uses of isced:level=*, which data consumers may interpret as isced:1997:level=*. There are less than 50 isced:level:2011=* that would need to be retagged. Placing the year directly after isced makes the meaning a bit more obvious. All new manual mapping should use the most recent version of isced. Old versions of isced may be useful for imports.


isced:2011:level=* is not fine enough for some distinctions. For instance, in Germany there is a significant difference between Hauptschule and Realschule, but both are isced:2011:level=2 (or 244 to be precise). This particular distinction can be captured using diploma=*. ISCED also does not reach into quaternary education. Another problem is that the purely numeric values of isced:2011:level=* are not immediately human-readable. To solve this, a future proposal could introduce education:level=* with human-readable values. Here is a rough sketch comparing them with isced:2011:level=*.

Some possible values for education:level=*
pre_primary 0 Should be refined with min_age=* and max_age=*.
basic 1;2 For regions such as [W] Estonia without a separation between 1 and 2.
primary 1
secondary 2;3
lower_secondary, middle_secondary 2
lower_vocational 2
upper_vocational 3 For institutions such as [W] kutsekool (et) () or [W] Fachoberschule.
upper_secondary 3
post_secondary 4
tertiary 5;6;7;8
lower_tertiary 5;6;7 Not including doctoral.
short_cycle_tertiary 5
bachelor 6
post_graduate 7;8;n/a See [W] postgraduate education.
master 7
upper_tertiary 8;n/a
doctoral 8
post_doctoral n/a See [W] habilitation.
quaternary n/a See for example [W] quartäre Bildung (de).

landuse=education, landuse=school

landuse=education indicates that the given area is used for educational purposes. May be omitted in cases where the area belongs to a unique educational institution. Thus education=* implies landuse=education. For instance, school grounds may just be tagged with education=school.

This tag is useful when multiple institutions share the same space. For example, a kindergarten and a school might share a playground and sports hall. In that case the overall premises can be tagged as landuse=education.

There are currently over 5800 uses (with some from mechanical edits or imports) of the undocumented landuse=school. Usage includes cases where there are also other types of institutions (such as kindergartens) on the premises. These should either be upgraded to education=school when there is only a school on the premises or to landuse=education when there are multiple institutions. See also this discussion about rendering landuse=school in Carto.

min_age=*, max_age=*, min_age=schooling, max_age=schooling

night_self_learning=yes/no/mandatory/optional

night_self_learning=* indicates whether an educational institution offers [W] night self-learning. Night self-learning is typically with less supervision and has different activities compared to after_school=*. May be refined with opening_hours=* or opening_hours:night_self_learning=*.

office=educational_institution

TODO


operator=*, operator:type=*, operator:type=integrated, MOE:authority=integrated

Some possible values for operator:type=*
community
integrated A [W] State-integrated school. Deprecates MOE:authority=integrated.
private
public
religious
volunteer Staffed by volunteers.

opening_hours=*, opening_hours:after_school=*, opening_hours:night_self_learning=*, opening_hours:office=*

opening_hours=* indicates when teaching/supervision takes place.

opening_hours:office=* indicates the opening hours of administrative offices and times for teacher-parent discussions.

The premises of an institutions may remain open outside of the teaching/supervision times. For example, a school might have a playground or pitch that can be used by the general public when school is finished for the day. This can be indicated by tagging that playground or pitch with separate access=* and opening_hours=* tags.

paradigm=*

paradigm=* describes a [W] paradigm (simple en) used by the educational institution. As for verifiability, paradigm=* should only be used for institution which describe themselves as subscribing to a paradigm (for instance by mentioning the paradigm in their (full) name, on signs, or on their website). paradigm=* mainly applies to education=childcare and education=school, where it can help parents in finding the right institution for their children. For example, some parents may only be interested in institutions with paradigm=waldorf. This information could also be used to create interesting maps, such as a timelapse of all schools subscribing to a paradigm by combining paradigm=* with education=school and start_date=*. As the potential numbers for paradigm=classical and paradigm=waldorf indicate (see table below), this key would apply to thousands of educational institutions.

Some possible values for paradigm=*
classical Teaches classical languages such as Latin, Ancient Greek, Ancient Hebrew, Sanskrit, or Old Chinese. Emphasis usually lies on the written language: students learn how to read, pronounce, and translate classical languages, but not necessarily how to speak them fluently. The precise meaning of this value may vary between regions. There is a page on the German Wikipedia that lists some examples. In Germany, this tag should be used for schools offering [W] altsprachlichen Unterricht (de).

Which languages are taught may be refined with separate tags.

dalton_plan See [W] Dalton Plan.
freinet See [W] pédagogie Freinet (fr).
froebel Based on the philosophy of [W] Friedrich Fröbel. See also [W] Fröbelpädagogik (de).
jena_plan

For [W] Jena plan schools.

monitorial Using the [W] monitorial system.
montessori See [W] Montessori education.
outdoors Combine with education=childcare for [W] forest kindergartens. Institutions with paradigm=outdoors commonly have Nature or Forest in their name. See also [W] outdoor education.
pestalozzi Based on the philosophy of [W] Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Schools and kindergartens with paradigm=pestalozzi commonly have Pestalozzi in their name, see for example this Nominatim search for Pestalozzischule.
reggio_emilia See [W] Reggio Emilia approach.
religious Use religion=* instead. If you do not know the religion, use religion=yes.
steiner Use paradigm=waldorf instead.
waldorf See [W] Waldorf education. Schools and kindergartens with paradigm=waldorf typically have Waldorf in their name. Using the numbers of the Wikipedia article there would be at least 3800 education=* features with paradigm=waldorf.

Further values may be adopted as needed, such as daean_hakgyo and seikatsu_tsuzurikata for [W] progressive education in Korea and Japan, respectively. Most institution have a unique paradigm, but exceptions can use semicolons to list the paradigms.

Previous proposals suggested pedagogy=* for this concept, but some paradigms are more general. For instance, paradigm=classical just expresses that classical languages are taught, but does not describe how they are taught.

There were comments on previous proposals mentioning that paradigm is a relatively advanced English word. However, many languages use essentially the same word for this concept and the Wikipedia article in Simple English linked above can also help explain the concept.

religion=*, denomination=*

This reflects current tagging practices for schools and kindergartens.

education:distance=yes/no/online/letter/radio/tv

Used to indicate [W] distance education.

Previous proposals suggested medium=*, but that clashes with the meaning of medium in [W] medium of instruction.

selective_admission=*

selective_admission indicates that an institution has academic entry requirements. Multiple requirements can be indicated with semicolons.

Some possible values for selective_admission=*
no Open to all.
yes Admission based (in some unspecified way) on academic performance.
audition Admission only after passing an audition. A version of exam specific to the arts.
exam Admission only after passing an entrance exam.
gpa Admission based on [W] grade point average.
interview Admission based on interviews.
recommendation Requires a [W] letter of recommendation.

start_date=*

start_date=* describes when the educational institute was founded (day of first instruction). Note that buildings or even the whole campus may have a different start_date=* (for example when an institution has moved or when new buildings are constructed).


teaches:*=yes/no/intermittent/main

Indicates what an educational institution teaches. Either an ISO code of a language or the name of a subject.

Values for teaches:*
no Should only be used when it is noteworthy that a subject is not being taught. For instance, a motorcycle-only driving school probably can use the tag teaches:car=no. Similarly, if a subject is typically part of the curriculum in local schools and is missing from the curriculum of a school, add an explicit no for that subject.

Do not tag every childcare with teaches:motorcycle=no.

yes
intermittent Teaches the subject, but not always during normal instruction times. For instance, some subjects are only taught every other semester or only during holidays.
main
Subkeys for education=driving_school
teaches:bicycle=* Teaches how to ride a bicycle.
teaches:car=* Teaches how to drive a car.
teaches:motorcycle=* Teaches how to ride a motorcycle.
Subkeys for education=language_school, education=school, and similar institutions
teaches:iso=* Teaches the language with ISO code iso.



Currently language schools use tags of the form language:iso=yes/no/main which would need to be migrated to teaches:iso=yes/no/main.

Then language:iso=* can be used for the [W] medium of instruction.

Combinations

For mapping other things on campuses...

amenity=library

amenity=toilets

amenity=parking

fast_food=cafeteria

leisure=pitch

leisure=playground

leisure=schoolyard

Regional considerations

Aotearoa (New Zealand)

The educational institution number should be tagged as ref:moe=*. State-integrated schools should be tagged as operator:type=integrated.


Australia

[W] Schools of the Air can be indicated with remote=*.

Canada

[W] Separate schools can be indicated with operator:type=public + religion=christian + denomination=catholic or protestant.

China

[W] Wǎnzìxí should be indicated with night_self_learning=*.


Denmark

Caption text
[W] Efterskole education=school + boarding=yes + TODO

France

Germany

How to tag a...
[W] Abendgymnasium (de) education=evening_school + diploma=abitur
[W] Abendhauptschule (de) education=evening_school + diploma=berufsreife
[W] Abendrealschule (de) education=evening_school + diploma=mittlere_reife
[W] Abendschule (de) education=evening_school (if possible use more specific tags)
[W] Blindenschule (de) education=school + blind=yes
[W] Fachoberschule (de) education=school + diploma=abitur + selective_admission=*
[W] Fernuniversität (de) education=university + remote=yes (if possible use more specific tags)
[W] Förderschule (de) education=school + disabled=yes (if possible use more specific tags)
[W] Gymnasium (de) education=school + diploma=abitur;mittlere_reife;berufsreife
[W] Hauptschule (de) education=school + diploma=berufsreife
[W] Hort/Schulhort (de) education=after_school (or after_school=yes when part of a different institution)
[W] Kindergarten (de) education=childcare + min_age=* + max_age=school
[W] Kita (de) education=childcare + min_age=* + max_age=*
[W] Kolleg (de) education=school + min_age=19 + potentially selective_admission=*
[W] Realschule (de) education=school + diploma=mittlere_reife;berufsreife
[W] Sprachheilschule (de) education=school + speech_impediment=yes
[W] Gehörlosenschule (de) education=school + deaf=yes
[W] Universität (de) education=university + ...
[W] Volkshochschule (de) education=college + operator:type=*
[W] Waldkindergarten (de) education=childcare + paradigm=outdoors


India

[W] Kendriya Vidyalaya


Japan

Caption text
[W] Escalator school education=school + education:level=*/min_age=*
[W] Juku education=cram_school

Korea

Many Korean schools offer [W] night self-learning called yaja. In some schools this is mandatory. Mandatory or optional yaja can be tagged as night_self_learning=mandatory or night_self_learning=optional, respectively.

[W] Hagwons should be tagged as education=cram_school, with after_school=yes if they offer more than just test preparation.


Sri Lanka

[W] Pirivena


Morocco

See [W] Education in Morocco. Many schools in have French as their [W] language of instruction. This may be indicated with language:fr=*.

[W] La mission education=school + language:fr=only.

United Kingdom

[W] Partially selective school (England)


United States of America

[W] Hālau hula education=dance_school + teaches:hula=yes
[W] Jewish day school education=school + after_school=yes + religion=jewish

Examples

The lists of tags in the following examples omits addresses, contact information, and other details such as Wikipedia/Wikidata references that are orthogonal to this proposal. Some long tag values are also elided as ....


Map Description/Remarks Tags
Map

[W] Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, a university for women in North India, mapped as way 268266811. See [W] List of women's colleges for further examples.

Map

[W] KAIST, a national research university in Korea, mapped as way 73679850. Unlike some other universities in Korea, admission is not based on [W] suneung scores or on a university-specific entrance exam.

Map

[W] Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium, a classical gymnasium in Germany, mapped asway 722721103. This school teaches Latin (mandatory) and Ancient Greek (optional, as alternative to French).

Map

Freie Waldorfschule Karlsruhe, a school in Germany, mapped as way 129991043. Entrance requires buying cooperative shares and there is a small monthly payment for materials. The school offers after-school activities (German: Hort).

Map

Christchurch Rudolf Steiner School, a school in New Zealand (Aotearoa), mapped as way 29472121. An example of a school with an integrated kindergarten. Also an example of a paradigm=waldorf institution without Waldorf in its name.

Rendering

Educational landuse and campus grounds of individual institutions should be rendered in the same manner.


Features/Pages affected

amenity=school (de facto)


amenity=language_school (de facto)


amenity=music_school (de facto)


amenity=driving_school (de facto)


amenity=kindergarten (de facto, but somewhat controversial)


amenity=childcare (originally rejected, but now in use)


amenity=university (approved)


amenity=college (approved)


TODO (important): specify in detail how old tags might be upgraded while preserving as much meaning as possible.

Some alternative tagging styles to consider

Tagging what is being taught instead of what an institution is. For example education=language instead of education=language_school. This could yield a very flexible and general scheme. However, there are two clear downsides to this. Firstly, it differs more from the currently used amenity=* values. Secondly, some institutions teach the same things while being distinct kinds of educational institutions. For instance, an education=night_school and a ordinary education=school usually differ in many ways (night schools commonly only have later grades, they only enrol adults, etc.). This would make it harder to tag these institutions in a fuzzy way. For instance, you could specify grades=* and min_age=* mark something as an night school, but it might be difficult to captures this information from just walking by. Conversely, tagging a school with Night School in its name as night_school is easy.

External discussions

Comments

Please comment on the discussion page.

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