Zh-hans:Key:protect_class
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| 说明 |
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| 用于描述保护地的类别。 |
| 组: references |
| 用于这些元素 |
| 已记载的值: 12 |
| 需要 |
| 常用组合 |
| 状态:使用中 |
| 此标签的工具 |
protect_class=* 用于描述 boundary=protected_area 的类别。更多细节参见 Conservation 中的保护区。
取值
The nature of the protected area is identified using protect_class=1a, 1b, 1 to 99 which are divided into four categories:
- Conservation Land, derived from international definitions (1a, 1b, 1-6)
- Other types of nature conservation (7, 97-99),
- Resources conservation for important single resources(11-19) and
- Social conservation for community and architecture (21-29).
Note that values 1 and 7-99 are not based on outside definitions and were invented for OSM.
The tables "Protect classes for various countries" below, provide guidance on the use of protect_class in specific countries.
Note that several of the values were proposed but have been very rarely used (for example, 11, 15, 16, and 26).
In some cases other tags are more common: boundary=national_park instead of 2, and boundary=aboriginal_lands instead of 24.
Nature Protected Area
Protected nature and landscape in ecosystem context, including promoted culture habits. Switch to the table of countries >>
| Class | Description | Examples | Rendering in osm-carto |
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protect_class=1a or protect_class=1
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Strict Nature Reserve (IUCN Category Ia)[2]: "...strictly set aside to protect biodiversity and also possibly geological/geomorphological features, where human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values. Such protected areas can serve as indispensable reference areas for scientific research and monitoring." [1] |
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protect_class=1b or protect_class=1
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Wilderness Area (IUCN Category Ib): "...usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence, without permanent or significant human habitation, which are protected and managed so as to preserve their natural condition." [1] |
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protect_class=2
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National Park (IUCN Category II): "Large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect large-scale ecological processes, species and ecosystems... which also provide a foundation for environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities." [1]
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protect_class=3
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Natural Monument or Feature (IUCN Category III): "...protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea mount, submarine cavern, geological feature such as a cave or even a living feature such as an ancient grove. They are generally quite small protected areas and often have high visitor value." Cultural and archaeological important [1] |
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protect_class=4
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Habitat/Species Management Area (IUCN Category IV): "...aim to protect particular species or habitats and management reflects this priority. Many category IV protected areas will need regular, active interventions to address the requirements of particular species or to maintain habitats, but this is not a requirement..." [1] |
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protect_class=5
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Protected Landscape/Seascape (IUCN Category V): "...area where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values." [1] |
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protect_class=6
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Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources (IUCN Category VI): "...conserve ecosystems and habitats, together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. They are generally large, with most of the area in a natural condition, where a proportion is under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level non-industrial use of natural resources compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims of the area." [1]
For small areas and single-value-protection see also resources-protected-area: protect_class=11 to 19. |
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| Class | Description* | Examples | Rendering in osm-carto |
|---|---|---|---|
protect_class=7
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nature-feature area: similar to 4. but without IUCN-level.
Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value:
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Some habitats are protected by local- or district-law: areas to protect one specie, special cover of vegetation, geological site, ... | (not rendered) |
protect_class=97
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A protected area protected by international continental agreements. They often cover sites already protected by national law. Used for the following conventions and treaties:
Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value: |
(not rendered) | |
protect_class=98
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A protected area protected by intercontinental treaties or conventions. They often cover sites already protected by national law. Does not include a cross-border national park (which would be tagged protect_class=2). Used for the following conventions and treaties:
Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value: |
(not rendered) | |
protect_class=99
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other continental or international, not yet classified. | (not rendered) | |
Resources-protected-area
Protected areas with a focus on single natural resources, including human living space itself, because of an important natural material or characteristic. Mostly appointed on community level. Switch to the table of countries.
| Class | Description | Rendering in osm-carto |
|---|---|---|
protect_class=12
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water: water protection area, fresh water, drinking water, springs, ...
Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value:
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protect_class=14
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species: no fishing, protected for fishery, protected for hunting, plants, ... Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value: |
(not rendered) |
protect_class=15
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location condition: floodwater retention area, protection forest, grazing land, ... Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value:
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(not rendered) |
protect_class=19
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other national, This tag was used by an import in Poland for "Użytek ekologiczny" areas
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(not rendered) |
Social-protected-area
Important social interests. Visualize sociopolitical assets. Switch to the table of countries.
| Class | Description | Rendering in osm-carto |
|---|---|---|
protect_class=21
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Community life: religious, sacred areas, gathering places, recreation (this sense of "recreation" has given rise to value 21 being assigned to state parks in New York, USA)
Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value.
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(not rendered)
For example Jones Beach State Park |
protect_class=22
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Cultural assets (cultural assets and - efforts, districts historical heritage, monument conservation): protection of sites with special architecture or historic interest, designed and created intentionally by people: urban layout, buildings, landscape, gardens, art-goods, ... |
(not rendered) |
protect_class=24
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Political protection: Consider using plain-English tagging alternatives instead of this value.
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(not rendered) |
protect_class=27
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Currently used only for Norwegian "Friluftsområde", a category of outdoor space accessible made publicly accessible by Norwegian law. | (not rendered) |
Discouraged, legacy, and unused values of protect_class=*
This section documents protect_class=* values that were previously proposed and/or used, but are not currently in use. Mappers are discouraged from tagging areas with these values. |
| Class | Description* | Rendering in osm-carto |
Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| soil: crop yield, erosion protection, ... [This tag was proposed but never used] | (not rendered) |
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climate and -air: gasper supply/cold air, ... [This tag was proposed but never used. See boundary=low_emission_zone (LEZ).]
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(not rendered) |
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longtime hazard area: contamination, earth-moving area, "problem sites" ... Formally deprecated by hazard=*.
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(not rendered) |
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Protection in favor of economics: special economic zones. Formally deprecated by boundary=special_economic_zone.
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(not rendered) |
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| Military areas: military refuges, test area, ... See |
(not rendered) |
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Historic: "for colonial-era entities and protectorates". More commonly tagged with: historic=* and/or heritage=*.
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(not rendered) |
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| other social, not yet classified for ID 21 to 28. [This tag was proposed but has never been used] | (not rendered) |
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各国的保护地类别
下面的表格为在不同国家使用 protect_class 提供了指引。如果你的国家尚未记录,请咨询相应的(政府)管理机构,或使用讨论页、当地的邮件列表进行讨论,然后在下面补充,或将其加入“其他”级别。以下分类以“IUCN 类别”为基础……请尝试把你所在国家的保护体系与该表格对应(协调)起来。
自然保护地
protect_class=*=
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| 国家 | 1a, 1b | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
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1a: |
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| 在澳大利亚,保护地的名称与特定的 IUCN 类别并不对应。标注应依据 CAPAD 的数据,更多细节参见 澳大利亚标注指南。 | |||||||
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| 生物保护区、州生态站 | 国家公园、州公园、州海洋公园 | 野生动物避难所 | 州生态突出保护区 | 州环境保护区 | 采掘保护区、国家森林、州可持续发展保护区、采掘保护区、国家森林、永久保护区、法定保留地 | ||
| 1a: Natuurreservaat 1b: Wildernisgebied |
Nationaal park | Natuurmonument | Biotoop | Beschermd landschap | Ecosysteem | ||
| 1a: Réserves naturelles domaniales (RND) et réserves naturelles agréées (RNA) intégrales | - | - | Réserves naturelles domaniales (RND) et réserves naturelles agréées (RNA) dirigées, cavités souterraines d'intérêt scientifique (CSIS), zone humide d'intérêt biologique (ZHIB) | Parc Naturel | Réserve forestière (RF) | ||
| Резерват (保护区) | Национален парк (国家公园) | Природна забележителност (自然纪念物) | Поддържан резерват
(管理型自然保护区) |
Природен парк
(自然公园) |
Защитена местност (保护地) | ||
| Wilderness Area, Nature Conservancy of Canada Lands (Ia), Nature Reserve (Ia), Ecological Reserve (Ia), Special Place (Ia), Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Migratory Bird Refuge (Ia), | Provincial Park, Territorial Park, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, | National Historic Site, National Historic Park, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, -Refuge, | Wildlife Management Area, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Eastern Habitat Joint Venture Lands, | Conservation Authority Area,Conservation Area, Recreation Site, | Faunal Habitat, Salmon River, Wildlife Habitat - Waterfowl Gathering Area, Community Pasture, Migratory Bird Sanctuary, | ||
| 国家自然保护区 | 国家公园/国家地质公园/国家森林公园/国家湿地公园/国家沙漠公园/国家水上公园/国家海洋特别保护区 | 国家封沙禁地/国家典型地震遗址 | 国家家畜遗传资源保护区/国家水生种质资源保护区/国家林业(花卉)公园 | - | - | ||
| - | National Park / Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN) y Reservas Nacionales Naturales (RNN) | National Nature Monument / Área natural única | Protected Site ( Santuarios de Flora y Fauna | Regional Park /Parques Regionales Naturales (PRN) | Área de Reserva Forestal (ARF) | ||
| Strict Reserve / Strogi rezervat | National Park / Nacionalni park | Special Reserve / Posebni rezervat | Nature park / Park prirode | Regional park /Regionalni park | Nature monument / Spomenik prirode | ||
| National Nature Reserve, Nature Reserve | National Park | National Nature Monument, Natural Monument | Protected Site | Protected Landscape Area | - | ||
1a:
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| 1a: Tiukasti suojeltu alue 1b: Erämainen alue |
Kansallispuisto | Luonnonmuistomerkki | Luontotyyppien tai lajien suojelu- ja hoitoalue | Suojeltu maisema-alue | Luonnonvarojen hoito- ja suojelualue | ||
| Réserve intégrale | Cœur de Parc national |
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Parc naturel marin | ||
| - | Nationalpark | - | Naturschutzgebiet | Naturpark, Landschaftsschutzgebiet | - | ||
| 1b: |
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| National parks in India | Wildlife sanctuaries of India | ||||||
| پارک ملی National Park |
اثر طبیعی ملی National Natural Monument |
پناهگاه حیات وحش Wildlife Refuge |
منطقه حفاظت شده Protected Area |
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Parks.it |
- | Parco Nazionale, Parco Naturale Regionale, Area Naturale Marina | Monumento Naturale, Sito Archeologico | Riserva Naturale Statale/Regionale, Biotopo, Area Naturale Marina | Zona umida, Area Protetta, Oasi, Parco Urbano, ecc. | - | |
| 1a: Wilderness Area (原生自然環境保全地域) 1b: Nature Conservation Area (自然環境保全地域) / Forest Ecosystem Reserve (森林生態系保護地域) |
National Park (国立公園) / Quasi National Park (国定公園) [12] | 未登记[13] | Wildlife Protection Area (鳥獣保護区) / National Habitat Conservation Area (生息地等保護区) / Protected Water Surface (保護水面) | National Park (国立公園) / Quasi National Park (国定公園) [12] / Prefectural Nature Conservation Area (都道府県自然環境保全地域) / Prefectural Natural Park (都道府県立自然公園) / Green Corridor (緑の回廊) | Coastline Marine Resource Development Area (沿岸水産資源開発区域) / Common fishery right area (共同漁業権区域) / Area designated by prefecture, fishery operator group, etc. (指定海域) | ||
1a:
1b:
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| (IUCN-Ib) Reserva Científica | Parque Nacional | Monumento Natural | Refugio de Vida Silvestre | Reserva Hidrológica; Paisaje Protegido; Área Natural Recreativa |
Reserva Forestal; Área de Recursos Manejados | ||
| Wilderness Area | National Park, Natural Park | Natural Monument | Bird Sanctuary, Wildlife Sanctuary | Protected Landscape, Protected Seascape, Protected Landscape and Seascape, Managed Resource Protected Area, Natural Biotic Area | Resource Reserve, Watershed Forest Reserve | ||
| - | Obszar ochrony gatunkowej/ |
Obszar czynnej ochrony zasobów przyrodniczych (ang. managed resource protected area) | |||||
| Parque Nacional,
Parque Natural |
Paisagem Protegida (*由国家主管部门发布),
Monumento Natural, Sítio Classificado |
Reserva Natural | Paisagem Protegida (*由地方/省级主管部门发布),
Paisagem Protegida Regional, Paisagem Protegida Local |
Área Protegida Privada | |||
| Ia: Zapovednik | National Park | Nature Monument | Zakasnik | - | |||
| National Nature Reserve, Nature Reserve | National Park | National Nature Monument, Natural Monument | Protected Site | Protected Landscape Area | - | ||
| Integral Natural Reserves (Reservas Naturales Integrales) | National Park (Parque Nacional) | Natural Monument (Monumento Natural) | Natural Reserves (Reservas Naturales), Protected Marine Area (Área Marina Protegida), (Site of Scientific Interest (Sitio de Interés Científico), Special Natural Reserve (Reserva Natural Especial) | Natural Park (Parque Natural), Protected Landscape (Paisaje Protegido), Natural Areas of Special Interest (Áreas Naturales de Especial Interés) | Rural Park (Parque Rural), Regional Park (Parque Regional) | ||
| Wilderness area | National Park (由 SANParks 运营 https://www.sanparks.org/) | Natural Monument (例如桌山) | Provincial Reserve , Cape Nature Reserve (https://www.capenature.co.za/), KZN Parks (http://www.kznparks.com/) | ||||
| Nature Reserve, Zapovednik (Природний заповідник) | National Nature Park, National Park (Національний природний парк) | Natural Monument, Natural Nature Monument (Пам'ятка природи) | Zakaznyk (Заказник); Conservation Stow (Заповідне урочище) | Regional Landscape Park (Регіональний ландшафтний парк); Botanic Garden (Ботанічний сад); Dendrological Park (Дендрологічний парк); Zoological Park (Зоологічний парк); Park-monument of Landscape Art (Парк-пам'ятка садово-паркового мистецтва) | - | ||
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| 有关所有国家级以及大多数 州与地区 保护地的 IUCN 分类,请查阅美国地质调查局 保护区数据库。更多的标注指南参见 United_States/Public_lands。 | |||||||
| 国家 | 1a, 1b | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
其他自然保护地
- 对于以大陆尺度保护的自然区域,请参见主 自然保护地表格 中
protect_class=97的条目。 - 对于以跨洲际方式保护的自然区域,请参见主 自然保护地表格 中
protect_class=98的条目。 - 一些国家的标注者曾用
protect_class=7来标注不符合 IUCN 定义的受保护自然区域。下表列出了已知的所有使用该标签的国家惯例。
| 国家 | protect_class=7
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| 重要景观 / Značajan krajobraz | |
| Geschützer Biotop, -Landschaftsbestandteil, Naturdenkmal, Horstschutzgebiet, Waldschutzgebiete (Schon- und Bannwald), Gewässerschutz, ... | |
| 私人自然保护区(并非由政府管理) | |
| 地方自然保护区 |
资源保护地
protect_class=*=
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| 国家 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | ||
| 集水区保护区 | ||||||||
| - | Quellschutzgebiet, Wasserschutzgebiet | IG Luft | - | Bannwald | Altlast, Überschwemmungsgebiet, Hochwasserzone | |||
| Waterwinningsgebied | Jachtgebied | |||||||
| Bodenschutz | Trinkwasserschutz, Trinkwassergewinnung, Heilquellenschutz, ... | Kaltluftentstehung, Frischluftversorgung, Immissionsschutz-, ... | Angelverbot, Fischereischutzzone, Jagdschutzgebiet, ... | Retentionsraum, Schutzwald, Standort, | Kontaminationsfläche, Bodenbewegungsgebiet, ... | |||
| Game Refuge, Marine Reserve | ||||||||
| EPA Superfund site | ||||||||
社会保护区
protect_class=*=
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| 国家 | 21 | 22 | 24 (可能正被 boundary=aboriginal_lands 取代) | 25 | 27* [1]) | |||
| 纪念物保护 | ||||||||
| Kulturdenkmal, UNESCO-Kulturerbe | (军事训练场、兵营、通信设施、弹药库) | |||||||
| 原住民保护区 | ||||||||
| - | - | 原住民保护区与哥伦比亚非裔保护区:Resguardos indígenas y Tierras de Comunidades Negras | - | - | ||||
| Denkmalschutz | - | |||||||
| UNESCO 文化遗产地 | 祖居地/领地 | |||||||
| 葡萄牙社群改用 遗产体系。 | ||||||||
| UNESCO 世界遗产、具有文化价值的财产(BIC) | ||||||||
| 文化遗产保护(KGS 瑞士名录) | - | - | - | |||||
| 保护区 | ||||||||
| 详细分类参见 美国公共土地。 | ||||||||
各国保护区相关链接
以下网站可用于查询各国保护地的更多信息。
| 国家 | 链接 |
|---|---|
| 南极条约秘书处(数据库) | |
| 按 IUCN 划分的保护区类别 | |
| 玻利维亚保护区(链接自 2020-11-22 起失效) | |
| 来源(英文) | |
| 加拿大森林的保护与保育 | |
| Parks.it | |
| 参见 | |
| 有关所有国家级以及大多数 州与地区 保护地的 IUCN 分类,请查阅美国地质调查局 保护区数据库。更多的标注指南参见 United_States/Public_lands。 |
参见
iucn_level=*用于记录准确的 IUCN 保护区类别 的替代标签。
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories | IUCN[2]
- ↑ International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)[3]
- ↑ Per [4], "The Natura 2000 sites are [...] considered as the contribution from the EU member States to the Emerald Network"
- ↑ Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA)
- ↑ The Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region
- ↑ Also known as the "Convention on Wetlands"
- ↑ UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
- ↑ UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp)
- ↑ World Heritage Convention
- ↑ Metsähallitus: IUCN:n suojelualueluokituksen soveltaminen Suomessa
- ↑ 依据在线 IUCN 数据库 protectedplanet 中登记的名称。
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 只有一小部分(准)国家公园被归入 IUCN 第 II 类;其余的可见于 IUCN 第 V 类。
- ↑ 天然記念物在《文物保护法》(文化財保護法)中有定义,但 IUCN 数据库中没有登记相关实体。
- ↑ 依据 Manaaki Whenua/Landcare Research 的这份报告。
- ↑ 来源
- ↑ 加拿大森林的保护与保育
- ↑ Adaptación Biotopos
- ↑ 注意:由于发布限制,相关数据不在 WDPA 中








