Template:Fa:Map Features:highway

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Highway

این تگ برای توصیف جاده‌ها و راه‌های پیاده استفاده می‌شود. برای آشنایی با کاربرد آن به صفحهٔ Fa:معابر مراجعه کنید. همچنین برای آشنایی با محدودیت‌های دسترسی بر اساس وسیلهٔ نقلیه، زمان، روز، میزان بار، هدف و... به صفحهٔ Restrictions مراجعه کنید. جدول زیر ترجمهٔ مستقیم نسخهٔ انگلیسی است و هنوز به‌طور دقیق دربارهٔ ویژگی‌های راه‌ها در ایران صحبت نمی‌کند. یک نسخهٔ در حال استفاده برای راه‌های ایران در صفحهٔ قواعد تگ‌گذاری ایران آمده است.

کلید مقدار عنصر توضیح نمایش در carto عکس

راه‌ها

تگ‌های اصلی برای شبکهٔ راه‌ها. از اهمیت زیاد به کم مرتب شده‌اند.

highway motorway راه یک راه اصلی که خطوط رفت و برگشت آن مجزاست و دسترسی آن محدود است و اغلب، ۲ خط عبور یا بیشتر بعلاوهٔ شانه اضطراری آسفالته در هر جهت دارد. هم‌ارز آزادراه، اتوبان و... است.
Rendering-highway motorway neutral.png
  • Morgendlicher Berufsverkehr auf der BAB A8 beim Kreuz Stuttgart - panoramio.jpg
highway trunk راه مهم‌ترین راه‌ها در شبکهٔ جاده‌ای یک کشور که آزادراه نباشد (لازم نیست حتماً دوبانده باشد)
Rendering-highway trunk carto.png
  • A55 trunk road looking east - geograph.org.uk - 932668.jpg
  • Cat and Fiddle Road, England
highway primary راه راه مهم بعدی در شبکهٔ جاده‌ای یک کشور (معمولاً شهرهای بزرگ‌تر را به هم متصل می‌کند).
Rendering-highway primary neutral.png
  • Hunsrückhöhenstraße, Kappel, Germany
  • Tanami Road, Australia
highway secondary راه راه مهم بعدی در شبکهٔ جاده‌ای یک کشور (معمولاً شهرها را به هم متصل می‌کند).
Rendering-highway secondary neutral.png
  • L134, Meyenburg, Schwanewede, Germany
  • Vatnsnesvegur, Iceland
highway tertiary راه راه مهم بعدی در شبکهٔ جاده‌ای یک کشور (معمولاً شهرهای کوچک‌تر و روستاها را به هم متصل می‌کند).
Rendering-highway tertiary neutral.png
  • Bergedorfer Straße, Worpswede, Germany
  • Canol Road, Yukon, Canada
highway unclassified راه کم‌اهمیت‌ترین راه ارتباطی در شبکهٔ جاده‌ای یک کشور این درجه را می‌گیرد؛ یعنی راه‌های فرعی با درجه‌بندی کمتر از tertiary که به‌منظوری غیر از دسترسی به املاک استفاده می‌شوند (معمولاً روستاها و آبادی‌ها را به هم متصل می‌کند). واژهٔ unclassified اصطلاحی قدیمی در شبکهٔ جاده‌ای انگلستان است و به این معنی نیست که درجه‌بندی نامشخص است؛ برای درجه‌بندی نامشخص از highway=road استفاده نمایید.
Rendering-highway unclassified.png
  • Sentiero 00, Cantagallo, Tuscany, Italy
  • Kuskealleen, Vordingborg, Denmark
highway residential راه راه‌هایی که برای دسترسی به منازل مسکونی استفاده می‌شود و کارکرد ارتباط‌دهندگی مناطق مسکونی را ندارند. بیشتر، در امتداد منازل مسکونی هستند.
Rendering-highway residential.png
  • Taman Ria Terrace.jpg
  • Main Street, Elko, Nevada, USA

راه‌های اتصال‌دهنده (Link)

highway motorway_link راه The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a motorway from/to a motorway or lower class highway. Normally with the same motorway restrictions.
Rendering-highway motorway link.png
A5 exit link to A672, Darmstadt, Germany
highway trunk_link راه The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a trunk road from/to a trunk road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway trunk link.png
A7 / OAL23 interchange, Nesselwang, Germany
highway primary_link راه The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a primary road from/to a primary road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway primary link.png
B20 exit and entrance to Brunn, Fridolfing, Germany
highway secondary_link راه The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a secondary road from/to a secondary road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway secondary link.png
APD-40cloverleaf.jpg
highway tertiary_link راه The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a tertiary road from/to a tertiary road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway tertiary link.png

راه‌های خاص

highway living_street راه For living streets, which are residential streets where pedestrians have legal priority over cars, speeds are kept very low and where children are allowed to play on the street.
Living street osm.png
beginning of a living street with a paving stones surface and some trees and cars parking at the sides
highway service راه ناحیه برای جاده‌های دسترسی به و یا درون منطقه صنعتی، اردوگاه، پارک کسب و کار، پارک خودرو، کوچه‌ها و غیره. می‌تواند به منظور نشان دادن نوع استفاده همراه با service=* و برای نشان دادن اینکه چه کسانی و در چه شرایطی می‌توانند از آن استفاده کننده همراه با access=* مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.
Rendering-highway service.png
Alley leading from the High Street to Green Lane Shopping Centre - geograph.org.uk - 942796.jpg
highway pedestrian راه ناحیه For roads used mainly/exclusively for pedestrians in shopping and some residential areas which may allow access by motorised vehicles only for very limited periods of the day. To create a 'square' or 'plaza' create a closed way and tag as pedestrian and also with area=yes.
Pedestrian with area osm.png
Cambridge Rd - geograph.org.uk - 1189572.jpg
highway track راه جاده‌هایی که عمدتا کاربرد کشاورزی و جنگلی دارند. برای توصیف کیفیت یک مسیر track از tracktype=* استفاده کنید. توجه: هرچند trackها معمولا دارای سطح ناصاف و کوبیده‌نشده هستند، این برچسب کیفیت مسیر را توصیف می‌کند و فقط به کاربرد آن اشاره دارد. در نتیجه، اگر می‌خواهید یک جاده با کاربرد عمومی را برچسب بزنید، به جای track از general highway values استفاده کنید.
Rendering-highway track.png
  • Frühlingslandschft Aaretal Schweiz.jpg
  • Asphalt track.jpg
highway bus_guideway راه busway یا اتوبوس‌راه، سواره‌روِ مخصوصی است که وسیلهٔ نقلیه در امتداد آن هدایت می‌شود (ریل نیست) و برای سایر وسایل نقلیه مناسب نیست. توجه: این مسیر، یک خط اتوبوس معمولی نیست؛ از access=no و psv=yes استفاده کنید!
Rendering-highway-bus guideway-mapnik.png
Bus track.jpg
highway escape راه For runaway truck ramps, runaway truck lanes, emergency escape ramps, or truck arrester beds. It enables vehicles with braking failure to safely stop.
A7-Notbremsweg.jpg
highway raceway راه میدان یا مسیر مسابقه (موتوری)
Rendering-highway-raceway-mapnik.png
Fuji Speedway start-finish.jpg
highway road راه A road/way/street/motorway/etc. of unknown type. It can stand for anything ranging from a footpath to a motorway. This tag should only be used temporarily until the road/way/etc. has been properly surveyed. If you do know the road type, do not use this value, instead use one of the more specific highway=* values.
Rendering-highway-road-mapnik.png
Road.png
highway busway راه A dedicated roadway for bus rapid transit systems
grade-seperated section of busway outside of station

راهچه‌ها (Paths)

highway footway راه ناحیه For designated footpaths; i.e., mainly/exclusively for pedestrians. This includes walking tracks and gravel paths. If bicycles are allowed as well, you can indicate this by adding a bicycle=yes tag. Should not be used for paths where the primary or intended usage is unknown. Use highway=pedestrian for pedestrianised roads in shopping or residential areas and highway=track if it is usable by agricultural or similar vehicles.
Rendering-highway footway.png
Footway in Stowupland - geograph.org.uk - 1044849.jpg
highway bridleway راه برای سوارکاران. هم‌ارز highway=path + horse=designated است.
Rendering-highway bridleway.png
Bridleway-reitweg-de.jpg
highway steps راه برای مسیرهای پله‌ای عابرین پیاده است. به منظور مشخص کردن تعداد پله‌ها، به همراه برچسب step_count=* استفاده کنید.
Rendering-highway steps.png
Escalinata del Calvario de Toluca.jpg
highway corridor راه For a hallway inside of a building.
HK TST Star House mall corridor interior shop signs Sept-2012.JPG
highway path راه A non-specific path. Use highway=footway for paths mainly for walkers, highway=cycleway for one also usable by cyclists, highway=bridleway for ones available to horse riders as well as walkers and highway=track for ones which is passable by agriculture or similar vehicles.
Path osm.png
Forest path and trees.jpg
highway via_ferrata راه A via ferrata is a route equipped with fixed cables, stemples, ladders, and bridges in order to increase ease and security for climbers. These via ferrata require equipment : climbing harness, shock absorber and two short lengths of rope, but do not require a long rope as for climbing.
Mauerlaeufer ueberhang.jpg

When sidewalk/crosswalk is tagged as a separate way

footway sidewalk راه Sidewalk that runs typically along residential road. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path
Rendering-highway footway.png
200806 Berlin 91sidewalk.jpg
footway crossing راه A.k.a. crosswalk. Pedestrians can cross a street here; e.g., zebra crossing
Rendering-highway footway.png
Zebra-crossing sm.jpg
footway traffic_island راه A.k.a. crosswalk. Pedestrians can cross a street here; e.g., zebra crossing
Rendering-highway footway.png

هنگامی که پیاده‌رو را با تگ‌گذاری معبر اصلی مشخص می‌کنیم (Sidewalks را ببینید)

sidewalk both | left | right | no راه Specifies that the highways has sidewalks on both sides, on one side or no sidewalk at all
Sidewalk and zebra-crossing.jpg

هنگامی که راه دوچرخه را به‌طور مجزا رسم می‌کنیم (Bicycle را ببینید)

highway cycleway راه For designated cycleways. Add foot=* only if default-access-restrictions do not apply.
Cycleway osm.png
Separated cycleway with traffic sign

هنگامی که راه دوچرخه را با تگ‌گذاری معبر اصلی/خط عبور مشخص می‌کنیم (Bicycle را ببینید)

cycleway lane راه A lane is a route that lies within the roadway
Fietsstrook Herenweg Oudorp.jpg
cycleway opposite راه Used on ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
Sul bxl 01.JPG
cycleway opposite_lane راه Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling lane going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
France road sign C24a-2.svg
cycleway track راه A track provides a route that is separated from traffic. In the United States, this term is often used to refer to bike lanes that are separated from lanes for cars by pavement buffers, bollards, parking lanes, and curbs. Note that a cycle track may alternatively be drawn as a separate way next to the road which is tagged as highway=cycleway.
Cycle nexttoroad.jpg
cycleway opposite_track راه Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling track going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
549c Spitzenkiel140923.jpg
cycleway share_busway راه There is a bus lane that cyclists are permitted to use.
Busandbike.jpg
cycleway opposite_share_busway راه Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a bus lane that cyclists are also permitted to use, and which go in the opposite direction to normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" bus lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
2010-01-02 15.19.16.jpg
cycleway shared_lane راه Cyclists share a lane with motor vehicles, but there are markings indicating that they should share the lane with motorists. In some places these markings are known as "sharrows" ('sharing arrows') and this is the tag to use for those.
Sharrows Toronto 2011.jpg

Busways tagged on the main roadway or lane (see Bus lanes)

busway lane راه Bus lane on both sides of the road.
2010-01-02 15.19.16.jpg
busway opposite راه Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes where buses are legally permitted to travel in both directions. Replaced by oneway:bus=no
busway opposite_lane راه Deprecated variant for ways with oneway=yes that have a bus lane which go in the opposite direction to normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" bus lane). Replaced by oneway:bus=no and lanes:bus=* / lanes:psv=*) / bus:lanes=* / psv:lanes=*

Street parking tagged on the main roadway (see Street parking)

parking:left / :right / :both
(hereafter: parking:side)
lane | street_side | on_kerb | half_on_kerb | shoulder | no | separate | yes راه A lane is a route that lies within the roadway
Darby Street Pre-Shared Space Change.jpg
parking:sideorientation=* parallel | diagonal | perpendicular راه A lane is a route that lies within the roadway

چرخهٔ ساخت (see also lifecycle prefixes)

highway proposed راه For planned roads, use with proposed=* and a value of the proposed highway value.
highway construction راه For roads under construction. Use construction=* to hold the value for the completed road.
Rendering-highway construction tertiary carto.png
different colours
The T12 link road to Wilmore Road under construction - geograph.org.uk - 4452080.jpg

خصوصیت‌ها

abutters commercial/ industrial/ mixed/ residential/ retail etc. راه برای جزئیات بیشتر Key:abutters را ببینید.
Microsoft Germany Headquarters Munich.jpg
bicycle_road yes راه یک راه دوچرخه راهی است که مخصوص دوچرخه‌ها باشد. اگر خیابان‌های مسکونی با نصب علائم ویژه کارکرد راه دوچرخه پیدا کنند آمدوشد وسایل نقلیهٔ موتوری با محدودیت در سرعت، و معمولاً فقط برای ساکنان، مجاز است.
456Humboldtstr.jpg
bus_bay both | left | right راه A bus bay outside the main carriageway for boarding/alighting
1033@970.jpg
change yes | no | not_right | not_left | only_right | only_left راه Specify the allowed/forbidden lane changes
Only Only Only (49884679761).jpg
destination <place name of destination> راه Destination when following a linear feature
Japanese Road sign (Direction and Lane A).svg
embankment yes | dyke راه A dyke or a raised bank to carry a road, railway, or canal across a low-lying or wet area.
Green River Trail - Desimone Levee 01.jpg
embedded_rails yes | <type of railway> راه A highway on which non-railway traffic is also allowed has railway tracks embedded in it but the rails are mapped as separate ways.
Ruusulankatu tram rails (at lat 60.18206, lon 24.92450) heading NW.jpg
ford yes گره راه The road crosses through stream or river, vehicles must enter any water.
Map feature ford.jpg
ice_road yes راه A highway is laid upon frozen water basin, definitely doesn't exist in summer.
Pechora crossing.jpg
incline Number %/° گره راه Incline steepness as percents ("5%") or degrees ("20°"). Positive/negative values indicate movement upward/downwards in the direction of the way.
Incline17.jpg
junction roundabout راه راه بسته This automatically implies oneway=yes, the oneway direction is defined by the sequential ordering of nodes within the Way. This applies on a way, tagged with highway=* already.
Mapping-Features-Roundabout-Simple.png
2008 03 12 - UMD - Roundabout viewed from Art Soc Bldg 4b.JPG
lanes number راه The number of traffic lanes for general purpose traffic, also for buses and other specific classes of vehicle.
NLEx 6 Lanes.jpg
lane_markings yes | no راه Specifies if a highway has painted markings to indicate the position of the lanes.
Reelsen1.JPG
lit yes/no گرهراهناحیه Street lighting
Berlin speer-leuchte.jpg
maxspeed <number> راه Specifies the maximum legal speed limit on a road, railway or waterway.
Zeichen 274-60 - Zulässige Höchstgeschwindigkeit, StVO 2017.svg
motorroad yes/no راه گره The motorroad tag is used to describe highways that have motorway-like access restrictions but that are not a motorway.
Zeichen 331.1 - Kraftfahrstraße, StVO 2013.svg
mountain_pass yes گره The highest point of a mountain pass.
Mountain pass-8.svg
Mountain pass.jpg
mtb:scale 0-6 راه Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A classification scheme for mtb trails (few inclination and downhill).
Difficulty gauge for the grants process.png
mtb:scale:uphill 0-5 راه A classification scheme for mtb trails for going uphill if there is significant inclination.
Difficulty gauge for the grants process.png
mtb:scale:imba 0-4 راه The IMBA Trail Difficulty Rating System shall be used for bikeparks. It is adapted to mtb trails with artificial obstacles.
mtb:description Text راه Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A key to input variable infos related to mtbiking on a way with human words
oneway yes | no | reversible راه Oneway streets are streets where you are only allowed to drive in one direction.
Schildhb.jpg
oneway:bicycle yes | no | راه Used on ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions.
Sul bxl 01.JPG
overtaking yes/ no/ caution/ both/ forward/ backward راه Specifying sections of roads where overtaking is legally forbidden. Use overtaking:forward=yes/no/caution and overtaking:backward=yes/no/caution when it depends on driving direction.
Overtakinglines.jpg
parking:lane parallel/ diagonal/ perpendicular/ marked/ no_parking/ no_stopping/ fire_lane. راه Specifying the parking space. See parking:lane=* for more details.
Parkingonstreetlanes2nowide.png
parking:condition free/ ticket/ disc/ residents/ customers/ private راه Specifying the parking conditions (terms). See parking:condition=* for more details.
2013.11.01.104926 Parking sign Kilauea Avenue Hilo Hawaii.jpg
passing_places yes راه A way which has frequent passing places
Single-track.jpg
priority forward | backward راه Traffic priority for narrow parts of roads, e.g. narrow bridges.
Vienna Convention road sign B6.svg
priority_road designated | yes_unposted | end راه Specifying roads signposted as priority roads.
Vienna Convention road sign B3-V1.svg
sac_scale hiking / mountain_hiking / demanding_mountain_hiking / alpine_hiking / demanding_alpine_hiking / difficult_alpine_hiking راه Applies to highway=path and highway=footway. A classification scheme for hiking trails.
Adventurous Mountain Hikes (Unsplash).jpg
service alley / driveway / parking_aisle etc. راه برای جزئیات بیشتر Key:service را ببینید.
Seattle - alley north from S Jackson between Western & 1st - A.jpg
shoulder no | yes | right | both | left راه Presence of shoulder in highway
15-05-23-Berlin-Sachsendamm-Tesla-RalfR-N3S 7354.jpg
smoothness excellent / good / intermediate / bad / very_bad / horrible / very_horrible / impassable راه ناحیه See Key:smoothness for more details.
Jena Track roots.jpg
surface paved / unpaved / asphalt / concrete / paving_stones / sett / cobblestone / metal / wood / compacted / fine_gravel / gravel / pebblestone / plastic / grass_paver / grass / dirt / earth / mud / sand / ground راه See Key:surface for more details.
Transportation in Tanzania Traffic problems.JPG
tactile_paving yes / no گره راه ناحیه A paving in the ground to be followed with a blindman's stick.
Tactile paving.jpg
tracktype grade1/ grade2/ grade3/ grade4/ grade5 راه To describe the quality of the surface. See Key:tracktype for more information.
Surface grade1.jpg
traffic_calming yes / bump / hump / cushion / table etc. گره راه See Key:traffic calming for more details.
Ležeći policajac 016.jpg
trail_visibility excellent / good / intermediate / bad / horrible / no راه Applies to highway=path, highway=footway, highway=cycleway and highway=bridleway. A classification for hiking trails visibility
Trail visibility good.jpg
trailblazed yes | no | poles | cairns | symbols راه Applies to highway=*. Describing trail blazing and marking. See Key:trailblazed for more information.
Trail blazing 10.jpg
trailblazed:visibility excellent | good | intermediate | bad | horrible | no راه Applies to trailblazed=*. A classification for visibility of trailblazing. See Key:trailblazed:visibility for more information.
turn left / slight_left / through / right / slight_right / merge_to_left / merge_to_right / reverse راه The key turn can be used to specify the direction in which a way or a lane will lead.
Zeichen 297 - Richtungspfeile, StVO 1970.svg
width <number> راه The width of a feature.
Height demonstration diagram.png
winter_road yes راه A highway functions during winter, probably can't be driven in summer.
Anuisk bilibino sever66.jpg

سایر عارضه‌ها با کلید highway

highway bus_stop گره یک ایستگاه اتوبوس کوچک. با استفاده از تگ public_transport=stop_position (محل ایست اتوبوس) و تگ public_transport=platform (محل انتظار مسافران) می‌توانیم آن را دقیق‌تر نقشه‌کشی کنیم. برای جزئیات بیشتر public_transport=* را ببینید.
Bus stop.12.svg
Průmyslová str3, Prague Štěrboholy.jpg
highway crossing گره A.k.a. crosswalk. Pedestrians can cross a street here; e.g., zebra crossing
Zebra-crossing sm.jpg
highway cyclist_waiting_aid گره Street furniture for cyclists that are intended to make waiting at esp. traffic lights more comfortable.
Cyclist footrest 01 Flickr SDOT Photos.jpg
highway elevator گره راه An elevator or lift, used to travel vertically, providing passenger and freight access between pathways at different floor levels.
Elevator-12.svg
Diag3.jpg
highway emergency_bay گره راه An area beside a highway where you can safely stop your car in case of breakdown or emergency.
France road sign C8.svg
highway emergency_access_point گره Sign number which can be used to define your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN
Anfahrpunkt für Rettungsfahrzeuge HP 108 Alter Lorscher Weg 102 1235.jpg
highway give_way گره A "give way," or "Yield" sign
Give way.jpg
emergency phone گره A calling device can be used to tell on your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN
Emergency-phone.16.svg
Emergency push-button telephone, Warsaw.jpg
highway ladder گرهراه A vertical or inclined set of steps or rungs intended for climbing or descending of a person with the help of hands.
Wooden ladder to the small cave, Hurkutstein.jpg
highway milestone گره Highway location marker
3marcoquilometriconovo.png
highway mini_roundabout گره Similar to roundabouts, but at the center there is either a painted circle or a fully traversable island. In case of an untraversable center island, junction=roundabout should be used.

Rendered as anti-clockwise by default direction=anticlockwise. To render clockwise add the tag direction=clockwise.

Mapping-Features-Mini-Roundabout.png
Mini-roundabout.jpg
highway motorway_junction گره Indicates a junction (UK) or exit (US). ref=* should be set to the exit number or junction identifier. (Some roads – e.g., the A14 – also carry junction numbers, so the tag may be encountered elsewhere despite its name)
Mapnik-Motorway-Junction.png
Dscf0242 600.jpg
highway passing_place گره The location of a passing space
Ausweichstelle.jpg
highway platform گره راه ناحیه A platform at a bus stop or station.
Rendering-highway railway platform line.png
Bayview trstwy.jpg
highway rest_area گره ناحیه Place where drivers can leave the road to rest, but not refuel.
Rendering-highway-services-mapnik.jpg
Wentworth terrain.jpg
highway services گره ناحیه A service station to get food and eat something, often found at motorways
Mapping Features Motorway service area.jpg
De lucht.jpg
highway speed_camera گره A fixed road-side or overhead speed camera.
Speed Camera - geograph.org.uk - 399358.jpg
highway speed_display گره A dynamic electronic sign that displays the speed of the passer-by motorist.
Standard radar sign.jpg
highway stop گره A stop sign
STOP sign.jpg
highway street_lamp گره A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night
2014 Kłodzko, ul. Grottgera 14.JPG
highway toll_gantry گره A toll gantry is a gantry suspended over a way, usually a motorway, as part of a system of electronic toll collection. For a toll booth with any kind of barrier or booth see: barrier=toll_booth
CR0344eRoad-MM4-TollGantry (29081629762).jpg
highway traffic_mirror گره Mirror that reflects the traffic on one road when direct view is blocked.
Verkehrsspiegel.JPG
highway traffic_signals گره Lights that control the traffic
Traffic light-16.svg
Ampel.jpg
highway trailhead گره Designated place to start on a trail or route
Ancient Lakes Trailhead - panoramio.jpg
highway turning_circle گره A turning circle is a rounded, widened area usually, but not necessarily, at the end of a road to facilitate easier turning of a vehicle. Also known as a cul de sac.
Mapping-Features-Turning-Circle.png
Turning circle.jpg
highway turning_loop گره A widened area of a highway with a non-traversable island for turning around, often circular and at the end of a road.
Turning circle - geograph.org.uk - 991834.jpg
highway تعریف کاربر گره راه همهٔ مقادیر رایج بر اساس Taginfo

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