Tr:Map Features

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Dikkat: Bu sayfa Map Features'ın Türkçe bir özetidir; ve İngilizce sayfanın birebir kopyasıdır. Böylece çeviri kolaylaşmıştır.

OpenStreetMap Düğüm, Yol veya Alanlara atanacak etiketler için hiç bir içerik kısıtlamasına sahip değildir. İstediğiniz herhangi bir etiketi kullanabilirsiniz. Fakat, ortak bir altlık harita yaratmak, yorumlamak ve görüntülemek için öznitelik ve bunlara karşılık gelen etiketlerden oluşan bir tavsiye edilecek bir küme üzerinde anlaşmanın bir çok yararı vardır. Bu sayfa tavsiye edilen bir öznitelik ve ilgili etiket kümesini içermektedir.

Eğer haritalamak istediğiniz öznitelik için uygun etiket bulamıyorsanız Proposed features sayfasına bakın. Orada hangi olası eklenecek özniteliklerin neler görebilir (daha önce eklenmelerini sağlayabilir) veya kendiniz bir şey önerebilirsiniz.

Görsel giydirme (rendering) hakkında notlar:

  • Burada bulunan etiketleri kullanmanız yaptığınız düzenlemelerin çeşitli yazılımlarca büyük olasılıkla gösterilmesini sağlayacaktır. Ancak, bu durum kullanılan bir etiketin belirli bir yazılım veya OSM ana harita sayfasında kullanılan yazılımlar ile gösterilebileceğini garanti etmez.
  • Burada listelenmemiş ancak OSM ana harita sayfasında giydirilerek gösterilebilen birçok etiketler bulunabilir. Bu liste yazılımlar tarafından uygulanmış tüm etiketler ile güncellenmemiştir.

Tablolar en çok kullanılan başta olmak üzere temalarına göre gruplandırılmıştır.

Fiziksel

=== Araçyolu ===

Bu etiket öncelikle her türlü yolu belirlemekte kullanılır.

Key Value Element Comment Rendering carto Examples

Roads

These are the principal tags for the road network. They range from the most to least important.

highway motorway way A restricted access major divided highway, normally with 2 or more running lanes plus emergency hard shoulder. Equivalent to the Freeway, Autobahn, etc..
Rendering-highway motorway neutral.png
  • Morgendlicher Berufsverkehr auf der BAB A8 beim Kreuz Stuttgart - panoramio.jpg
highway trunk way The most important roads in a country's system that aren't motorways. (Need not necessarily be a divided highway.)
Rendering-highway trunk carto.png
  • L3005, Eschborn, Germany
  • Cat and Fiddle Road, England
highway primary way The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link larger towns.)
Rendering-highway primary neutral.png
  • Hunsrückhöhenstraße, Kappel, Germany
  • Tanami Road, Australia
highway secondary way The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link towns.)
Rendering-highway secondary neutral.png
  • L134, Meyenburg, Schwanewede, Germany
  • Vatnsnesvegur, Iceland
highway tertiary way The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link smaller towns and villages)
Rendering-highway tertiary neutral.png
  • Bergedorfer Straße, Worpswede, Germany
  • Canol Road, Yukon, Canada
highway unclassified way The least important through roads in a country's system – i.e. minor roads of a lower classification than tertiary, but which serve a purpose other than access to properties. (Often link villages and hamlets.)

The word 'unclassified' is a historical artefact of the UK road system and does not mean that the classification is unknown; you can use highway=road for that.

Rendering-highway unclassified.png
  • Sentiero 00, Cantagallo, Tuscany, Italy
  • Kuskealleen, Vordingborg, Denmark
highway residential way Roads which serve as an access to housing, without function of connecting settlements. Often lined with housing.
Rendering-highway residential.png
  • Taman Ria Terrace.jpg
  • Main Street, Elko, Nevada, USA

Link roads

highway motorway_link way The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a motorway from/to a motorway or lower class highway. Normally with the same motorway restrictions.
Rendering-highway motorway link.png
A5 exit link to A672, Darmstadt, Germany
highway trunk_link way The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a trunk road from/to a trunk road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway trunk link.png
A7 / OAL23 interchange, Nesselwang, Germany
highway primary_link way The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a primary road from/to a primary road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway primary link.png
B20 exit and entrance to Brunn, Fridolfing, Germany
highway secondary_link way The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a secondary road from/to a secondary road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway secondary link.png
APD-40cloverleaf.jpg
highway tertiary_link way The link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a tertiary road from/to a tertiary road or lower class highway.
Rendering-highway tertiary link.png

Special road types

highway living_street way For living streets, which are residential streets where pedestrians have legal priority over cars, speeds are kept very low and this is can use for narrow roads that usually using for motorcycle roads.
Living street osm.png
beginning of a living street with a paving stones surface and some trees and cars parking at the sides
highway service way area For access roads to, or within an industrial estate, camp site, business park, car park, alleys, etc. Can be used in conjunction with service=* to indicate the type of usage and with access=* to indicate who can use it and in what circumstances.
Rendering-highway service.png
Alley leading from the High Street to Green Lane Shopping Centre - geograph.org.uk - 942796.jpg
highway pedestrian way area For roads used mainly/exclusively for pedestrians in shopping and some residential areas which may allow access by motorised vehicles only for very limited periods of the day. To create a 'square' or 'plaza' create a closed way and tag as pedestrian and also with area=yes.
Pedestrian with area osm.png
Cambridge Rd - geograph.org.uk - 1189572.jpg
highway track way Roads for mostly agricultural or forestry uses. To describe the quality of a track, see tracktype=*. Note: Although tracks are often rough with unpaved surfaces, this tag is not describing the quality of a road but its use. Consequently, if you want to tag a general use road, use one of the general highway values instead of track.
Rendering-highway track.png
  • Frühlingslandschft Aaretal Schweiz.jpg
  • Asphalt track.jpg
highway bus_guideway way A busway where the vehicle guided by the way (though not a railway) and is not suitable for other traffic. Please note: this is not a normal bus lane, use access=no, psv=yes instead!
Rendering-highway-bus guideway-mapnik.png
Bus track.jpg
highway escape way For runaway truck ramps, runaway truck lanes, emergency escape ramps, or truck arrester beds. It enables vehicles with braking failure to safely stop.
A7-Notbremsweg.jpg
highway raceway way A course or track for (motor) racing
Rendering-highway-raceway-mapnik.png
Fuji Speedway start-finish.jpg
highway road way A road/way/street/motorway/etc. of unknown type. It can stand for anything ranging from a footpath to a motorway. This tag should only be used temporarily until the road/way/etc. has been properly surveyed. If you do know the road type, do not use this value, instead use one of the more specific highway=* values.
Rendering-highway-road-mapnik.png
Road.png
highway busway way A dedicated roadway for bus rapid transit systems
grade-seperated section of busway outside of station

Paths

highway footway way area For designated footpaths; i.e., mainly/exclusively for pedestrians. This includes walking tracks and gravel paths. If bicycles are allowed as well, you can indicate this by adding a bicycle=yes tag. Should not be used for paths where the primary or intended usage is unknown. Use highway=pedestrian for pedestrianised roads in shopping or residential areas and highway=track if it is usable by agricultural or similar vehicles. For ramps (sloped paths without steps), combine this tag with incline=*.
Rendering-highway footway.png
Footway in Stowupland - geograph.org.uk - 1044849.jpg
highway bridleway way For horse riders. Pedestrians are usually also permitted, cyclists may be permitted depending on local rules/laws. Motor vehicles are forbidden.
Rendering-highway bridleway.png
Bridleway-reitweg-de.jpg
highway steps way For flights of steps (stairs) on footways. Use with step_count=* to indicate the number of steps
Rendering-highway steps.png
Escalinata del Calvario de Toluca.jpg
highway corridor way For a hallway inside of a building.
HK TST Star House mall corridor interior shop signs Sept-2012.JPG
highway path way A non-specific path. Use highway=footway for paths mainly for walkers, highway=cycleway for one also usable by cyclists, highway=bridleway for ones available to horse riders as well as walkers and highway=track for ones which is passable by agriculture or similar vehicles.
Path osm.png
GuideFootPathCycleYes.jpg
highway via_ferrata way A via ferrata is a route equipped with fixed cables, stemples, ladders, and bridges in order to increase ease and security for climbers. These via ferrata require equipment : climbing harness, shock absorber and two short lengths of rope, but do not require a long rope as for climbing. not rendered in OSM-Carto
Mauerlaeufer ueberhang.jpg

When sidewalk/crosswalk is tagged as a separate way

footway sidewalk way Sidewalk that runs typically along residential road. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path
Rendering-highway footway.png
200806 Berlin 91sidewalk.jpg
footway crossing way Crosswalk that connects two sidewalks on the opposite side of the road. Often recognized by painted markings on the road, road sign or traffic lights. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path. Useful information is presence of tactile_paving=*, wheelchair=* suitability and kerb=* represented as a node on the crosswalk way.
Rendering-highway footway.png
Zebra-crossing sm.jpg

When sidewalk (or pavement) is tagged on the main roadway (see Sidewalks)

sidewalk both | left | right | no way Specifies that the highways has sidewalks on both sides, on one side or no sidewalk at all
Sidewalk and zebra-crossing.jpg

When cycleway is drawn as its own way (see Bicycle)

highway cycleway way For designated cycleways. Add foot=*, though it may be avoided if default-access-restrictions do apply.
Cycleway osm.png
Separated cycleway with traffic sign

Cycleway tagged on the main roadway or lane (see Bicycle)

cycleway lane way A lane is a route that lies within the roadway
Fietsstrook Herenweg Oudorp.jpg
cycleway opposite way Used on ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
Sul bxl 01.JPG
cycleway opposite_lane way Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling lane going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
France road sign C24a-2.svg
cycleway track way A track provides a route that is separated from traffic. In the United States, this term is often used to refer to bike lanes that are separated from lanes for cars by pavement buffers, bollards, parking lanes, and curbs. Note that a cycle track may alternatively be drawn as a separate way next to the road which is tagged as highway=cycleway.
Cycle nexttoroad.jpg
cycleway opposite_track way Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling track going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
549c Spitzenkiel140923.jpg
cycleway share_busway way There is a bus lane that cyclists are permitted to use.
Busandbike.jpg
cycleway opposite_share_busway way Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a bus lane that cyclists are also permitted to use, and which go in the opposite direction to normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" bus lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.
2010-01-02 15.19.16.jpg
cycleway shared_lane way Cyclists share a lane with motor vehicles, but there are markings indicating that they should share the lane with motorists. In some places these markings are known as "sharrows" ('sharing arrows') and this is the tag to use for those.
Sharrows Toronto 2011.jpg
busway lane way Bus lane on both sides of the road. (See also: Parallel scheme for bus/psv lane tagging lanes:bus=* / lanes:psv=*)
2010-01-02 15.19.16.jpg

Street parking tagged on the main roadway (see Street parking)

parking:left / :right / :both
(hereafter: parking:side)
lane | street_side | on_kerb | half_on_kerb | shoulder | no | separate | yes way Primary key to record parking along the street. Desribes the parking position of parked vehicles in the street.
Darby Street Pre-Shared Space Change.jpg
parking:sideorientation=* parallel | diagonal | perpendicular way To specify the orientation of parked vehicles if there is street parking.

Lifecycle (see also lifecycle prefixes)

highway proposed way For planned roads, use with proposed=* and a value of the proposed highway value.
highway construction way For roads under construction. Use construction=* to hold the value for the completed road.
Rendering-highway construction tertiary carto.png
different colours
The T12 link road to Wilmore Road under construction - geograph.org.uk - 4452080.jpg

Attributes

abutters commercial | industrial | mixed | residential | retail etc. way See Key:abutters for more details.
Dscf1376-600.jpg
bicycle_road yes way A bicycle road is a road designated for bicycles. If residential streets get the status of bicycle roads, normally, by special signs, motor traffic is admitted with limited speed, often only for residents.
456Humboldtstr.jpg
bus_bay both | left | right way A bus bay outside the main carriageway for boarding/alighting
1033@970.jpg
change yes | no | not_right | not_left | only_right | only_left way Specify the allowed/forbidden lane changes
Only Only Only (49884679761).jpg
destination <place name of destination> way Destination when following a linear feature
Japanese Road sign (Direction and Lane A).svg
embankment yes | dyke way A dyke or a raised bank to carry a road, railway, or canal across a low-lying or wet area.
Green River Trail - Desimone Levee 01.jpg
embedded_rails yes | <type of railway> way A highway on which non-railway traffic is also allowed has railway tracks embedded in it but the rails are mapped as separate ways.
Ruusulankatu tram rails (at lat 60.18206, lon 24.92450) heading NW.jpg
ford yes node way The road crosses through stream or river, vehicles must enter any water.
Map feature ford.jpg
ice_road yes way A highway is laid upon frozen water basin, definitely doesn't exist in summer.
Pechora crossing.jpg
incline Number % | ° | up | down node way Incline steepness as percents ("5%") or degrees ("20°"). Positive/negative values indicate movement upward/downwards in the direction of the way.
Incline17.jpg
junction roundabout way closed way This automatically implies oneway=yes, the oneway direction is defined by the sequential ordering of nodes within the Way. This applies on a way, tagged with highway=* already.
Mapping-Features-Roundabout-Simple.png
2008 03 12 - UMD - Roundabout viewed from Art Soc Bldg 4b.JPG
lanes <number> way The number of traffic lanes for general purpose traffic, also for buses and other specific classes of vehicle.
NLEx 6 Lanes.jpg
lane_markings yes | no way Specifies if a highway has painted markings to indicate the position of the lanes.
Reelsen1.JPG
lit yes | no nodewayarea Street lighting
Berlin speer-leuchte.jpg
maxspeed <number> way Specifies the maximum legal speed limit on a road, railway or waterway.
Zeichen 274-60 - Zulässige Höchstgeschwindigkeit, StVO 2017.svg
motorroad yes | no way node The motorroad tag is used to describe highways that have motorway-like access restrictions but that are not a motorway.
Zeichen 331.1 - Kraftfahrstraße, StVO 2013.svg
mountain_pass yes node The highest point of a mountain pass.
Mountain pass.jpg
mtb:scale 0-6 way Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A classification scheme for mtb trails (few inclination and downhill).
Difficulty gauge for the grants process.png
mtb:scale:uphill 0-5 way A classification scheme for mtb trails for going uphill if there is significant inclination.
Difficulty gauge for the grants process.png
mtb:scale:imba 0-4 way The IMBA Trail Difficulty Rating System shall be used for bikeparks. It is adapted to mtb trails with artificial obstacles.
mtb:description Text way Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A key to input variable infos related to mtbiking on a way with human words
oneway yes | no | reversible way Oneway streets are streets where you are only allowed to drive in one direction.
Schildhb.jpg
oneway:bicycle yes | no | way Used on ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions.
Sul bxl 01.JPG
overtaking yes | no | caution | both | forward | backward way Specifying sections of roads where overtaking is legally forbidden. Use overtaking:forward=yes/no/caution and overtaking:backward=yes/no/caution when it depends on driving direction.
Overtakinglines.jpg
parking:lane parallel | diagonal | perpendicular | marked | no_parking | no_stopping | fire_lane. way Deprecated variant to map parking along streets. See section on street parking above or the street parking page for more details.
Parkingonstreetlanes2nowide.png
parking:condition free | ticket | disc | residents | customers | private way Deprecated variant to map parking conditions along streets. See section on street parking above or the street parking page for more details.
2013.11.01.104926 Parking sign Kilauea Avenue Hilo Hawaii.jpg
passing_places yes way A way which has frequent passing places (See also: highway=passing_place)
Single-track.jpg
priority forward | backward way Traffic priority for narrow parts of roads, e.g. narrow bridges.
Vienna Convention road sign B6.svg
priority_road designated | yes_unposted | end way Specifying roads signposted as priority roads.
Vienna Convention road sign B3-V1.svg
sac_scale hiking | mountain_hiking | demanding_mountain_hiking | alpine_hiking | demanding_alpine_hiking | difficult_alpine_hiking way Applies to highway=path and highway=footway. A classification scheme for hiking trails.
Mountain hiking.jpg
service alley | driveway | parking_aisle etc. way See Key:service for more details.
Seattle - alley north from S Jackson between Western & 1st - A.jpg
shoulder no | yes | right | both | left way Presence of shoulder in highway
15-05-23-Berlin-Sachsendamm-Tesla-RalfR-N3S 7354.jpg
smoothness excellent | good | intermediate | bad | very_bad | horrible | very_horrible | impassable way area Specifies the physical usability of a way for wheeled vehicles due to surface regularity/flatness. See Key:smoothness for more details.
Jena Track roots.jpg
surface paved | unpaved | asphalt | concrete | paving_stones | sett | cobblestone | metal | wood | compacted | fine_gravel | gravel | pebblestone | plastic | grass_paver | grass | dirt | earth | mud | sand | ground way See Key:surface for more details.
Transportation in Tanzania Traffic problems.JPG
tactile_paving yes | no node way area A paving in the ground to be followed with a blindman's stick. Not to be rendered on standard maps.
Tactile paving.jpg
tracktype grade1 | grade2 | grade3 | grade4 | grade5 way To describe the quality of the surface. See Key:tracktype for more information.
Mapnik-tracktype-grade1.png
Surface grade1.jpg
traffic_calming bump | hump | table | island | cushion | yes | etc. node way Features used to slow down traffic. See Key:traffic calming for more details.
Ležeći policajac 016.jpg
trail_visibility excellent | good | intermediate | bad | horrible | no way Applies to highway=path, highway=footway, highway=cycleway and highway=bridleway. A classification for hiking trails visibility
Trail visibility good.jpg
trailblazed yes | no | poles | cairns | symbols way Applies to highway=*. Describing trail blazing and marking. See Key:trailblazed for more information.
Trail blazing 10.jpg
trailblazed:visibility excellent | good | intermediate | bad | horrible | no way Applies to trailblazed=*. A classification for visibility of trailblazing. See Key:trailblazed:visibility for more information.
turn left | slight_left | through | right | slight_right | merge_to_left | merge_to_right | reverse way The key turn can be used to specify the direction in which a way or a lane will lead.
Zeichen 297 - Richtungspfeile, StVO 1970.svg
width <number> way The width of a feature.
Height demonstration diagram.png
winter_road yes way A highway functions during winter, probably can't be driven in summer.
Anuisk bilibino sever66.jpg

Other highway features

highway bus_stop node A small bus stop. Optionally one may also use public_transport=stop_position for the position where the vehicle stops and public_transport=platform for the place where passengers wait.
Bus stop.12.svg
Průmyslová str3, Prague Štěrboholy.jpg
highway crossing node A.k.a. crosswalk. Pedestrians can cross a street here; e.g., zebra crossing
Zebra-crossing sm.jpg
highway cyclist_waiting_aid node Street furniture for cyclists that are intended to make waiting at esp. traffic lights more comfortable.
Cyclist footrest 01 Flickr SDOT Photos.jpg
highway elevator node way An elevator or lift, used to travel vertically, providing passenger and freight access between pathways at different floor levels.
Elevator-12.svg
Diag3.jpg
highway emergency_bay node way An area beside a highway where you can safely stop your car in case of breakdown or emergency.
France road sign C8.svg
highway emergency_access_point node Sign number which can be used to define your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN. See also emergency=access_point
Anfahrpunkt für Rettungsfahrzeuge HP 108 Alter Lorscher Weg 102 1235.jpg
highway give_way node A "give way," or "Yield" sign
Give way.jpg
emergency phone node A calling device can be used to tell on your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGN
Emergency push-button telephone, Warsaw.jpg
highway ladder nodeway A vertical or inclined set of steps or rungs intended for climbing or descending of a person with the help of hands.
Wooden ladder to the small cave, Hurkutstein.jpg
highway milestone node Highway location marker
3marcoquilometriconovo.png
highway mini_roundabout node Similar to roundabouts, but at the center there is either a painted circle or a fully traversable island. In case of an untraversable center island, junction=roundabout should be used.

Rendered as anti-clockwise by default direction=anticlockwise. To render clockwise add the tag direction=clockwise.

Mapping-Features-Mini-Roundabout.png
Mini-roundabout.jpg
highway motorway_junction node Indicates a junction (UK) or exit (US). ref=* should be set to the exit number or junction identifier. (Some roads – e.g., the A14 – also carry junction numbers, so the tag may be encountered elsewhere despite its name)
Mapnik-Motorway-Junction.png
Dscf0242 600.jpg
highway passing_place node The location of a passing space
Ausweichstelle.jpg
highway platform node way area A platform at a bus stop or station.
Rendering-highway railway platform line.png
Bayview trstwy.jpg
highway rest_area node area Place where drivers can leave the road to rest, but not refuel.
Rendering-highway-services-mapnik.jpg
Wentworth terrain.jpg
highway services node area A service station to get food and eat something, often found at motorways
Mapping Features Motorway service area.jpg
De lucht.jpg
highway speed_camera node A fixed road-side or overhead speed camera.
Speed camera.jpg
highway stop node A stop sign
STOP sign.jpg
highway street_lamp node A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night
Litpath.jpg
highway toll_gantry node A toll gantry is a gantry suspended over a way, usually a motorway, as part of a system of electronic toll collection. For a toll booth with any kind of barrier or booth see: barrier=toll_booth
CR0344eRoad-MM4-TollGantry (29081629762).jpg
highway traffic_mirror node Mirror that reflects the traffic on one road when direct view is blocked.
Verkehrsspiegel.JPG
highway traffic_signals node Lights that control the traffic
Rendering-traffic singals.jpg
Ampel.jpg
highway trailhead node Designated place to start on a trail or route
Ancient Lakes Trailhead - panoramio.jpg
highway turning_circle node A turning circle is a rounded, widened area usually, but not necessarily, at the end of a road to facilitate easier turning of a vehicle. Also known as a cul de sac.
Mapping-Features-Turning-Circle.png
Turning circle.jpg
highway turning_loop node A widened area of a highway with a non-traversable island for turning around, often circular and at the end of a road.
Turning circle - geograph.org.uk - 991834.jpg
highway User Defined node way All commonly used values according to Taginfo

This table is a wiki template with a default description in English. Editable here.


Bisiklet yolu

Bu etiket öncelikle bisiklet yollarını belirlemekte kullanılır.

Key Value Element Comment Rendering Photo
cycleway lane way Two cycle lanes, one on each side of the road. Cyclist mapCyclist map-Cycleway-lane.PNG Fietsstrook Herenweg Oudorp.jpg
cycleway:right
cycleway:left
lane way A cycle lane only on one side of the road. Left or right depend on the direction in which the way is drawn in OpenStreetMap. Cyclist mapCyclist map-lane-right.png
cycleway opposite way Used on ways with oneway=yes where it is permitted to cycle in both directions.

Note - such streets are common in Belgium, the Netherlands and Denmark, for example, but are rare in the UK (although they do exist): often, instead, actually the street is two-way as normal for its whole length except for the very short section past the no-entry sign at the end, where cycles are excepted from the no-entry by means of a short lane separated by an island. This is called a "cycle plug". In some places this has been represented as very short oneway Way at the end with an adjacent cycleway, forming a little triangle with the road they join to, or sometimes with a short oneway Way with cycleway=opposite_lane or opposite_track.

Cyclist mapCyclist map-Cycleway-opposite.PNG Sul bxl 01.JPG
cycleway opposite_lane way Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling lane going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" lane). Cyclist mapCyclist map-Cycleway-opposite.PNG Opposite cycle lane.jpg
cycleway track way A track is a route that is separate from the road.+oneway=yes if needed. Cyclist mapCyclist map-Cycleway-track.PNG Cycle nexttoroad.jpg
cycleway:right
cycleway:left
track way A track only on one side of the road. You can drive in both directions. Left and right depend on the direction in which the way is drawn in OpenStreetMap. Cyclist mapCyclist map-Cycleway-right.PNG
cycleway opposite_track way Used on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling track going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow. Cyclist mapCyclist map-Cycleway-opposite.PNG 549c Spitzenkiel140923.jpg
cycleway shared way Cyclists share space with other traffic on this highway.
cycleway share_busway way There is a bus lane that cyclists are permitted to use. Busandbike.jpg
cycleway:right
cycleway:left
share_busway way A bus lane permitted to use only on one side of the road. Left and right depend on the direction in which the way is drawn in OpenStreetMap.
cycleway shared_lane way Cyclists share a lane with motor vehicles, but there are markings indicating that they should share the lane with motorists. The road markings are usually there to highlight a cycle route or to remind drivers that you can cycle there. Also used for the on-road shared-lane marking called a "sharrow"[1]. Sharrows Toronto 2011.jpg
cycleway:right
cycleway:left
shared_lane way A shared lane only on one side of the road. Left and right depend on the direction in which the way is drawn in OpenStreetMap.
cycleway asl node A cycleway advanced stop line (ASL), also known as a bike box or an advanced stop box, is a marked area for cyclists in front of the stop line for motor traffic. CyclOSMCyclOSM cycleway asl.png Praha-Černý Most cyklobox 1.JPG
cycleway user defined way All commonly used values according to Taginfo.

This table is a wiki template with a default description in English. Editable here.


Patika

Key Value Element Comment Rendering Photo
tracktype grade1 way Solid[1].
Usually a paved surface (called also  Sealed road), often also tagged with surface=asphalt;concrete;chipseal etc.
Mapnik-tracktype-grade1.png
Cesta od Leštiny do Lipnice nad Sázavou (2).jpg
tracktype grade2 way Mostly solid.
Usually an unpaved track with surface of gravel mixed with a varying amount of sand, silt, and clay. See Gravel road Vikipedi’de.
May be applicable to heavily degraded and crumbled roads which was paved in past.
Often also tagged with surface=gravel;compacted;fine_gravel etc.
Mapnik-tracktype-grade2.png
Tracktype grade2.jpg
tracktype grade3 way Even mixture of hard and soft materials.
An unpaved track.
Mapnik-tracktype-grade3.png
Tracktype grade3.jpg
tracktype grade4 way Mostly soft.
An unpaved track prominently with soil/sand/grass, but with some hard or compacted materials mixed in.
Mapnik-tracktype-grade4.png
Grade4.jpg
tracktype grade5 way Soft.
An unimproved track lacking hard materials, uncompacted, with surface of soil/sand/grass.
Mapnik-tracktype-grade5.png
Tracktype grade5.jpg
tracktype <no value> way If no tracktype tag is present, the track is rendered with a dot-dash line style (as shown right).
Mapnik-tracktype-not-set.png
Photo not applicable

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Suyolu

Natural watercourses

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Man-made waterways

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Facilities

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Barriers on waterways

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Other features on waterways

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Demiryolu

Key Value Element Comment Rendering carto Photo

Tracks

railway abandoned way The course of a former railway which has been abandoned and the track removed. The course is still recognized through embankments, cuttings, tree rows, bridges, tunnels, remaining track ties, building shapes and rolling or straight ways. For demolished rails that are no longer identifiable, e.g. that have been built over, some use the highly questionable railway=razed. Not rendered by OSM Carto
Abbey Barn Lane Bridge, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.jpg
railway construction way Railway under construction.
Rendering-railway construction-125.png
Verlegen FF Rheda.jpg
railway disused way A section of railway which is no longer used but where the track and infrastructure remains in place. The track is likely overgrown with endemic vegetation, but could be brought back into useful service with only minor effort.
Rendering-railway disused-125.png
Disused railtrack 101 5351.jpg
railway funicular way Cable driven inclined railways on a steep slope, with a pair of cars connected by one cable
Rendering-railway light rail funicular narrow gauge-125.png
Vilnius funicular.jpg
railway light_rail way A higher-standard tram system, normally in its own right-of-way. Often it connects towns and thus reaches a considerable length (tens of kilometres).
Rendering-railway light rail funicular narrow gauge-125.png
Pittsburgh LRT 4305 47L Gateway to Library April 2008.jpg
railway miniature way Miniature railways are narrower than narrow gauge and carry passengers, frequently at an exact scale of "standard-sized" rail (for example "1/4 scale"). They can often be found in parks.
Rendering-railway miniature.png
Dampfbahnfreunde sommerhofen 09180016.jpg
railway monorail way A railway with only a single rail. A monorail can run above the rail like in Las Vegas and Disneyland or can suspend below the rail like the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (Germany).
Rendering-railway monorail.png
Monorail in Kuala Lumpur
railway narrow_gauge way Narrow-gauge passenger or freight train tracks. Narrow gauge railways can have mainline railway service like the Rhaetian Railway in Switzerland or can be a small light industrial railway. Use gauge=* to specify the actual width of rails in mm.
Rendering-railway light rail funicular narrow gauge-125.png
Narrow gauge.jpg
railway preserved way This is the old tag for historic trains. Use railway:preserved=yes for historical railway instead.
Rendering-railway preserved.png
Railway preserved.jpg
railway rail way Full sized passenger or freight train tracks in the standard gauge for the country or state.
Rendering-railway rail.png
LGV Est PK217.jpg
railway subway way A city passenger rail service running mostly grade separated (see Wikipedia:rapid transit). Often a significant portion of the line or its system/network is underground.
Rendering-railway subway.png
Madrid - Estación Marqués de Vadillo - 20060910.jpg
railway tram way One or two carriage rail vehicle tracks, usually sharing motor road, sometimes called "street running" (Other languages).
Rendering-railway tram.png
Praha, Hloubětín, Lehovec, tram KT8D5.JPG

Additional track features or attributes

bridge yes way If the railway goes over a street, waterway or other railway on an elevated structure.
Railway bridge mapnick render.jpg
Railway bridge.jpg
cutting yes way A section where the railway is significantly lower than ground level, but not underground.
Railways cutting.jpg
electrified contact_line
rail
yes
no
way contact_line: a power line over the train head
rail: a third rail near the track supplying the train with power
yes: electrified track, but no details available
no: track with no power supply.
Caténaire 1,5 kV 01.jpg
embankment yes way A section where the railway is raised significantly higher than ground level.
Railway embankment.jpg
embedded_rails yes/<type of railway> way Specifies that a highway on which non-railway traffic is also allowed has railway tracks embedded in it but the rails are mapped as separate ways.
Ruusulankatu tram rails (at lat 60.18206, lon 24.92450) heading NW.jpg
frequency number [Hz] way The frequency with which a line is electrified. Use 0 for DC. Also see the voltage tag.
Wave frequency.gif
railway:track_ref number way Track number
Gleis 101.jpg
service crossover way Relatively short lengths of track which switch traffic from one parallel line to another
Crossover.png
service siding way Relatively short lengths of track, running parallel to (and connected to) a main route
Rendering-railway rail service.png
Siding.png
service spur way Relatively short lengths of track, built to give one company or entity access to a main or branch line.
Rendering-railway rail service.png
Spur.png
service yard way Tracks within railway company operated marshalling or maintenance yards.
Rendering-railway rail service.png
Service yard.png
tunnel yes way If the railway goes below ground. Most subways have this tag.
Haywards Heath tunnel.jpg
tracks number way Number of parallel tracks in close proximity when mapped as one single way representing all tracks. If not given means unknown and defaults to 1. In many parts of the world the tracks are being drawn out separately so that there is more detail, in which case this tag isn't used.
Spoorlijn 51 R01.jpg
usage main
branch
industrial
military
tourism
scientific
test
way main line: heavy traffic
branch line: connecting places with a mainline
industrial: servicing large plants (iron, chemical etc.), surface mining, …
military: servicing military area
tourism: most mountain rails (rack-rails, funicular) and preserved railways
scientific: rail transport at spaceports, large array telescopes, etc.
test: track for testing new wheels, rails, tracks and rail technologies.
voltage number way The voltage with which a line is electrified. Also see the frequency tag.
Symbole voltmetre.png

Stations and stops

railway halt node A small station without switches
Rendering-railway-tram stop-mapnik.png.png
Railway halt.jpg
public_transport stop_position node The position on the railway track where the train (its centre) stops at a platform. This is useful for routing on long platforms where also short trains stop and on long platforms where multiple trains stop behind each other. See also public_transport=stop_area.
Průmyslová str3, Prague Štěrboholy.jpg
public_transport platform node way area This is parallel to the rail line for showing where the actual platforms are. It is also to know where you can change platform and enter the station, so use footpaths to connect them. This is really useful for routing too. Use only if the platform is served by public transport.
Relax ... take it easy (7757527444).jpg
railway platform way area This is parallel to the rail line for showing where the actual platforms are. It is also to know where you can change platform and enter the station, so use footpaths to connect them. This is really useful for routing too. Use in addition to public_transport=platform.
Relax ... take it easy (7757527444).jpg
public_transport station node area Railway passenger-only station.
Paddington Station.jpg
railway station node area Railway passenger and/or cargo station. Use in addition to public_transport=station.
Rendering-railway-tram stop-mapnik.png.png
Paddington Station.jpg
railway subway_entrance node The entrance to a subway station, usually going from surface to underground.
Subway-entrance-12.svg
Madrid-Metro-Tribunal-Entrada.jpg
railway tram_stop node A tram stop is a place where a passenger can embark / disembark a tram.
Rendering-railway-tram stop-mapnik.png.png
Dscf1400-600.jpg

Other railways

railway buffer_stop node Stops the train at the end of a track. See buffer stop. Not rendered by OSM Carto
Stootblok (staal).jpg
railway derail node A device used to prevent fouling of a rail track by unauthorized movements of trains or unattended rolling stock. See Derail (railroad). Not rendered by OSM Carto
US derail detail.JPG
railway crossing node A point where pedestrians may cross.
Level crossing2.svg
Dscf1407-600.jpg
railway level_crossing node A point where rails and roads cross.
Level crossing2.svg
Level crossing - Chertsey - England - 270404.jpg
railway tram_level_crossing node A point where trams and roads cross.
RU road sign 1.5.svg
railway signal node Any kind of railway signal. Not rendered by OSM Carto
Zwischensignal FFM-Hoechst Schnee.jpg
railway switch node Full connections between railways (aka 'points'). Not rendered by OSM Carto
Railway switch.JPG
railway railway_crossing node Crossing rails with no interconnection. Not rendered by OSM Carto
Railroad crossing at grade also known as a diamond.jpg
landuse railway area Ground used around railways and railway-stations. Landuse-industrial.png Except no border, as landuse=industrial
Illustration of Rail.jpg
railway turntable node area These are used for changing the direction that part of a train is pointing in. node: Not rendered by OSM Carto

area: Rendering-area-railway turntable-mapnik.png

Turntable of Railroad 001.jpg
railway roundhouse area A semicircular building with many stalls for servicing engines. Not rendered by OSM Carto
Roundhouse Park August 2017 01.jpg
railway traverser node area These are used for changing trains between railways. Also known as transfer table. nodearea: Not rendered by OSM Carto
Schiebebuehne 01.jpg
railway wash node area A railroad carriage/car wash Not rendered by OSM Carto
AKN Waschanlage - panoramio.jpg
railway water_crane node A structure to deliver water to steam locomotives Not rendered by OSM Carto
Wasserkran Bf Stützerbach.JPG
railway ventilation_shaft node way A structure that allows ventilation in underground tunnels Not rendered by OSM Carto
Moscow, Dmitriya Donskogo Boulevard, subway ventilation ducts (21984596650).jpg
railway user defined node way All commonly used values according to Taginfo – – – – – –

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Havacılık

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Havai hat

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Güç - Enerji

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İnsan Yapısı

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Dinlence

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
leisure sports_centre node area Spor Merkezi  
leisure golf_course node area Golf sahası  
leisure stadium node area Stadyum  
leisure marina node area Liman / marina  
leisure track node area koşu, bisiklet v.b. parkur  
leisure water_park node area Su parkı  
leisure slipway node Kayıkhane  
leisure fishing node area Balık avı  
leisure nature_reserve node area Korunmuş doğa alanı  
leisure park node area Park  
leisure playground node area Oyun alanı  
leisure garden node area Bahçe  
leisure common node area Kamuya açık genel alan  
leisure User Defined node area    


Olanaklar

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Dükkan

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
shop bakery node Ekmek ve unlu mamüller  
shop butcher node Kasap / Şarküteri  
shop chandler node Mum ve sabun  
shop supermarket node area Supermarket Rendering-amenity supermarket.png
shop User Defined node Önerilmiş olan etiketleri görmek ya da eklemek için.  


Turizm

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
tourism information node    
tourism camp_site node area    
tourism caravan_site node area    
tourism picnic_site node area    
tourism viewpoint node    
tourism theme_park node area    
tourism hotel node Wikipedia:Hotel Rendering-tourism hotel.png
tourism motel node Wikipedia:Motel  
tourism guest_house node Wikipedia:Guest House  
tourism hostel node Wikipedia:Hostel  
tourism attraction node area    
tourism zoo node area    
tourism User Defined node area    


Tarihi

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
historic castle node Kale, şato  
historic monument node Anıt, Heykel  
historic memorial node Heykelsiz küçük anıt  
historic museum node Müze  
historic archaeological_site node area Arkeolojik kazı bölgesi  
historic icon node İkon, ikona  
historic house_of_person node Önemli bir kişinin yaşamış olduğu ev  
historic ruins node area Tarihi kalıntı  
historic User Defined node    

See also railway=preserved for historic trains.

Arazi Kullanımı

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
landuse farm node area Animals, vegetables, flowers, fruit growing (Other languages)  
landuse quarry node area Surface mineral extraction (Other languages)  
landuse landfill node area Place where waste is dumped upon. Other languages  
landuse basin node area Other languages  
landuse reservoir node area Stores water, may covered or uncovered ((3196) Other languages)  
landuse forest node area Managed forest or woodland plantation (Other languages)  
landuse allotments node area A piece of land given over to local residents for growing vegetables and flowers (UK)  
landuse residential node area Predominantly houses or apartment buildings  
landuse retail node area Predominantly shops  
landuse commercial node area Predominantly offices  
landuse industrial node area Predominantly workshops, factories or warehouses  
landuse brownfield node area Describes land scheduled for new development where old buildings have been demolished and cleared  
landuse greenfield node area Describes land scheduled for new development where there have been no buildings before  
landuse cemetery node area Place for burials. Smaller places (e.g. with a church nearby) may use amenity=grave_yard instead. Jewish cemetery Worms.jpg
landuse village_green node area An area of common land, usually grass, in the centre of a village (quintessentially English - defined separately from 'common land' under the Commons Registration ACt 1965 and the Commons Act 2006)  
landuse recreation_ground node area An open green space for general recreation, which may include pitches, nets and so on, usually municipal but possibly also private to colleges or companies  
landuse User Defined node area    


Askeri

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
military airfield node area    
military bunker node Buildings, often build from concrete, to stand even heavier fire.  
military barracks node area Buildings where soldiers live and work.  
military danger_area node area Usually a large marked area around something like a firing range, bombing range, etc which is an exclusion zone.  
military range node area Where soldiers have practice with their weapons (firing, bombing, artillery, ...).  
military User Defined node area    


Doğal

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Key Value Element Comment Example
natural spring node A place where ground water flows naturally from the ground ((hydrology, land) (3596) Other languages)  
natural peak node top of a hill or mountain  
natural cliff node area Rock face  
natural scree node area Loose rock  
natural scrub node area Uncultivated land covered with bushes or stunted trees  
natural fell node area Bare upper lying uncultivated land principally covered with grass and often grazed.  
natural heath node area Bare lower lying uncultivated land with bushes but little or no tree cover.  
natural wood node area Natural woodland (trees)  
natural marsh node area waterlogged area  
natural water node area Lakes, etc. Always keep water on the right side of the segment and land on the left side, in relation to segment direction.  
natural coastline node way area The coastline should run anti-clockwise, i.e. land on the left side and water on the right side of the segment, for it to show correctly.  
natural mud node area (Other languages)  
natural beach node area Beach: sand, gravel or pebble (Other languages)  
natural bay node area Bay (Other languages)  
natural land node area Land that exists within another area, such as a lake. (i.e an island). Keep water on the right and land on the left side in relation to segment direction. Layering may also be required  
natural User Defined node area    


Fiziksel Olmayan

Rota

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
route bus way    
route ferry way    
route flight way    
route ncn way ncn = National Cycle Network (in the UK)  
route subsea way    
route ski way    
route tour way    
route pub_crawl way    
route User Defined way    


Sınır

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
boundary administrative area e.g. State, county, local council (unclear how these are specified. Clarify!). Use therefore bordertype=  
boundary civil area    
boundary political area Electoral boundaries  
boundary national_park area Area of outstanding natural beauty, set aside for conservation and for recreation (Other languages)  


Spor

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
sport 10pin node area Bovling  
sport athletics node area Atletizm  
sport basketball node area Basketbol  
sport climbing node area Kaya tırmanma (ve kaya duvarı)  
sport cycling node area Bisiklet  
sport golf node area Golf  
sport gymnastics node area Jimnastik  
sport hockey node area Buz hokeyi  
sport horse_racing node area Hipodrom  
sport motor node area Motorlu araç yarışı  
sport multi node area Çoklu  
sport racquet node area Squash  
sport skating node area Buz pateni  
sport skateboard node area Kay-kay  
sport soccer node area Futbol  
sport swimming node area Yüzme  
sport skiing node area Kayak  
sport table_tennis node area Masa Tenisi / Pin-pon  
sport tennis node area Tenis kortu  


Abutters

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
abutters residential way predominantly houses and apartments  
abutters retail way predominantly shops  
abutters industrial way predominantly workshops, factories, warehouses Abutters-industrial.jpg
abutters commercial way office buildings, business parks, etc.  
abutters mixed way    


Accessories

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
fenced yes/no way    
lit yes/no way Street lighting  


Özellikler

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
area yes area Making a closed way render solid  
bridge yes way    
tunnel yes way    
cutting yes way    
embankment yes way    
lanes Num way Number of travel lanes in each (or only permitted) direction  
layer -5 to 5 way This numerical tag used to be `elevation', however it got renamed due to confusion with the ele and altitude tags used by tracklog imports. layer:-1
layer:1 (not +1)
surface paved/unpaved way    
ele Num node Altitude (meter over sea level)  
width Num way Width of way in metres  
est_width Num way A rough guess of the width of way/segment in metres  
depth Num way area Depth in metres  
est_depth Num way area A rough guess of the Depth in metres  
start_date Date way Date feature was created  
end_date Date way Date feature was removed  


Kısıtlamalar

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
access yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way General access permission. 'permissive' means there is no legally-enshrined right of access, but the landowner has allowed it at his/her discretion. 'private' means access is restricted to the landowner.  
bicycle yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Access permission for bicycles. For values see above  
foot yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Access permission for pedestrians. For values see above  
goods yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Vans and trucks?? See above  
hgv yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Access permission for Heavy Goods Vehicles (UK), e.g. trucks. See above  
horse yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Access permission for horse riders. For values see above  
motorcycle yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Access permission for motorcycles. For values see above  
motorcar yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Access permission for (motor) cars. For values see above  
psv yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way Access permission for Public Service Vehicles (UK), e.g. buses and coaches. See above  
motorboat yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way    
boat yes/private/ permissive/ unknown/no way    
oneway yes (or true/1)/
-1/
no (or false)
way The permitted direction for a segment, is indicated by segment direction (enable arrows!). -1 for oneway direction opposed to segment direction.  
noexit yes way A dead end road/cul de sac with only one access road  
date_on Date way Date restriction starts  
date_off Date way Date restriction stops  
day_on Day of Week way Day restriction starts  
day_off Day of Week way Day restriction stops  
hour_on Time way Time restriction starts  
hour_off Time way Time restriction stops  
maxweight Num way Weight limit in tonnes  
maxheight Num way height limit in metres  
maxwidth Num way width limit in metres  
maxlength Num way length limit in metres  
maxspeed Num way Maximum speed in km/hr  
minspeed Num way Minimum speed in km/hr  
toll yes node way area Toll or fee must be paid to access way, see also highway=toll_booth  


Adlandırma

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
name User Defined node way area Ortak varsayılan ad  
int_name User Defined node way area Uluslararası ad  
nat_name User Defined node way area Ulusal ad  
reg_name User Defined node way area Bölgesel ad  
loc_name User Defined node way area Yerel ad  
old_name User Defined node way area Tarihi ad  
name:xx User Defined node way area Farklı dilde ad. örn. name:en=Ararat. bkz.: Bilingual_street_names  


Göndermeler

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
ref User Defined node way area The common default reference (eg M25)  
int_ref User Defined node way area International reference (eg E30)  
nat_ref User Defined node way area National reference  
reg_ref User Defined node way area Regional reference  
loc_ref User Defined node way area Local reference  
old_ref User Defined node way area Historical reference  
ncn_ref User Defined way The number reference (eg 54) of a National Cycle Network route. In the UK, national routes have single-or double-digit numbers with a red background on the signs. Ncn1-Cramond.JPG
rcn_ref User Defined way The number of the regional cycle network. In the UK the regional routes have double-digit numbers with a blue background on the signs. NCN1Dalkeith-PenicuikRegional73.jpg (Sign showing both national and regional spur).
lcn_ref User Defined way The number of the local cycle network Cycle route sign.jpg
source ref User Defined node way area To record the URI, source reference (eg Landsat) or other link to physical sources.  
icao User Defined node way area ICAO International airport codes  
iata User Defined node way area IATA International airport codes  

Yer sınıflaması

See Generic:Map Features:place.

Administratively declared places

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Populated settlements, urban

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Populated settlements, urban and rural

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Other places

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Additional attributes

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Notlama / Annotation

some keys are allowed with one of the following values.

node - Düğüm, way - Yol, area - Alan

Anahtar Değer Öğe Açıklama Örnek
note serbest içerik node way area Kendiniz ve diğer haritacılar için not. adresinde notların göründüğü bir harita var.  
description serbest içerik node way area Bir tarama sistemi ya da pop-up destekleyen haritalarda görüntülenebilir bilgi..  
image URI node way area Bir görüntü dosyasına atıf (Eğer görüntü bir kaynağı belirtiyorsa aşağıdaki "source_ref" anahtarını kullanınız.)  
source extrapolation node way area Extension of information from a known source  
source knowledge node way area Local or common knowledge  
source historical node way area from out-of-copyright mapping or other historical document  
source image node way area photograph or video  
source survey node way area gpx track or other physical survey  
source voice node way area Voice recordings, eg dictaphone  
source User Defined node way area    
source_ref User Defined node way area To record the URI, source reference (eg Landsat) or other link to physical sources.  
created_by User Defined node way area Defined by the editor used (JOSM, applet, osmeditor, etc), mainly to deal with Utf8 errors. Should not be changed manually.